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Terms in this set (43)
Which one of the following would be considered a preexamination/preanalytical error?
Under filling the aliquot container
Which blood specimen would be chilled during a 45-minute transport?
Blood gases
Which blood specimen should be kept warm during transport to the laboratory?
Cold agglutinins
Which of the following analyses should be protected from light?
Porphyrins
Which analyte is photosensitive?
Bilirubin
Which of the following practices will likely cause hemolysis?
Shaking the tube to mix the contents
After blood collection, when should plasma be centrifuged?
As soon as possible
Serum should be removed from blood cells after which time period?
120 minutes
A specimen should be protected from light for which of the following determinations?
Bilirubin concentration
A specimen should be chilled for which of the following analyses if there is a significant deliver delay?
Complete blood count
A portion of a blood sample that has been removed/separated from the primary specimen tube.
Aliquot
A laboratory result that indicates a pathophysiologic state at such variance with normal as to be life threatening; these values should be defined and reported to the patient's physician as soon as possible. Also called the "panic value."
Critical laboratory value
Sensitivity to light; photosensitive substances will decompose after exposure to bright light. Ex: bilirubin
Photosensitive
Transportation system used in many health care facilities for specimens and paper-based documentation. Considerations for use of these systems involves evaluation of speed, distance, control mechanisms, shock absorbency, sizes of carriers, and breakage/ spillage rates.
Pneumatic tube system
Describes a substance that is sensitive to higher temperatures; specimens being tested for these substances need to be chilled immediately.
Thermolabile
The time it takes for a blood specimen to be ordered, collected, transported, processed, analyzed, and a result reported.
Turnaround time (TAT)
An emergency or critical situation that requires immediate action; in the case of blood collection and analysis. Should be given the highest priority for collection, delivery to lab, analysis, and reporting.
STAT
What are two specimens that need chilling?
1. Ammonia
2. Lactic Acid
What are 3 specimens that require heating?
1. Cold agglutinins
2. Cryofribinogen
3. Cryoglobulins
What are two specimens that are photosensitive?
1. Bilirubin
2. Vitamin A
Made by immune system when infection is present the RBC's will clump together at low temperatures.
Cold Agglutinins
Abnormal proteins.
Cryoglobulins
What are 3 methods of delivery?
1. Hand delivery
2. Pneumatic Tube system
3. Automated carrier
Require guidelines for timeliness, may have log sheet for specimens, may have special transport containers.
Hand delivery
Systems that propels cylindrical containers through a network of tubes by compressed air.
Pneumatic Tube System
Requires more room than tube system. Consists of small container car attached to a network of tracks that is routed to appropriate site, such as lab or nursing station. Usually over head in ceiling tiles.
Automated carrier
Regulates and monitors specimen and biological shipments in U.S.
Department of Transportation
Established guidelines to promote safety and security for shipping biohazardous specimens.
CDC
Can cause permanent disability , life threatening, or a fatal disease if exposed by healthy person, animal. Exposure occurs when infectious substance is released from protective package, physical contact is then made.
Category A
Will not usually cause permanent disability or life threatening, or fatal if exposed to it. Substances are being transported for diagnostic or investigation.
Category B
Material that is suspected of containing a pathogen.
Infectious substances
What are three specimens that do not need to be centrifuged?
Hematology test:
1. RBC
2. Reticulocyte counts
3. Platelets counts
How specimen is handled after drawing the blood and before it goes into the centrifuge.
Precentrifugation
(with anticoagulants), centrifuged immediately.
Plasma specimens
(without anticoagulants) need 30-60 minutes to
clot at room temperature.
Serum specimens
Causes specimen to rotate at high speeds, causes heavier elements to sink to the bottom of tube, lighter elements stay on top of the tube. (time and speed are critical)
Centrifugation
After centrifugation, prior to removing serum/plasma from cells.
Postcentrifugation
If testing is not completed within in 48 hours, what should you do with the specimen?
Freeze it
_______________ and __________ state that lab results should be confirmed, dated, have a permanent report and be on patients permanent medical record.
Joint commission and CAP
Also states reports include patient ID, date and hour test was completed and be signed off by lab personnel doing procedure.
CAP
This type of report is done for STAT results and critical values.
Verbal report
Most common is horizontal and fixed, allows for spinning gel tubes in a horizontal rotor, will have a flat gel barrier, preferable for chemistry testing.
Rotor centrifuge
Revolutions per minute (RPM)
Spin time
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