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What alteration contributes to atherosclerosis?
Atherosclerosis: Arterial Disease. Atherosclerosis is a hardening of your arteries caused by gradual plaque buildup. Risk factors include high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, obesity, lack of exercise and a diet high in saturated fat.
What happens when endothelial cells are damaged?
If the endothelium becomes damaged and the NO levels become imbalanced, cells that should remain in the blood can pass through blood vessels into the adjacent body tissue. Some of these proteins include C - reactive protein, which is produced by the liver and causes inflammation 18.
What causes endothelial injury in atherosclerosis?
Endothelial dysfunction is associated with a decrease of nitric oxide and an increase of oxidative stress, an important promotor of the inflammatory process [6, 7] Risk factors, either acute (infection, immune local reaction) or permanent (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipemia, obesity, hyperhomocysteinemia, smoking, etc) ...
What happens to endothelial cells in atherosclerosis?
Endothelial cells (ECs) line all blood vessels and are critical mediators of inflammatory responses. In the setting of atherosclerosis, ECs become chronically activated through a combination of turbulent blood flow, lipid accumulation in the vessel wall and exposure to inflammatory mediators (for example, IL-1β)1.