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Patho
Terms in this set (35)
what is a benign neoplasm originating from adipose tissue called
Lipoma
What are malignant neoplasms arising from connective tissue cells called?
sarcomas
Which of the following is a characteristic of a benign tumor
cells appear relatively normal
Which factor provides the basis for the grading of newly diagnosed malignant tumors?
degree of differentiation of the cells
A warning sign of possible cancer would any of the following EXECPT
sudden development of fever, nausea, and diarrhea
the common local effects of an expanding tumor mass include
obstruction of a tube or duct
cells necrosis and ulceration
Which of the following does paraneoplastic syndrome refer to
the effects of substances such as hormones secreted by the tumor cells
which term refers to the spread of malignant cells through blood and lymph to distant sites
metastis
one reason for staging a malignant tumor at the time of diagnosis is to
determine the best treatment and prognosis
the process of carinogenesis usually begins with
an irreversible change in the cell DNA
what would be an external source of ionizing radiation
Gamma rays delivered by a cobalt machine
Radiation therapy destroys
primarily rapidly dividing cells
The most critical adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy are
thrombocytopenia and leucopenia
Chemotherapy usually involves a combination of drugs in order to:
1. reduce the adverse effects.
2. guarantee that all cancer cells are destroyed.
3. be effective in more phases of the cell cycle.
4. totally block the mitotic stage.
reduce the adverse effects.
be effective in more phases of
the cell cycle.
why does over cancer have a poor prognosis
specific signs rarely appear until after secondary tumors have develop
select the correct pair representing a malignant tumor and its marker
colon cancer: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
antiangiogenesis drugs act on a malignant tumor by
reducing blood flow and nutrient supply to tumors cells
the development of neutropenia during chemotherapy for cancer means
the patient is at high risk for infection
malignant brain tumor
spread to other parts of CNS
Identify the common dose-limiting factor for chemotherapy:
bone marrow depression
Glucocorticoids are often prescribed during a course of chemotherapy and radiation because
inflammation around the tumor may be reduced
Vomiting frequently follows a chemotherapy treatment because
The gastrointestinal
tract is irritated
the chemicals stimulate the emetic center
What type of normal cells are often damaged during chemotherapy and radiation treatments?
epithelial cells
Remission for cancer is generally defined as a period in which:
signs and symptoms are absent
all of the following are correct statements about skin cancers EXCEPT
they are difficult to diagnose and treat
High-risk factors for cancer include:
1. human papillomavirus.
2. chronic irritation and inflammation.
3. repeated sun exposure.
4. high family incidence.
all the above
the term apoptosis refers to
programmed cell death
the warning signs of cancer include
1. unusual bleeding
2. change in a wart or mole
3. a new solid lump, often painless
all the above
a classification process that applies to a specific malignant tumor and describes the extent of the disease at a given time is called
staging
benign tumor can often be differentiated from malignant tumors because benign tumors
are encapsulated and slow growing
Benign tumors in the brain are often life-threatening because they:
create excessive pressure within the skull
Drugs or agents that augment the natural immune response in the body to improve identification and removal of abnormal cells are called:
biological response modifiers
the method that can be used as an alternative to surgical removal of a tumor by using heat generated by a needle inserted into the tumor is referred to as
radio-frequency ablation
Staging systems used to classify a malignant tumor at the time of diagnosis are based on which of the following factors?
size of the tumor, involvement of lymph nodes, metastases
on the general effects of a malignant cancer is cachexia, which is
severe tissue wasting
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