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Terms in this set (29)
Religion
A set of beliefs based on a unique vision of how the world ought to be, often revealed through insights into a supernatural power and lived out in a community
Martyr
A person who sacrifices his or her life for the sake of religion
Saint
An individual who is considered exceptionally close to God and is exalted after death
Sacred
Anything that is considered holy
Profane
Anything that is considered not holy
Ritual
An act or series of acts regularly repeated over years or generations that embody the beliefs of a group of people and create a sense of continuity and belonging
Rite of Passage
A category of ritual that enacts a change of status from one life stage to another, either for an individual or a group
ex: a Bemba chisungu, a wedding, a college graduation
ceremony
Liminality
One stage in a rite of passage during which a ritual participant experiences a period of outsider hood, set apart from normal society, that is key to achieving a new perspective on the past, future, and current community
Communitas
A sense of camaraderie, a common vision of what constitutes a good life, and a commitment to take social action to move toward achieving this vision that is shaped by the common experience of rites of passage
Pilgrimage
A religious journey to a sacred place as a sign of devotion and in search of transformation and enlightenment
Cultural Materialism
A theory that argues that material conditions, including
technology, determine patterns of social organization, including religious principles
ex: Cows are sacred in India because eating them would reduce the number of beasts of burden available to the country's farmers
Shaman
A part-time religious practitioner with special abilities to connect individuals with supernatural powers or beings
derives from the name given to healing specialists among the seminomadic
people of Siberia
Magic
The use of spells, incantations, words, and actions in an attempt to compel supernatural forces to act in certain ways, whether for good or for evil
Imitative Magic
A ritual performance that achieves efficacy by imitating the desired magical result
ex: A pin in a voodoo doll will cause a person to
experience pain in the pin's location
ex: Fake money is burned to ensure that a recently deceased person has plenty of money to spend in the afterlife.
Contagious Magic
Ritual words or performances that achieve efficiency as certain materials that come into contact with one person carry a magical connection that allows power to be transferred from person to person
ex: A rabbit's foot brings good fortune to
its possessor.
ex: Chiefly status in Polynesia is explained through the assertion that the chief possesses great qualities of a sacred force known as mana.
Symbol
Anything that signifies something else
Authorizing process
The complex historical and social developments through which symbols are given power and meaning
Buddhist Monks
Chapter 15 begins by highlighting the role of which of the following groups in revitalizing a 2006 movement against the standing government in Myanmar?
power
Karl Marx famously referred to religion as "the opiate of the masses." In so doing, he was investigating the intersection of religion and which of the following aspects of human culture?
globalization affects religion
Religious belief becomes less and less important over time., Travel broadens the encounters of people of different faiths., Information about different religious beliefs is more readily available.
phases in a rite of passage
separation, liminality,
incorporation
Victor Turner
Anthropologist study what about human religious practice
which aspects of globalization are causing change in religious beliefs, how religious beliefs affect other aspects of human behavior and belief
Muslim, Catholic, Buddhist
Religious groups that are growing in number of adherents in the United States
Anomie
an alienation that individuals experience when
faced with physical dislocation and the disruption of their social networks and
group values
Max Weber
Who posited that "as society became more rationalized, it also risked becoming more secular-less religious-and thus losing the very spirit that had driven its
success and development"
Secularization thesis
protestant ethic
Emile Durkheim
Sacred vs profane
ritual as collective action
anomie
Karl Marx
religion as the opiate of the masses
sees religion as satisfying people by doesn't improve their lives
Marvin Harris
his idea was cultural materialism
raising cattle takes a lot of grain and then eat them-waste of time
Secularization Thesis
as people become more modern and civilized they become more rational in throughout and less prone to superstition and religion
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Verified questions
SOCIOLOGY
Using the concept of victim discounting, explain why lower-class criminals are usually punished more severely than white-collar criminals for the same crime.
Verified answer
SOCIOLOGY
large trucks can be ___________ times longer than passenger cars
Verified answer
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Verified answer
SOCIOLOGY
A recent documentary examined a suburb in the Midwest where the racial balance had gradually changed from mostly African American. Even though statistics proved that school scores has not dropped and government services remained the same, the perception was that property values had declined. What do you think was responsible for this perception?
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According to Sharpe, even if "science" swept "religion" away, which problem would not disappear?
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