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lower limb positioning
The fibula articulates with the tibia at the? | distal end of the proximal end |
how many bones are in the foot? | 26 |
The CR is directed where for an AP or axial projection of the foot? | base of the 3rd metatarsal |
What lateral projection of the foot is the most commonly performed? | mediolateral (lateral recumbent position) |
Where should the CT enter on an AP projection of the ankle? | midway between the malleoli and ankle joint |
What is the 2nd largest tarsal bone? | talus |
To prevent lateral rotation how should the foot be positioned for a lateral projection of the ankle? | dorsiflexion |
Which method best demonstrates the patella in tangential projection? | settegast |
Which projection will clearly demonstrate the joint spaces between the talus and both malleoli? | AP oblique, 15-20 degrees, internal rotation |
What is the most commonly performed projection of the foot? | AP oblique in medial rotation |
How much should the leg be flexed for a lateral projection of the knee? | 20-30 degrees |
What projections of the ankle are performed on a patient following an inversion or eversian injury? | AP stress study |
For a lateral projection of the ankle, where should the CR enter? | perpendicular to the ankle joint at the medial malleus or lateral malleus |
What is not clearly demonstrated on an AP projection of the ankle? | ankle mortise |
The essential projections of the calcaneous are? | axial (plantdorsal) lateral (mediolateral) |
The CR angle for a lateral projection of the ankle? | zero |
When the knee is properly positioned for an AP projection, the patella will lie? | slightly to the medial side |
The inferior aspect of the foot is termed? | plantar surface |
How is the CR directed for the PA axial projection (Holmblad method) of the incondylar fossa? | perpendicular to the lower leg |
What must be rotated for all oblique projections of the ankle? | leg and foot |
The largest and strongest tarsal bone? | calcaneous |
What is the position of the femoral condyles when the leg is properly positioned for an AP projection? | parallel to the IR |
Which projections of the foot will best demonstrate the structural status of the longitudinal arch? | lateral wt bearing |
To demonstrate the ankle mortise, the leg and foot should be rotated? and how many degrees? | medially, 15-20 degrees |
For a lateral projection of the foot, the CR should be directed to the? | base of the 3rd metatarsal |
Which position will clearly demonstrate the cuboid? | AP oblique, medial rotation |
Which specific projections of the ankle are performed to diagnose a tear of the medial or lateral ligament? | AP eversion stress AP inversion stress |
Valgus and varus deformities of the knee can be evaluated with what projections? | AP bilateral wt bearing |
Where is the CR directed for an AP projection of the knee? | 1/2" below the patellar apex |
How many tarsal bones are in the foot? | 7 |
What is the 2nd largest bone in the body? | tibia |
Which structures form the ankle mortise? | lateral malleous of the fibula, medial malleolus of the tibia, inferior surface of the tibia |
largest bone in the body? | femur |
Often the leg is too long to fit on one IR, which joint(s) should be included on the IR when the site of the lesion is known? | the joint closest to the lesion |
What situation will ensure that the knee is in proper position for a lateral projection? | epicondyles are perpendicular to the IR, Patella is perpendicular the the IR, leg is flexed 20-30 degrees. |
How far should the IR extend beyond the ankle or knee joint for an AP projection of the leg? | 1.5" |
For an AP projection of the knee, the limb is rotated? | 45 degrees |
Which joint(s) should be clearly demonstrated on a lateral projection of the leg? | knee and ankle |
Where does the CR enter the knee for a lateral projection of the patella? | through the patellofemoral joint space |
Which position is the patient placed in for a PA projection of the patella? | prone |
How many degrees of angulation are required to open the interphalangeal joint spaces of the otes on an AP projection? | 15 degrees |
Where will the fibula be located on a properly positioned lateral radiograph of the ankle? | over the posterior half of the tibia |
how many metatarsal bones are there? | 5 |
What is the CR angle for a PA projection of the patella? | zero |
How much is the knee flexed for a lateral projection of the patella? | 5-10 degrees |
What methods are used to demonstrate the incondylar fossa? | Homblad (PA axial) and Camp-coventry PA axial |
The CR angulation for an AP oblique projection of the toes? | zero |
Where should the CR be directed for a PA projection of the patella? | midpoplital area |
The CR angulation for a lateral projection of the knee is? | 5-7 cephalad |
What is the CR angle for a lateral projection of the patella? | zero |
How many phalanges are in the big toe? | 2 |
In order to place the patella parallel with the lane of the IR for a PA projection, the heel must be rotated? | 5-10 degrees laterally |
How many phalanges are in the foot? | 14 |
What tarsal bone is located between the talus and cuneiforms? | navicular |
Name the tarsal bones that articulate with the metatarsals? | cuneifomrs and cuboid |
Which metatarsal has a tuberosity that is prominent at its base? | 5th metatarsal |
What other term refers to the tibial spine? | intercondylar eminence |
Which tibial condyle has a facet for articulation with the head of the fibula? | lateral |
Name the large bony process that extends both medially and inferior from the distal end of the tibia? | medial malleolus |
Articulations of the tibia? | femoraltibial, proximal tibiofibular, distal tibiofibular tibiotalor |
How many degrees of rotation are needed to properly rotate the foot for the AP oblique projection of the toes? | 30-45 degrees |
What other term refers to the AP projection of the foot? | dorsoplantar |
The plantodrosal projection refers to the? | axial projection |
Which projection of the calcaneus, axial or lateral, best demonstrates the sinus tarsi? | lateral |
the ankle joint is formed by articulations between? | lateral melleolus of the fibula inferior surface of the tibia medial malleolus of the tibia |
where do the talus and calcaneus articulate? | subtalar joint |
known as the anterior border of the tibia? | crest |
what is the large process at the distal end of the tibia? | medial malleolus |
what are the two prominent processes on the proximal end of the tibia? | condyles |
two peaklike processes arising from the intercondylar eminence? | tubercles |
sharp projection between the two superior articular surfaces? | intercondylar eminence |
how many interphalanegeal articulations does one foot have? | 9 |
what type of movement do the interphalangeal joints permit? | flexion and extentsion |
how many bones are found in the lower limb? | 30 |
name the lateral bone of the leg? | fibula |
Where should the central ray enter for a lateral projection of the ankle?
arrt prep-rad proc1.
How far should the patient be rolled posteriorly from the lateral position for a lateral projection of the hip that will include the proximal femur?
Include the hip for a projection of the proximal femur. Place the top of the IR at level of the ASIS. Draw the upper limb posteriorly and support it. Adjust the pelvis so that it is rolled posteriorly just enough to prevent superimposition; 10 to 15 degrees from the lateral position is sufficient.
Which surface of the foot should be in contact with the IR for the lateral projection of the foot?
midterm.
Where should the CR be directed for the lateral projection of the calcaneus?
Where should the central ray be directed for the lateral projection of the calcaneus? Toward the midpoint of the calcaneus.