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As the seventeenth century wore on, regional differences continued to crystalize, most notably
A) the use of indentured servants.
B) loyalty to England.
C) the continuing rigidity of Puritanism.
D) the breaking of the Atlanta economy.
E) the importance
of slave labor in the south.
E
The population of the Chesapeake colonies throughout the first half of the seventeenth century was notable for its
A) fast growth rate.
B) scarcity of women.
C) low death rate.
D) stable family life.
E) large percentage of middle aged men.
B
In the seventeenth century, due to a high death rate families were both few and fragile in
A) New England.
B) the Chesapeake colonies.
C) the middle colonies.
D) Georgia.
E) Florida
B
During the seventeenth century, indentured servitude solved the labor problem in many English colonies for all of the following reasons except that
A) the Indian population proved to be an unreliable work force because they died in such large
numbers.
B) African slaves cost too much money.
C) in some areas families formed too slowly.
D) Spain had stopped sending slaves to its New World colonies.
E) families procreated too slowly.
D
The "headright" system, which made some people very wealthy, consisted of
A) using Indians as forced labor.
B) giving land to indentured servants to get them to come to the New World.
C) giving the
right to acquire fifty acres of land to the person paying the passage of a laborer to America.
D) discouraging the importation of indentured servants to America.
E) giving a father's wealth to the oldest son.
C
By 1700, the most populous colony in English America was
A) Massachusetts.
B) Virginia.
C) New York.
D) Pennsylvania.
E) Maryland.
B
Seventeenth-century colonial tobacco growers usually responded to depressed prices for their crop by
A) selling slaves to reduce productive labor.
B) selling land to reduce their volume of production.
C) growing more tobacco to increase their volume of production.
D) planting corn and wheat instead of tobacco.
E) releasing unneeded indentured servants early.
C
For their labor in the colonies indentured servants received all of the following except
A) passage to America.
B) a suit of clothes.
C) a few barrels of corn.
D) a headright.
E) at times a small parcel of land.
D
__________ reaped the greatest benefit from the land policies of the "headright" system.
A) Indentured servants
B) African slaves
C) Merchant planters
D) New England
colonists
E) Slave owners
C
English yeomen who agreed to exchange their labor temporarily in return for payment of their passage to an American colony were called
A) headrights.
B) burgesses.
C) indentured servants.
D) slaves.
E) birds of passage.
C
Throughout the greater part of the seventeenth century, the Chesapeake colonies acquired most of the labor they needed from
A) African slaves.
B) white servants.
C) captured Indians.
D) West Indian natives.
E) prisoners of war.
B
Most immigrants to the Chesapeake colonies in the seventeenth century came as
A) indentured servants.
B) slaves from Africa.
C) yeomen farmers.
D) urban artisans.
E) refugees from civil war in Europe.
A
Over the course of the seventeenth century, most indentured servants
A) became landowners.
B) devolved into slavery.
C) managed to escape the terms of their contracts.
D) faced increasingly harsh circumstances.
E) saw their wages increase.
D
By the end of the seventeenth century, indentured servants who gained their freedom
A) often gained great wealth as more land opened for settlement.
B) rarely returned to work for their masters.
C) almost always found high-paying jobs in the cities.
D) had little choice but to hire themselves out for low wages to their former masters.
E) often returned to England penniless and broke.
D
Bacon's Rebellion was supported mainly by
A) young men frustrated by their
inability to acquire land.
B) the planter class of Virginia.
C) those protesting the increased importation of African slaves.
D) people from Jamestown only.
E) the local Indians.
A
The immediate reason for Bacon's Rebellion was
A) Indian attacks on frontier settlements.
B) the wealthy planter class losing control of the colony.
C) a shortage of indentured servants.
D) to halt the
importation of African slaves.
E) all of the above.
A
As a result of Bacon's Rebellion,
A) African slavery was reduced.
B) planters began to look for less troublesome laborers.
C) Governor Berkeley was dismissed from office.
D) Nathaniel Bacon was named to head the Virginia militia.
E) better relations developed with local Indians.
B
The majority of African slaves coming to the New World
A) went to English North America.
B) were delivered to South America and the West Indies.
C) came to New England.
D) were brought by the Dutch.
E) died before reaching their destination.
B
After 1680, reliance on slave labor in colonial America rapidly increased because
A) higher wages in England reduced
the number of emigrating servants.
B) planters feared the growing number of landless freemen in the colonies.
C) the British Royal African company lost its monopoly on the slave trade in colonial America.
D) Americans rushed to cash in on slave trade.
E) all of the above.
E
Many of the slaves who reached North America
A) came from eastern Africa.
B) were originally captured by African
coastal tribes.
C) were captured in southern Africa.
D) eventually gained their freedom.
E) settled in the middle colonies.
B
For those Africans who were sold into slavery, the "middle passage" can be best described as
A) the trip from the interior of Africa to the coast.
B) the easiest part of their journey to America.
C) the journey from American parts to their new homes.
D) the
gruesome ocean voyage to America.
E) none of the above.
D
The physical and social conditions of slavery were harshest in
A) Maryland.
B) Virginia.
C) South Carolina.
D) Massachusetts.
E) Pennsylvania.
C
African American contributions to American culture include all of the following except
A) jazz
music.
B) the banjo.
C) the guitar.
D) a variety of words.
E) bongo drums.
C
While slavery might have begun in America for economic reasons,
A) it soon became clear by 1700 that profits were down.
B) race was rarely an issue in relations between blacks and whites.
C) racial discrimination also powerfully molded the American slave system.
D) profit soon played a very small role.
E)
Europe profited most from the institution.
C
The slave society that developed in North America was one of the few slave societies in history to
A) produce a new culture based entirely on African heritage.
B) rebel against its masters.
C) reduce their numbers by suicide.
D) develop its own techniques of growing corn and wheat.
E) perpetuate itself by its own natural reproduction.
E
The slave culture that developed in America
A) was derived exclusively from African roots.
B) rejected Christianity.
C) was Muslim in its religious teachings.
D) contained many Western elements that remained thoroughly European.
E) was a uniquely New World creation.
E
Slave Christianity emphasized all of the following in their faith except
A) Jesus was the Messiah who would deliver them from bondage.
B) the concepts of humility and obedience.
C) heaven was a place where they would be reunited with their ancestors.
D) God's freeing the Hebrews from slavery.
E) using religious songs as encoded messages about escape.
B
Compared with indentured servants, African American slaves were
A) less reliable
workers.
B) more likely to rebel.
C) cheaper to buy and own.
D) a more manageable labor force.
E) less expensive to buy but more expensive to keep.
D
As slavery spread in the South,
A) social differences within society narrowed.
B) the great plantation owners worked less.
C) gaps in the social structure widened.
D) planters tried to imitate the ways of English country gentlemen.
E)
it also increased dramatically in New England.
C
Most of the inhabitants of the colonial American South were
A) large merchant planters.
B) landowning small farmers.
C) landless farm laborers.
D) black slaves.
E) native Americans.
B
Urban development in the colonial South
A) rivaled that of New
England.
B) kept pace with the growth of large plantations.
C) led to the construction of an excellent highway system.
D) was slow to emerge.
E) occurred without the development of a professional class.
D
It was typical of colonial New England adults to
A) marry early and have several children.
B) be unable to read and write.
C) arrive in New England unmarried.
D) die before becoming
grandparents.
E) live solitary lives.
A
The New England family can best be described as
A) relatively small in size due to the frequency of deaths from childbirth.
B) a very stable institution.
C) a limiting factor in the growth of the region's population.
D) not very close-knit.
E) similar to the family in the Chesapeake colonies.
B
The special characteristics of New England's population led to the observation that these colonists "invented"
A) premarital sex.
B) grandparents.
C) family life.
D) religious piety.
E) women's rights.
B
Southern colonies generally allowed married women to retain separate title to their property because
A) of religious beliefs.
B) of English
tradition.
C) southern men frequently died young.
D) southern families were stable.
E) of a smaller number of men than women.
C
Puritans refused to recognize a woman's separate property rights because
A) of the short life span of New England women.
B) they worried that such rights would undercut the unity of married persons.
C) New England families were so rare.
D) there was so little
land available.
E) of all of the above.
B
In seventeenth century colonial America all of the following are true regarding women except
A) women had no rights as individuals.
B) women could not vote.
C) women were regarded as morally weaker than men.
D) a husband's power over his wife was not absolute.
E) abusive husbands were punished.
A
The expansion of New England society
A) proceeded in an orderly fashion.
B) was a rather haphazard process.
C) was undertaken by lone-wolf farmers on their own initiative.
D) took place without the approval of the colonial legislature.
E) led to little concern about the community as a whole.
A
When new towns were established in New England, all of the following were true except
A) a land grant was given by the legislature.
B) a meeting house was built.
C) a village green was laid out.
D) schools were required in towns of more than fifty families.
E) families did not automatically receive land.
E
The Puritan system of congregational church government logically led to
A) an authoritarian political government.
B) the early establishment of
religious toleration.
C) democracy in political government.
D) the end of town meetings.
E) none of the above.
C
Thomas Jefferson once observed that "the best school of political liberty the world ever saw" was the
A) College of William and Mary.
B) Virginia House of Burgesses.
C) New England town meeting.
D) Chesapeake plantation system.
E) the English parliament.
C
All of the following were consequences of the Half-Way Covenant except
A) it weakened the distinction between the "elect" and others.
B) it maintained the original agreement of the covenant.
C) it conferred partial membership rights in the once-exclusive congregations.
D) it increased the numbers of church membership.
E) women became the majority in the Puritan congregations.
B
The Half-Way Covenant
A) allowed full communion for all nonconverted members.
B) strengthened the distinction between the "elect" and all others.
C) brought an end to the Jeremiads of Puritan ministers.
D) resulted in a decrease in church members.
E) admitted to baptism but not full membership the unconverted children of existing members.
E
The Salem witchcraft trials were
A) a result of Roger Williams's activities.
B) the result of unsettled social and religious conditions in rapidly evolving Massachusetts.
C) caused by ergot in the Puritans' bread.
D) unique to the English colonies.
E) accusations made by the daughters of business owners.
B
During the Salem witchcraft trials, most of those accused as witches were
A) property-owning
women.
B) from the ranks of poor families.
C) primarily un-Christian.
D) women in their late teen years.
E) from subsistence farming families.
A
The Salem "witch hunt" in 1692
A) was the largest "witch hunt" in recorded history.
B) was the first in the English American colonies.
C) was opposed by the more responsible members of the clergy.
D) was ultimately of little consequence for
those who were accused of witchcraft.
E) did not see anyone put to death.
C
As a result of poor soil, all of the following conditions prevailed in New England except that
A) reliance on a single, staple crop became a necessity.
B) the area was less ethnically mixed than its southern neighbors.
C) frugality became essential to economic survival.
D) hard work was required to make a living.
E)
diversification in agriculture and industry were encouraged.
A
The New England economy depended heavily on
A) slave labor.
B) the production of many staple crops.
C) fishing, shipbuilding, and commerce.
D) tobacco.
E) all of the above.
C
In contrast to the Chesapeake colonies, those in New England
A) had
a more diversified economy.
B) expanded westward in a less orderly fashion.
C) had a more ethnically mixed population.
D) were more oriented toward the individual than toward community interests.
E) followed the land use pattern established by the local Indians.
A
The English justified taking land from the native inhabitants on the grounds that the Indians
A) were not Christians.
B) wasted
the earth.
C) burned woodlands.
D) refused to sell it.
E) all of the above.
B
The combination of Calvinism, soil, and climate in New England resulted in the people there possessing which of the following qualities:
A) energy.
B) stubbornness.
C) self-reliance.
D) resourcefulness.
E) all of the above.
E
The impact of New England on the rest of the nation can best be described as
A) greatly exaggerated.
B) generally negative.
C) confined primarily to New England.
D) extremely important.
E) moderately important.
D
Compared with most seventeenth-century Europeans, Americans lived in
A) relative poverty.
B) larger cities.
C) affluent abundance.
D) a more rigid class system.
E) more
primitive circumstances.
C
The late-seventeenth-century rebellion in New York was headed by ____________________, whereas that in Maryland was led by __________.
A) Nathaniel Bacon, Catholics
B) William Berkeley, slaves
C) Puritans, Indians
D) Jacob Leisler, Protestants
E) the Dutch, Catholics
D
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