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Terms in this set (35)
The doctrine of the four humors ________
A: was an attempt to support moral management.
B: was an explanation for personality traits.
C: was an early suggested treatment for melancholy.
D: was the first psychological explanation of mental disorders
B
Philippe Pinel ________
A: believed that mental illness was due to possession by demons and exorcism was the only useful treatment.
B: believed that mental patients needed to choose rationality over insanity, so treatment was aimed at making their lives as patients uncomfortable.
C: believed that mental patients were ill and needed to be treated as such-with kindness and caring.
D: believed that mental illness was purely a physiological phenomenon, and could only be
treated by physical means such as bloodletting.
C
Johann Weyer, in the early 1500s, ________
A: was a popularly accepted writer who argued that mental illness was due to demon possession.
B: was a popularly accepted writer who argued that mental illness was due to imbalances in the four humors.
C: wrote a book that was condemned by many, arguing that many witches were actually mentally ill.
D:
wrote a book that was scorned by many, arguing that mental illness was due to bodily magnetism
C
Exorcism is ________
A: still occasionally practiced today for the treatment of psychological problems, sometimes with fatal results.
B: a religious rite that is no longer used for the treatment of psychological problems.
C: a symbolic act that can still be useful in changing psychological
functioning.
D: a treatment that, throughout history, was never a very popular method of treating psychological problems.
A
Aristotle believed that ________
A: mental disorders could be caused by psychological factors.
B: mental disorders could not be caused by psychological factors.
C: bodily fluids had nothing to do with mental illness.
D: mental illness was due to demonic possession
B
Cleades was feeling depressed. He sought help from Hippocrates. Hippocrates would probably have ________
A: prescribed the roots of certain plants and unusual elixirs.
B: utilized a talking cure.
C: prescribed exercise, tranquility, and celibacy.
D: performed an exorcism.
C
Both ________ and ________ studied the effects of consequences on the occurrence of behaviors.
A: Skinner; Pavlov
B: Pavlov; Thorndike
C: Thorndike; Skinner
D: Pavlov; Freud
C
Which of the following is recognized as a major biomedical breakthrough in psychopathology because it established the link between mental and physical illnesses?
A: The discovery of the cause and later a cure for general paresis (syphilitic insanity)
B: The discovery
of penicillin as a cure for syphilis
C: The development of electroshock therapy for general paresis (syphilitic insanity)
D: The discovery that brain injuries could be associated with mental disorders
A
Who was one of the first physicians in the early 1500s to criticize the idea that mental illness was due to demonic possession (although he did believe the moon influenced the brain)?
A:
Paracelsus
B: Galen
C: Pinel
D: Hippocrates
A
Which of the following approaches to treatment focuses almost exclusively on physical well-being?
A: Moral management
B: Mental hygiene
C: Humanitarian
D: Deinstitutionalization
B
Witmer is credited with ________
A: establishing psychology as a field in
the United States.
B: bringing psychoanalysis to the United States.
C: writing the first psychology text.
D: being the founder of clinical psychology.
D
What is Galen credited with?
A: Providing the first biological explanation for mental disorders
B: Performing the first human autopsies
C: Demonstrating that the doctrine of the four humors was flawed
D: Recognizing that psychological
disorders could have both biological and psychological causes
D
Plato was one of the first to argue for ________
A: medical treatment of mental illness.
B: demonic possession in mental illness.
C: different punishments for mentally disturbed individuals.
D: the use of bleeding as a treatment for mental illness.
C
Which one of the following is credited with developing a classification system for mental disorders?
A: Dix
B: Pinel
C: Alzheimer
D: Kraepelin
D
Prayer, incantations, and noise-making were all techniques for ________
A: altering a person's brain functioning.
B: improving a person's dreams.
C: helping a person become possessed by good spirits.
D: exorcising demons.
D
The first classification of mental disorders involved ________
A: identifying the biological causes of the disorders, so a person could be tested for them.
B: understanding the theoretical descriptions of different disorders.
C: recognizing symptoms that occurred together often enough to be regarded as a type of mental disorder.
D: identifying the types of thoughts that people with different mental illnesses tended to
have.
C
The Nancy School/Charcot debate is best described as one that focuses on ________
A: biology vs. genes.
B: learning vs. nurture.
C: drugs vs. surgery.
D: psychology vs. biology.
D
The insanity associated with general paresis ________
A: has no known physical cause.
B: is caused by excessive
alcohol consumption.
C: is seen only in the aging who have compromised health.
D: results from an infection of the brain.
D
Which of the following was a consequence of the rise of the mental hygiene movement and the occurrence of biomedical advances?
A: The social and psychological environments of mental patients were ignored.
B: Biological causes for most mental disorders were identified.
C:
Physical comfort was neglected.
D: Most humanitarian gains were lost.
A
In 1983, a large group of West Bank Palestinian girls showed signs of illness. Some thought they were poisoned, but later it was discovered that psychological factors played a key role in most cases. This incident best illustrates ________
A: St. Vitus's dance.
B: exorcism.
C: lycanthropy.
D: mass madness.
D
The study of hypnosis and its relationship to hysteria was the starting point for ________
A: the medical model.
C: the biological classification of mental disorders.
C: psychoanalysis.
D: the mental hygiene movement.
C
In the United States, an early treatment involved the belief that ________
A: patients needed to
choose rationality over insanity and treatments were designed to intimidate patients into choosing correctly.
B: patients were demonically possessed and needed to be made uncomfortable to get the demons to leave.
C: patients were medically ill and needed physiological treatments.
D: patients were basically animals and were treated as such.
A
Which of the following is credited with continuing the work of Pinel in the United States?
A: John Wesley
B: Benjamin Rush
C: John Connolly
D: Samuel Hitch
B
Chung Ching wrote two well-known medical works around A.D. 200 and has been referred to as the ____________ of China.
A: Aristotle
B: Galen
C: Plato
D: Hippocrates
D
According to your textbook, which mental disorder received the most attention from early scholars?
A: Phobias
B: Depression
C: Schizophrenia
D: Multiple personality disorder
B
In ancient societies, if a person's abnormal conduct consisted of speech that appeared to have a religious or mystical significance, then the person was ________
Selected Answer:
A: assumed to have willingly entered into a pact with the
devil.
B: thought to be a witch.
C: thought to be possessed by a good spirit or god.
D: assumed to have something physically wrong with the heart.
C
Mesmer was a proponent of ________
A: humanitarianism.
B: community mental health clinics.
C: the mental hygiene movement.
D: the power of animal magnetism.
D
What is Clifford Beers known for?
A: He developed the first effective antidepressant.
B: His efforts led to the establishment of over thirty mental hospitals.
C: He vigorously rejected the Victorian idea that sexual fantasies caused mental disorders.
D: He publicized the brutal treatment that many mental patients received.
D
Imagine that it is 1885. A man complains of "shattered nerves." He is lacking in energy and shows low mood. Physicians specializing in mental conditions (alienists) would likely consider this person ________
A: a morally deficient individual.
B: as suffering from neurasthenia.
C: as suffering from hysteria.
D: as untreatable because the condition was biological.
B
Freud was the first to describe ________: the part of the mind that could contain information of which it is unaware, but by which it is still affected.
A: catharsis
B: the unconscious
C: hysteria
D: operant conditioning
B
Archaeology and early writings indicate the first people to think of the brain as the site of mental functions were the ________
A: ancient Egyptians.
B: ancient Greeks.
C: Chinese.
D: Hebrews.
A
A contemporary of Pinel's in England who started a Quaker religious retreat for the mentally ill was ________
A: John Wesley.
B: Benjamin Rush.
C: Dorothea Dix.
D: William Tuke.
D
All of the following were likely to be part of moral management treatment in the 1800s except ________
A: manual labor.
B: spiritual discussions.
C: character development.
D: antipsychotic
medication.
D
The emergence of humanism brought about changes in all of the following except ________
A: an increase in the belief in supernatural causes of behavior.
B: scientific questioning.
C: more humane treatment.
D: fewer superstitious beliefs about demonic possession.
A
One of Aristotle's major contributions to psychology was ________
A: his belief that dreams explained most mental disorders.
B: his theory that psychological disorders were due to psychological rather than physical factors.
C: his description of personality traits.
D: his description of consciousness.
D
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