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The average dispersion about the mean of the distribution.
For populations, represented by LOWERCASE SIGMA, very important to divide by N.
For sample scores represented by LOWERCASE s, very important to divide by N-1. In most cases when calculating s it is for the purposes of inferential statistics and will be used to ESTIMATE population scores, and N-1 is better for this. So essentially s also represents estimated LOWERCASE SIGMA. N-1 is used bc algebra has shown that otherwise the calculations tend to be too small when estimated, so this compensates for that.
Two methods of calculation: deviation method and raw score method.