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A patient who suffers from renal failure increases his water intake to account for his low urine output. What will happen to his electrolyte balance?
View Available Hint(s)
The excess water will be excreted by his kidneys maintaining the electrolyte balance in his body fluids.
The excess water his kidneys cannot excrete will dilute body fluids and lead to an imbalance in electrolytes.
The excess water the patient drinks will increase the concentration of electrolytes in his extracellular fluid, leading to a balance of electrolytes in his urine.
His kidneys will become concentrated by the loss of water and cause an electrolyte imbalance.
The excess water his kidneys cannot excrete will dilute body fluids and lead to an imbalance in electrolytes.
The bicarbonate ion is an example of a(n) __________.
base
solvent
acid
cation
base
Which of the following dissociates into ions when placed in water?
glucose
nonelectrolyte
starch
electrolyte
electrolyte
Which of the following statements about ECF is correct?
It is found inside cells.
It is made up of fluids such as plasma and interstitial fluid.
It accounts for about 60% of the total body water.
It has the same composition as the ICF.
It is made up of fluids such as plasma and interstitial fluid.
The following represents the main locations fluids are found in the human body. Rank these body fluids in order from the fluid that accounts for most in the human body to the fluid that accounts for the least.
plasma, cytosol (intracellular fluid), interstitial fluid
cytosol (intracellular fluid), plasma, interstitial fluid
interstitial fluid, cytosol (intracellular fluid), plasma
cytosol (intracellular fluid), interstitial fluid, plasma
cytosol (intracellular fluid), interstitial fluid, plasma
Art-based Question Chapter 25 Question 7
...
What is a major function of potassium ions in the body?
activating enzymes
forming hydroxyapatite salts in osseous tissue
repolarization of neurons and muscle cells after action potential
maintaining osmotic pressure in the extracellular fluid (ECF)
repolarization of neurons and muscle cells after action potential
What triggers the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
increasing calcium ion concentration of the blood
decreasing sodium ion concentration of the blood
decreasing calcium ion concentration of the blood
increasing potassium ion concentration of the blood
decreasing calcium ion concentration of the blood
If you double the total amount of Na ions, but you also double the amount of water they are dissolved in, __________.
Na ion concentration will stay the same
Na ion concentration will decrease
Na ion concentration will increase
the concentrations of Na and water will double
Na ion concentration will stay the same
The pH of the blood primarily depends upon a normal concentration of:
magnesium ions.
sodium ions.
hydrogen ions.
calcium ions.
hydrogen ions.
Which hormone influences the concentration of hydrogen ions in the filtrate formed by the kidneys?
vitamin D3 (calcitonin)
parathyroid hormone
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
aldosterone
aldosterone
Hypoventilation is the cause of an acid-base imbalance known as:
respiratory acidosis.
respiratory alkalosis.
metabolic acidosis.
metabolic alkalosis.
respiratory acidosis.
Starvation would cause which of the following acid-base conditions? Also, determine what type of compensation (metabolic or respiratory) there would be.
respiratory alkalosis with metabolic compensation
metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation
respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation
metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation
metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation
Diarrhea can lead to which acid/base disturbance? Assuming compensation, would it be a metabolic or respiratory compensation?
metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation
respiratory alkalosis with metabolic compensation
respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation
metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation
metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation
Emphysema can lead to which acid/base disturbance? What would be the compensation?
respiratory alkalosis; kidneys will retain more H+ and excrete HCO3 −
respiratory acidosis; kidneys will retain more HCO3 − and excrete H+
respiratory acidosis; hyperventilation
metabolic acidosis; hypoventilation by the lungs
respiratory acidosis; kidneys will retain more HCO3 − and excrete H+
Angiotensin-II restores fluid-homeostasis when dehydration occurs due to inadequate fluid intake. Which of the following is NOT an effect of angiotensin-II?
stimulation of aldosterone secretion
stimulation of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion
vasodilation
increase sodium ion reabsorption
vasodilation
The normal hydrogen ion concentration of body fluids is equal to a pH range of about 7.35-7.45.
True
False
true
Predict what might be found in an arterial blood gases test for a patient who has asthma and has been suffering from pneumonia that has worsened over several days and is obstructing his airways.
A patient with pneumonia and asthma is likely to have developed respiratory acidosis that is partially compensated.
A patient with pneumonia and asthma is likely to have developed respiratory alkalosis that is partially compensated.
A patient with pneumonia and asthma is likely to have developed metabolic acidosis that is partially compensated.
A patient with pneumonia and asthma is likely to have developed metabolic alkalosis that is partially compensated.
A patient with pneumonia and asthma is likely to have developed respiratory acidosis that is partially compensated.
If the Pco2 in the plasma increases, what effect will this have on plasma pH?
The pH will increase.
The pH will decrease.
The pH will remain the same.
Pco2 has no effect on pH.
The pH will decrease.
What effect does an increase in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have on the volume of extracellular fluid (ECF)?
ECF increases when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is present.
ECF increases initially, and then decreases when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is present.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) has no effect on ECF.
ECF decreases when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is present
ECF increases when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is present.
Increased water volume causes the hydrostatic pressure in plasma to increase and the osmotic pressure to decrease; as a result, water will __________.
move from the ICF to the ECF
move from the ECF to the ICF
move from the interstitial fluid to the plasma
not move in any of the listed directions
move from the ECF to the ICF
Water loss from the body that we do not notice is known as:
nonsense water loss.
obligatory water loss.
sensible water loss.
insensible water loss
insensible water loss
Hyperventilation is the compensation for an acid-base imbalance known as:
respiratory acidosis.
metabolic acidosis.
respiratory alkalosis.
metabolic alkalosis.
metabolic acidosis.
What leads to metabolic alkalosis?
prolonged vomiting and the loss of acidic stomach contents
diabetic ketoacidosis in which excess acids are produced
visiting a high altitude location
prolonged diarrhea in which bicarbonate ions are lost in the feces
prolonged vomiting and the loss of acidic stomach contents
The most common cause of this electrolyte imbalance is dehydration.
hyperkalemia
hypercalcemia
hypokalemia
hypernatremia
hyponatremia
hypernatremia
This electrolyte imbalance is normally caused by hyperparathyroidism.
hypernatremia
hyponatremia
hypokalemia
hyperkalemia
hypercalcemia
hypercalcemia
This electrolyte imbalance is caused by an abnormal decrease in the plasma sodium ion concentration.
hyperkalemia
hypernatremia
hypercalcemia
hypokalemia
hyponatremia
hyponatremia
This electrolyte imbalance can be caused by renal failure, aldosterone insufficiency, cellular destruction from severe burns or trauma, and accidental administration or ingestion of excess potassium salts.
hypokalemia
hypercalcemia
hyponatremia
hyperkalemia
hypernatremia
hyperkalemia
This electrolyte imbalance is normally caused by diuretics.
hypernatremia
hyponatremia
hyperkalemia
hypokalemia
hypercalcemia
hypokalemia
What would occur if the response to dehydration were regulated by a positive feedback loop rather than a negative feedback loop?
View Available Hint(s)
After fluid balance was restored, the response would continue, leading to overhydration and other electrolyte and pH imbalances.
The fluid balance would not be restored due to electrolytes being secreted continuously, leading to cellular death.
The amount of water will be restored; however blood volume and blood pressure will not be restored due to low sodium ion secretion.
Secretion of angiotensin-II will continue but ADH and aldosterone will decrease in secretion, leading to electrolyte and pH balance.
After fluid balance was restored, the response would continue, leading to overhydration and other electrolyte and pH imbalances.