1
Refer to the image. What anatomy is labeled as letter C?
iliac crest
AIIS
ASIS
ala of ilium
2
Situation: A patient comes to radiology with a request for a right hip study. He is from an extended care facility and is confused about the cause of the injury. The technologist takes an AP pelvis, and when the lateral frog-leg projection is attempted, the patient complains loudly about the pain in his affected hip. What should the technologist do to complete the study?
Continue to position the patient, but move the affected limb more gently
Perform the axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection
Perform the anterior pelvis (Taylor) outlet projection
Perform the AP pelvis projection only
Perform the axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection
3
The term pelvic girdle refers to the total pelvis including the sacrum and coccyx.
False
True
4
Refer to the image. What projection and anatomy of interest is depicted?
AP axial (Taylor);
anterior pelvic bones
AP axial (Bridgeman); pelvic inlet
AP oblique (modified Cleaves); femoral necks
AP oblique (Cleaves); femoral necks
AP oblique (modified Cleaves); femoral necks
5
A radiograph of an AP pelvis reveals that the right iliac wing is foreshortened as compared with the left side. What specific positioning problem is present on this radiograph?
Incorrect CR centering or angulation
Right rotation
Left
rotation
Right tilt
6
The internal oblique position of the AP oblique projection (Judet method) demonstrates the:
iliopubic column and anterior rim of acetabulum
ilioischial column and anterior rim of acetabulum
ilioischial column and posterior rim of acetabulum
iliopubic column and posterior rim of acetabulum
iliopubic column and posterior rim of acetabulum
7
What CR angle is required for the AP axial,
inlet projection?
10 to 15 degrees cephalad
30 degrees cephalad
40 degrees caudad
20 to 30 degrees caudad
8
The letter B on the illustration below identifies the :
ilioischel column
iliopubic column
acetabulum column
ischelpubic column
9
The
angle of the SI joints is ____ degrees relative to the midsagittal plane.
30 to 35 degrees
10 degrees
25 to 30 degrees
20 degrees
10
A radiograph of an AP pelvis reveals that the left obturator foramen is more open or elongated as compared with the right. What is the specific positioning error present on this radiograph?
Right rotation
Left tilt
Incorrect CR centering or angulation
Left rotation
11
A radiograph of an
AP pelvis demonstrates that the right obturator foramen is foreshortened but the left foramen is open. Which one of the following positioning errors is present on this radiograph?
Right tilt
Excessive CR angle
Left rotation
Right rotation
12
Which of the following imaging modalities will best detect early signs of bone infection of the pelvis?
Nuclear medicine
MRI
CT
Radiography
13
The below pictured projection is called the:
Cleaves Method
Bridgeman Method
Judet Method
Taylor Method
14
Unless contraindicated, the lower limb and leg should be internally rotated for an axiolateral projection of the hip (Danelius-Miller). How many degrees of rotation are
required?
10 degrees
15 degrees
20 degrees
15 to 20 degrees
15
Which projection of the hip is shown in the figure above?
axiolateral
lateral
axiolateral oblique
superoinferior
16
The posterior oblique (Judet method) for the acetabulum requires
a 10- to 15-degree rotation of the body.
True
False
17
Which of the following describes the direction of the central ray for an axiolateral projection of the hip (Danelius-Miller)?
(1) perpendicular to the IR
(2) perpendicular to the long axis of the femoral neck
(3) perpendicular to the long axis of the femur
1 and 2
1 and 3
1, 2, and 3
2 and 3
18
A radiograph of an AP axial (Taylor) “outlet” projection reveals that
the obturator foramina are not symmetric. What type of positioning problem is present on this radiograph?
Rotation of the pelvis
Probable fracture of the pubis or ischium
The CR was off-center
Tilt of the pelvis
19
A radiograph of an LPO projection for sacroiliac joints reveals that the ilium is superimposed over the involved joint. What type of positioning error is present on this radiograph?
Excessive rotation or obliquity
Incorrect CR
angulation
Tilt toward the right
Insufficient rotation or obliquity
Excessive rotation or obliquity
20
The body is placed at what angle for the AP oblique projection (Judet method) of the acetabulum?
45 degrees
50 degrees
40 to 50 degrees
45 to 60 degrees
21
The following projection is being demonstrated in the image below:
Ilium Projection
Inlet Projection
Outlet Projection
Acetabulum Projection
22
For the AP oblique femoral necks (modified Cleaves method), the central ray is directed:
35 degrees
45 degrees
0 degrees
15 degrees
23
How much is the central ray angled for the AP oblique projection (Judet method) of the acetabulum?
10
degrees
15 degrees
12 degrees
0 degrees
24
Examine this AP oblique (Judet) image of the right hip obtained with the patient positioned for the internal oblique. What is the anatomy of interest?
anterior acetabular rim and ilioischial column
posterior acetabular rim and
ilioischial column
anterior acetabular rim and iliopubic column
posterior acetabular rim and iliopubic column
posterior acetabular rim and iliopubic column
25
The following projection is being demonstrated in the image below:
Bridgeman Method
Projection
Clements-Nakayama Projection
Taylor Method Projection
Judet Projection Projection
Bridgeman Method Projection
26
How much should the thighs be abducted for the AP oblique projection of the femoral necks (modified Cleaves method)?
30 degrees
10 degrees
45 degrees
20 degrees
27
Which bones fuse to form the acetabulum?
Pubis, ilium, and sacrum
Ischium and pubis
Ischium,
pubis, and ilium
Ilium and ischium
Ischium, pubis, and ilium
28
Where is the IR centered for an AP pelvis?
at the level of the ASIS
2 inches below the iliac crest
midway between the ASIS and the pubic symphysis
at the level of the pubic symphysis
midway between the ASIS and the pubic symphysis
29
Using the above hip localization method, the femoral head can be located:
1½
inches (4 cm) below the midpoint of the imaginary line between the two bony landmarks.
1 inch (2.5 cm) below the midpoint of the imaginary line between the two bony landmarks.
2½ inches (6 to 7 cm) below the midpoint of the imaginary line between the two bony landmarks.
at the level of the symphysis pubis.
1½ inches (4 cm) below the midpoint of the imaginary line between the two bony landmarks.
30
Which bone of the pelvic girdle forms the
anterior inferior aspect?
Ischium
Pubis
Sacrum
Ilium
31
The following position is demonstrating which of the following Methods ?
Bridgeman Method
Jedet Method
Taylor Method
Clements-Nakayama Method
32
Which of the following methods
demonstrate the hip in an axiolateral projection?
Danelius-Miller
modified Cleaves
Chassard-Lapiné
Lauenstein, Hickey
33
How much is the image receptor tilted from the horizontal for the modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama) projection?
5 to 10 degrees
None. The IR must be keep perpendicular to the tabletop
25 to 30 degrees
15 to 20 degrees
34
The respiration phase for the axiolateral projection of the hip
(Danelius-Miller) is:
inspiration
shallow breathing
expiration
suspended respiration
35
Examine this AP oblique (Judet) image of the right hip obtained with the patient positioned for the internal oblique. What patient position is depicted in this image?
45 degrees LPO
45
degrees RAO
45 degrees RPO
45 degrees LAO
36
Refer to the image. What anatomy is labeled as letter B?
lesser trochanter
iliac crest
acetabulum
femoral head
37
Situation: A patient comes to the ED with a possible pelvic
ring fracture. The initial AP pelvis projection is inconclusive. What other projection can be taken to assist with the diagnosis?
Modified bilateral axiolateral projections
AP, bilateral frog-leg projection
AP axial inlet projection
Posterior oblique positions for SI joints
AP axial inlet projection
38
The image receptor must be placed parallel to the femoral neck for the axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection of the hip.
False
True
39
A radiograph of a right SI joint demonstrates it open and clearly seen. Which of the following positions was performed?
LAO
RPO
LPO
AP
40
The below pectured projection is called the :
Cleaves Method
Bridgeman Method
Taylor Method
Judet Method
41
The radiograph below best demonstrates which area the best:
acetabulum column
ilioischel column
ischeopubic column
iliopubic column
42
A radiograph of an axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection of the hip reveals a soft tissue
artifact seen across the affected hip. This artifact prevents a clear view of the femoral head and neck. What must the technologist do to eliminate this artifact or its effect during the repeat exposure?
Slightly rotate the patient toward the affected side and angle 5 degrees caudad.
Increase the elevation and flexion of the patient’s unaffected leg.
Ensure that the CR is centered to the grid to prevent grid cutoff.
Increase the kV.
Increase the elevation and flexion of the patient’s unaffected leg.
43
Which of the following describes the position of the IR for the axiolateral projection of the hip (Danelius-Miller)?
(1) parallel with the long axis of the femoral neck
(2) its upper border in the crease above the iliac crest
(3) perpendicular to the long axis of the femur
2 and 3
1 and 3
1 and 2
1, 2, and 3
44
Which of the following lateral hip projections cannot be performed
on a trauma patient with a possible hip fracture?
Judet method
Danelius-Miller
Clements-Nakayama
Modified Cleaves method
45
Which of the following methods will demonstrate the hip in a lateral projection?
Danelius-Miller
Cleaves
modified Cleaves
Lauenstein, Hickey
46
Situation: A patient enters the ED with a possible separation of the symphysis pubis due to trauma. The AP pelvis projection is inconclusive for
determining the extent of the injury. What other projection can be taken to evaluate this region?
AP axial “inlet” projection
Axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection
Posterior oblique (Judet) projection
AP axial (Taylor) outlet projection
AP axial (Taylor) outlet projection
47
The proper name of the method used for the unilateral frog-leg projection is the:
Taylor.
Grashey.
modified Cleaves.
Danelius-Miller.
48
Which of the following projections can be performed with one exposure if a compensating filter is used?
axiolateral hip (Danelius-Miller method)
AP hip
AP oblique acetabulum (Judet method)
AP oblique ilium
axiolateral hip (Danelius-Miller method)
49
The radiograph below best demonstrates which area the best:
ischeopubic column
iliopubic column
ilioischel column
acetabulum column
50
Refer to the image. What projection (method) is demonstrated?
mediolateral (Lauenstein)
AP oblique (modified
Cleaves)
axiolateral (Danelius-Miller)
AP oblique (Judet)
axiolateral (Danelius-Miller)
51
A radiograph of an axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection reveals that there is an excessive amount of grid lines present. A 6:1 linear grid was used. Which of the following points will correct this problem on the repeat exposure?
Keep the image receptor perpendicular to the femoral neck.
Decrease the SID.
Keep the image
receptor parallel to the femoral neck.
Use a screen rather than a grid.
Keep the image receptor parallel to the femoral neck.
52
Refer to the image. What positioning error is evident?
The knees were not flexed to reduce lordotic curve.
The lower limbs were
not externally rotated.
None. This image meets all evaluation criteria.
The lower limbs were not internally rotated
The lower limbs were not internally rotated
53
The following projection is being demonstrated in the image below :
Acetabulum Projection
Outlet Projection
Inlet Projection
Ilium Projection
54
Which of the following bony structures cannot be palpated?
ASIS
Symphysis pubis
Ischial spine
Ischial tuberosity
55
Situation: A patient enters the ED with possible bilateral fractured hips. Which of the following routines should be performed?
AP pelvis and axiolateral (inferosuperior) projections for both hips
AP pelvis and bilateral frog-leg
projections
AP pelvis and posterior oblique (Judet) projections
AP pelvis and modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama method) projections for both hips
AP pelvis and modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama method) projections for both hips
56
The following projection is being demonstrated in the image below :
Clements-Nakayama Projection
Judet Projection Projection
Bridgeman Method Projection
Taylor Method Projection
57
Which of the following devices are necessary to perform an axiolateral projection of the hip (Danelius-Miller)?
(1) sandbags
(2) leg support device
(3) vertical IR holder
2 and 3
1 and 3
1 and 2
1, 2, and 3
58
Where is the central ray directed for
the AP oblique projection (modified Cleaves) of the femoral necks?
1 inch inferior to the pubic symphysis
at the pubic symphysis
2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis
1 inch superior to the pubic symphysis
1 inch superior to the pubic symphysis
59
In the below illustration, the Right acetabulum is demonstated in the which of the follolwing
None of the above
Internal Oblique Position
Exteranl Oblique Position
Neutral Oblique Position
Internal Oblique Position
60
Which of the following projections provides the greatest amount of gonadal dose for a male patient (without the use of shielding)?
AP hip projection
Axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection
AP bilateral
frog-leg (modified Cleaves) projection
AP pelvis projection
Axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection
61
The below pictured projection is called the :
Taylor Method
Bridgeman Method
Judet Method
Cleaves Method
62
Which of the
following positions will best demonstrate the superior and posterior rim of the acetabulum?
AP axial (Taylor method)
Posterior oblique (Judet method)
Modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama method)
RPO and LPO projections
Posterior oblique (Judet method)
63
Refer to the image. What anatomy is labeled as letter C?
femoral neck
acetabulum
iliac crest
femoral head
64
The AP axial projection (Bridgeman method) requires the central ray be directed:
40 degrees caudad
20 to 35 degrees caudad for males; 30 to 45 degrees caudad for females
perpendicular
40 degrees cephalad
65
What is the central-ray entrance point for the AP oblique projection (Judet method) of the
acetabulum?
2 inches inferior to the ASIS
3 inches superior to the ASIS
3 inches inferior to the ASIS
2 inches superior to the ASIS
2 inches inferior to the ASIS
66
Which part of the acetabulum is being best demonstrated ?
Anterior rim of the
acetabulum
Posterior rim of the acetabulum
Posterior rim of the acetabulum
67
The use of the 80 kV technique (as opposed to 90) with a corresponding mAs change for an AP pelvis projection will result in higher contrast but will have what effect on the male and female gonadal dose?
Will reduce dose by 10% to 15%
Will reduce dose by 20% to 30%
Will increase dose by 20% to 30%
None of the above; difference is not
measurable
Will increase dose by 20% to 30%
68
Which part of the acetabulum is being best demonstrated ?
Anterior rim of the acetabulum
Posterior rim of the acetabulm
Anterior rim of the acetabulum
69
During a
repeat study of the AP axial (Taylor) outlet projection, both obturator foramina are symmetric but foreshortened. Which of the following positioning modifications must be performed to correct this error?
Correct for rotation.
Use a perpendicular CR.
Increase the cephalic CR angulation.
Increase the caudal CR angulation.
Increase the cephalic CR angulation.
70
What CR angle must be used for an AP axial (Taylor method) “outlet”
projection for a male patient?
15 to 20 degrees cephalad
20 to 35 degrees cephalad
20 to 35 degrees caudad
0 degrees (CR perpendicular to the image receptor)
20 to 35 degrees cephalad
71
The radiograph below best demonstrates the Right hip in which of the following
None of the above
Exteranl Oblique Position
Internal Oblique Position
Neutral Oblique Position
Exteranl Oblique Position
72
A radiograph of an AP pelvis reveals that the lesser trochanters are not visualized. This pelvis projection was performed for nontraumatic reasons. What should the technologist do (if anything) to correct this on the repeat exposure?
Do nothing. Accept the radiograph and don’t
repeat the exposure.
Ensure that the ASIS is an equal distance from the tabletop.
Angle the CR 10 to 15 degrees cephalad.
Rotate the lower limbs more internally.
Do nothing. Accept the radiograph and don’t repeat the exposure.
73
The lesser sciatic notch is an aspect of the:
sacrum.
ilium.
ischium.
pubis.
74
Which of the following projections would be best for a patient with trauma to both
proximal femurs (in addition to the AP pelvis)?
Modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama)
Axiolateral (inferosuperior)
Anterior oblique (Teufel)
AP axial (Taylor)
Modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama)
75
How much obliquity of the body is required for posterior oblique positions for the sacroiliac joints?
10 to 15 degrees
45 degrees
25 to 30 degrees
60 to 70 degrees
76
The letter A on the illustration below identifies the :
iliopubic column
ischelpubic column
acetabulum column
ilioischel column
77
The LPO position for sacroiliac joints will best demonstrate the right joint.
True
False
78
Situation: A patient enters ED
with a possible pelvic ring fracture due to a MVA. The initial pelvis projections do not reveal any fracture or dislocation, but the ED physician is concerned about a possible right acetabular fracture. Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the right acetabulum?
Axiolateral inferosuperior projection (Danelius-Miller method)
AP axial inlet projection
Modified axiolateral projection (Clements-Nakayama method)
Posterior oblique pelvis projection (Judet method)
Posterior oblique pelvis projection (Judet method)
79
Only a small part of the lesser trochanter, if any, will be visible on a well-positioned axiolateral (inferosuperior) lateral hip.
True
False
80
The external oblique position of the AP oblique projection (Judet method) demonstrates the:
ilioischial column and anterior rim of acetabulum
iliopubic column and posterior rim of acetabulum
iliopubic column and
anterior rim of acetabulum
ilioischial column and posterior rim of acetabulum
ilioischial column and anterior rim of acetabulum
81
Refer to the image. What anatomy is labeled as letter A?
greater trochanter
femoral neck
femoral head
acetabulum