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Which of the following is the last step in the rational decision-making process?
Considering possible courses of action
Identifying the objectives and goals
Defining a problem or opportunity
Choosing the optimal decision
Choosing the optimal decision
Which of the following statements describes bounded rationality?
A set of constraints that tend to complicate the rational decision-making process
The act of choosing a solution that is good enough
The process of identifying issues and making choices
from alternative courses of action
Insights that are tapped through intuition and are not always fully understood by the decision maker
A set of constraints that tend to complicate the rational decision-making process
Satisficing refers to:
the act of making simple and irrational decisions.
the act of choosing a solution that is good enough.
the act of making decisions within a set of constraints.
the act of making decisions based on a certain starting point.
the act of choosing a solution that is good enough.
Under ________ , individuals have information related to an organization's objectives and priorities, but they do not have complete information about alternative courses of action or about the possible outcomes for each one.
conditions of risk
conditions of certainty
conditions of satisficing
conditions of uncertainty
conditions of uncertainty
Which of the following heuristics contends that individuals make estimates or choices based on a certain starting point?
Adjustment
Availability
Representativeness
Confirmation
Adjustment
Which of the following statements best describes framing?
Short-cuts that individuals use to save time when making complex decisions
The tendency to favor the "here and now" and to reject potential change
Alternative presentations of the same information that can significantly alter a decision
The act of choosing a solution that is good enough in situations that are characterized by uncertainty and risk
Alternative presentations of the same information that can significantly alter a decision
Which of the following refers to the tendency to favor the "here and now" and to reject potential change?
Satisficing
Status
quo bias
Framing
Bounded rationality
Status quo bias
________ refers to the process of making decisions based on societal norms or expectations.
Appropriateness framework
Bounded rationality
Escalation of commitment
Intuitive decision making
Appropriateness framework
Decisions that are made in response to novel, poorly defined situations that require managers to use their best judgments are referred to as ________ decisions.
suboptimal
structured
irrational
nonprogrammed
nonprogrammed
Which of the following statements about programmed decisions is true?
Programmed decisions are usually made under conditions of risk and uncertainty.
Programmed decisions generally require a manager to execute.
Programmed decisions are made in response to recurring organizational problems.
Programmed decisions typically require social consensus.
Programmed decisions are made in response to recurring organizational problems.
The ________ model of decision making acknowledges that managers may be unable to make economically rational decisions even if they want to because they lack sufficient information on which to base their decisions.
administrative
garbage can
classical
political
administrative
The ________ model of decision making acknowledges that most organizational decisions involve many managers who have different goals and who have to share information to reach an agreement.
administrative
classical
garbage can
political
political
While preparing for tough calls using SCRIPTS process, managers should first:
consider the time frame.
solve the problem.
search for signals of threats.
find the causes.
search for signals of threats.
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