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Co-ordination: Co-ordination refers to the orderly arrangement of group efforts to provide unity of actions in order to achieve common goals. It is known as the essence of Management process.
Co-ordination integrates group efforts: Co-ordination is an orderly arrangement of group efforts not an individual effort. Co-ordination is not required when the entire job is performed by an individual. Thus, co-ordination is needed when many individuals are working together, who came from different background and have different methods of working. Co-ordination unifies their diverse activities and gives a common focus to the group efforts.
Co-ordination ensures unity of action: The aim of co-ordination is to achieve unity of actions of different individuals. It acts as the binding force between the department and ensures that all efforts are focused towards achieving common organisational objectives.
Coordination refers to the orderly arrangement of group efforts to provide unity of actions in order to achieve common goals. It is known as the essence of Management process. Coordination Integrates Group Efforts Coordination is an orderly arrangement of group efforts and not an individual effort. Coordination is not
required when the entire job is performed by an individual. Thus, Coordination is needed when many individuals are working together, who came from different backgrounds and have different methods of working. Coordination unifies their diverse activities and gives a common focus to the group efforts. Coordination Ensures Unity of Action The aim of Coordination is to achieve unity of actions of different individuals. It acts as the binding force between the
departments and ensures that all efforts are focused towards achieving common organisational objectives.
What is ‘coordination’? How it ‘integrates group efforts’ and ‘ensures unity of action’?
Coordination is the essence of management for the achievement of harmony of individual efforts towards the accomplishment of group goals. It is an orderly synchronisation of individual efforts in a proper manner that the organisational efforts can be achieved efficiently and effectively.
Integrates group efforts: The concept of coordination
always applies to group efforts. There is no need for coordination when only single individual is working. The need for orderliness, integration arises only when more individuals are working as different individuals come from different backgrounds, have different styles of working so there is need to unify their efforts in common direction.
Ensures unity of action: Coordination always emphasises on unifying the actions of different individuals.. The main aim of every manager
is to coordinate the activities and functions of all individuals to common goal.
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Management is considered to be both an art and science. Explain.
(a) Management as a Social Science:
In order to find out whether management is science or not, it is important to apply thefollowing characteristics of science to management:
(i) Systematised Body of Knowledge: It is necessary for science to be a systematised bodyof knowledge. Management is also a systematised body of knowledge because it has its owntheory and principles which are developed by the management experts after years ofresearch.
(ii) Principles Based on Experimentation: After applying this characteristic of science tomanagement, we find that development of management took years for the collection offacts, their analysis and experiments. In other words, management came into existencebecause of the continuous and encouraging labour of the theorists and various peopleconcerned.
(iii) Universal Validity: Scientific principles are based on truth and they can be applied atevery time and in every situation. Thus, its universal application is possible. In the field of management too, managerial knowledge and principles of management are considered to be based on truth and they, too, can be applied anywhere and in every situation. But the principles of management are not as exact as the principles of
science as their application may not yield the desired results always.
The subject matter of management is 'human being' who is an intelligent and sensitive being andwhose behaviour or conduct changes according to the changing situations. Therefore, nopermanent principles like the principles of physics and chemistry can be enunciated in relation tohis conduct or behaviour. That is why, the management is known as a social science and not theperfect science.
(b) Management as an Art: Management is an art as it contains the following features of art:
i) Existence of Theoretical Knowledge: Art is always based on certain theoreticalknowledge. On the basis of this knowledge one can understand how a particular work can beaccomplished. In this context management is an art as a lot of literature isavailable in various areas of management.
(ii) Personalised Application: The use of available theoretical knowledge is found in varyingdegree among different persons. For example, two teachers, two players, or two goldsmithswill always differ in performing their jobs. Management possesses this feature of arttoo. There are various principles of management as developed by management experts.Managers apply these principles differently depending on their level of knowledge.Sometimes they may get exactly opposite results while applying the same principles.
(iii) Based on Practice and Creativity: Just as art can be embellished with the help ofpractice, in the same way managerial skill also improves with practice. Every manager has adesire to become a complete expert in his field. They can fulfil his desire by continuouspractice. A fully developed manager not only moulds the organisation according to thechanging circumstances but also has the capacity to change the outer circumstancesaccording to his will. Thus, management possesses this feature of art too.
The above analysis clearly establishes that management possesses all the characteristics of artand on this very basis it has been accepted as an art.
Conclusion: Therefore, we can say that management is both a social science as well as an art.
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Define management.
According to Harold Koontz, 'Management is the art of getting things done through others and with formally organised groups.' This definition of management reveals that:
(i) Management is an art.
(ii) Management is getting results successfully.
(iii ) Management is getting things done through others,
(iv) Management is getting things done with others.
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Management is the process of conducting a set of functions - planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling to get the work done in an efficient and effective manner.102 Views
Name any two important characteristics of management.
(i) Management is a Goal Oriented Process
(ii) Management is all Pervasive
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Do you think management has the characteristics of ar full-fledged profession?
No, the management does not fulfil all the characteristics of a full-fledged profession. It does fulfilsome of the conditions of profession but still lacks some other conditions of a profession. To findthe answer to this query the following analysis is important:
(i) Well Defined Body of Knowledge: The foremost quality of a professional is thepossession of specialised knowledge. Management has its own principles based onexperiments and which requires special competence to bring them into use. On the basis ofthis speciality, management can be accepted as a profession.
(ii) Restricted Entry: The entry to a profession is restricted through acquiring an educationaldegree. For example, a degree in Law is essential for joining the Law profession. But as far asthe management is concerned there is no such condition for being a manager. Hence, onthis basis, management cannot be accepted as a profession.
(iii) Professional Association: The third characteristic of profession is that it must have arepresentative professional association which performs the following important functions:(i) To regulate entry, (ii) To grant certificate of practice, and (iii) To create a code of conductfor guiding the activities of the profession.
In India, Representative Professional Associations with regard to other professions havealready been established. There are representative professional associations like the BarCouncil of India for Lawyers; Medical Council of India for Doctors; Institute ofChartered Accountants for Chartered Accountants, etc. For managers, All India
Management Association (A1MA) has been established. But it is not essential to be amember of the AIMA in order to be a manager. Therefore, on this basis, managementcannot be accepted as a profession.
(iv) Ethical Code of Conduct: Members of a profession are bound to follow a code ofconduct. By Code of Conduct, we mean the rules and regulations framed to guide thebehaviour of professionals. The code of conduct of already recognised professions like Law,Medical and Chartered Accountant, etc. have already been prescribed but no suchcode of conduct has been laid down in connection with management. On this basis it can beasserted that management is not at all a profession.
(v) Service Motive: The main motive of a profession is to serve the society. For example, nodoubt a doctor follows his profession for his living but to ensure that his patients get justicehappens to be his chief motive. Though there is no code of conduct regarding managementbut its social responsibilities are being stressed upon increasingly. From this point of view,there should not be any hesitation to accept management as a profession.
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