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Terms in this set (87)Health Psychology Imelda has been sad lately and now has come down with the flu. Someone interested in _____ might be interested in the link between her mental state and her illness. Focuses on behavioral, social, emotional, motivational, and cognitive factors. Focuses on establishing and maintaining well-being and preventing and treating illness. Behavioral Medicine Centers on behavioral, social, and biomedical factors. The multidisciplinary field dedicated to studying interactions of how people behave, biological influences, and environmental influences in order to improve health and well-being. Biopsychosocial Model In the context of psychological disorders applies to health psychology because each factor identified in the model applies to factors in health and health psychology. Consistent statements with _____ in health psychology: The body and the mind are deeply connected. Stages of Change Model Breaks behavior change down into five steps that occur over a series of progressive stages. 5 Stages in order: Precontemplation Individuals do not contemplate change because they might be in denial of their problems. Contemplation An individual acknowledges a problem but is still weighing the pros and cons of change Preparation/Determination Individuals explore options for actions that could solve the problem. Action/Willpower Individuals begin to take steps to solve the problem. Maintenance Individuals successfully avoid temptation and consistently pursue healthy behaviors. Implementation Intentions Specific strategies for dealing with the challenges of making a life change. Are specific strategies for making a change in life more successful. Transcendence Marian has been working hard to stop biting her nails. Recently, she hasn't been biting her nails, and she hasn't had to consciously remind herself not to. What concept is Marian exhibiting? Relapse Most individuals do not succeed in behavior change the first time, and they often fail in an attempt to complete a behavior change program. What is this called? Theory of Reasoned Action Proposes that in order to implement effective health behavior changes, an individual needs to have a Specific intentions to change, Theory of Planned Behavior Modifies the theory of reasoned action by adding a personal perception of control over the outcome. Self-Determination Theory Ian has decided that he wants to lose some weight and become more fit, so he is intrinsically motivated to accomplish these tasks. Which of the following theories best describes Ian's strategy? Normal Experts in health behavior consider a relapse or a return to former unhealthy patterns to be _____. Health Behaviors Practices that have an impact on physical well-being, such as exercising, eating right, and practicing safe sex. Eating right Health psychologists identify ______ as behaviors that may produce positive changes in an individual. Research has shown that social relationships are an important variable in predicting health. True Social Support Involves: In a study examining 430 orphaned children, researchers found that _____ was important; it was associated with higher psychological functioning and less distress. 430 Orphaned Children A study conducted on _____ found that social support from adults was associated with higher psychological well-being Social Sharing When a person turns to others who act as a sounding board or willing ear. Ellie was involved in a fender bender on her way home from class. She is visibly upset by the experience and calls her friends and parents as soon as she is able. What is this is an example of? Examples: Expressive Writing Can provide health benefits, particularly when writing about one's best possible future self. Writing about one's best possible future self can lead to health benefits. Physical Health/Activity There is a relationship between attending religious services and _____. Religious Faith A number of studies have linked participation in _____ to leading a longer and healthier life. Personality characteristics can have a positive impact on health. True Healthy Behaviors Personality characteristics positively related to
_____: Internal Locus of Control A personality characteristic that indicates a sense of personal control. Conscientiousness According to research, the most important personality trait when it comes to health, healthy living, and longevity is _____. Personal Control Has been linked to a lower risk for common chronic diseases and avoiding risky lifestyle choices. Examples: Optimism Seligman's definition of _____: Example: Self-Efficacy Individual's belief that he or she can master a situation and produce positive outcomes. Positive Self-Efficacy Related to success: Stress The response to circumstances and events that threaten individuals and tax their coping abilities. During final exam week, you may find yourself eating poorly, not sleeping, and smoking. These are effects of _____. Autonomic According to the text, stress initiates biological changes involving which bodily systems? all result in the same stress response Selye found that different stressors, such as the death of a loved one, a loss of income, or legal issues (such as being arrested), _____. Generalized Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) The common effects on the body when an individual is exposed to stress. Hans Selye developed the _____ to describe the common effects on the body when demands are placed on it. 3 Stages in order: The Alarm Stage Occurs when an organism initially encounters a stressor. The Resistance Stage Coping with stress and trying to find ways to deal with the stressor. The Exhaustion Stage Negative consequences occur when coping is inadequate. Vulnerability to disease, a heart attack, or even stroke occur. Chronic Stress Jason and Jeremy both suffer from stress. Jason has longstanding financial problems, and Jeremy's father just died. Jason suffers from _____, and Jeremy suffers from _____. Acute Stressor In individuals with cancer, as well as individuals with HIV, _____ are associated with poorer immune system functioning. Chronic Stressor A situation in which someone has to work overtime for long period of time, when they don't want to work overtime hours, would be considered to be a(n) _____. People who live with _____ stress are also more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviors that are linked with cardiovascular disease. HPA Axis A body system that regulates various body processes and includes the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the adrenal glands. Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) A hormone shared by the central nervous and immune systems, and is key in uniting the stress and immune responses, and is produced in hypothalamus. When the brain detects a threat in the environment, what does it signal the hypothalamus to release? Psychoneuroimmunology Explores connections among psychological factors, the nervous system, and the immune system. Stress-triggered changes in the immune system might create greater vulnerability to infection.. In one study, participants were exposed to viruses and quarantined for five days. What did researchers conclude? The longer the participants had experienced major stress before the study, the more likely they were to catch a cold. In one study, participants were exposed to viruses and quarantined for five days. What did researchers find? The state of the chairs in a cardiologists' waiting room, as well as the personalities of the patients at that office, gave cause for researchers to examine personality types and heart disease. True Type A Behavior Pattern Being excessively competitive, hard-driven, impatient, and hostile. Component most consistently associated with coronary disease is hostility/anger. The Type B Behavior Pattern Characterized by being relaxed and easygoing. The Type D Behavior Pattern Describes individuals who are generally distressed, frequently experience negative emotions, and are socially inhibited. Cardiovascular Disease Smoking, overeating, and avoidance of exercise are behaviors that are linked to_____. Immune System Stress initiates biological changes involving the autonomic and endocrine systems, as well as the system that helps the body ward off illnesses, the _____. Many patients were very impatient. Two cardiologists conducted a study that culminated in the identification of Type A and Type B behavioral patterns. What were some of the observations those cardiologists made that inspired the research? (Select all that apply.) Stress may set biological
changes in motion. Which of the following are true of the relationship between stress and cancer risk? Cognitive Appraisal Deciding if an event is harmful and then deciding if coping is a possibility. An individual's interpretation of an event as either harmful, threatening, or challenging, and the person's determination of whether hie or she has the resources to cope effectively with the event. Coping Problem solving that involves managing taxing circumstances, expending effort to solve life's problems, and seeking to master or reduce stress. Successful Coping Managing taxing circumstances. A healthy immune system. The Physiological Effects of Stress Inhibit a number of cellular immune responses and is linked to specific outcomes for individuals diagnosed with cancer. Primary Appraisal Allen and Mark discover that the rent on their shared student apartment is increasing by a substantial amount. Allen is overwhelmed by the news and starts thinking about how they could lose their apartment and end up homeless. Mark immediately starts to figure out a way to overcome this problem. Mark and Allen differ in their _____ of this event. Later, Mark and Allen are talking about what to do. Can they somehow stay in the apartment? During this conversation, they are engaging in _____. Primary Appraisal Individuals interpret whether an event involves harm or loss that has already occurred, a threat of some future danger, or a challenge to be overcome. Problem-Focused Coping Cognitive strategy of squarely facing your troubles and trying to solve them. Emotion-Focused Coping Cognitive strategy of responding to the stress that you are feeling, rather than confronting the root problem Emotion-focused coping is never recommended. False Problem-Focused Coping Iona is in danger of failing her chemistry class. If she signs up for tutoring, her coping is _____. If she calls her best friend in order to calm herself, her coping is _____. Aspinwall views Optimism as A resource that allows people to engage constructively with potentially frightening information. Hardiness Characterized by a sense of commitment rather than alienation and of control rather than powerlessness, as well as a perception of problems as challenges rather than threats. Stress Management Ada has decided to participate in a program that will teach her how to recognize stressful events, develop skills for coping with them, and then put these skills into practice. Ada is signing up for a _____. had a reduction in blood pressure In an evaluation of a stress management program, researchers randomly assigned subjects to two treatment groups and a control group. The results of the study showed that the two treatment groups _____. teach individuals how to change their environments to reduce stress Stress management programs do all of the following, EXCEPT _____. Successful
coping with stress. Lower probability of developing cardiovascular disease. An increase in physical activity has been found to be related to _____. Physical Exercise/Activity Improved cognitive function, successful coping with stress, a lower probability of depression, and increased self-esteem and body image. Successful Dieters Consistent diets, plan their meals, weight themselves, and regularly engage in physical activity, especially limiting TV or other screen time. Jogging Aerobic exercise, which is sustained activity, stimulates heart and lung functioning and includes _____. 30 min Health experts recommend that adults exercise a minimum of _____ a day, whereas children should exercise at least _____ a day. more than doubled since 1980 Around the world, obesity rates have _____. Went from less than 50 percent in
1960 to almost 70 percent in 2008. In tracking the percentage of people classified as overweight or obese, it has been found that the percentage _____. Provide more energy. A well-balanced diet can _____. Plan their meals. Individuals who lost at least 40 pounds and kept the weight of for at least two years had several behaviors in common. Specifically, they tended to do _____. Cancer Smoking is related to 30 percent of _____ deaths. Sensible, nutritious foods that maximize health Whereas losing weight is important for some people, eating right refers to eating _____. More men smoke than women Comparing smoking habits based on gender, _____. 15% of adults smoke, with _____ in 2015. Nicotine Special gum, patches, inhalers, or sprays help with smoking cessation by providing a substitute source of _____. Going Cold Turkey Stopping a smoking habit by simply quitting without any other changes in lifestyle. Sexually Transmitted Infection An infection that is contracted primarily via vaginal, oral, and/or anal intercourse. An infection that is contracted primarily through sexual activity: vaginal intercourse as well as oral and anal sex. AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency) is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a _____ that destroys the body's immune system. Also prevent STI's An advantage that condoms have over the pill and diaphragm is that they _____. Recommended textbook solutions Myers' Psychology for AP2nd EditionDavid G Myers 900 solutions Psychology: Principles in Practice1st EditionSpencer A. Rathus 1,024 solutions Myers' Psychology for the AP Course3rd EditionC. Nathan DeWall, David G Myers 955 solutions A Concise Introduction to Logic12th EditionPatrick J. Hurley 1,933 solutions Sets found in the same folderpsy ch 568 terms mrroberts1122 Chapter 8: Human Development, Psychology75 terms kizitogerald chapter 1451 terms abby18455 Psych Ch. 5115 terms FoilBoil Other sets by this creatorBioChem Exam 225 terms FoilBoil BioChem HW100 terms FoilBoil BioChem Exam 125 terms FoilBoil MolecCellBio Quizzes74 terms FoilBoil Verified questions
QUESTION Researchers wanted to find out if eating cookies would increase a person's ability to remember the names of U.S presidents. Thirty males and 30 females were used in the experiment. A third of these people (Group A) were given cookies while studying the names. Another third (Group B) were given nothing while studying the names. The final third (Group C) were given mint-flavored candy while studying the names. After gathering all their results, the researchers found that Group A did substantially better than Group B, but about the same as Group C. Which of the following is/are the control group(s) of this study? a. Group A b. Group B c. Group C d. Groups A&B e. Groups B & C Verified answer QUESTION Explain how bottom-up and top-down processes work together to help us decipher the world around us.. Verified answer
QUESTION Adolescence has been called a time of “storm and stress.” Describe how each of the following brain areas or psychological concepts might contribute to this storm and stress. -Limbic system activity. -Frontal lobe development. -Formal operational abilities. - Erikson’s identity versus role confusion stage. -Early physical maturation for girls. Verified answer QUESTION Systematic desensitization would most likely be used as a treatment for which of the following disorders? a. Arachnophobia b. Schizophrenia c. Bipolar disorder. Hypochondriasis e. Tardive dyskinesia Verified answer Other Quizlet setsMacro Final Exam45 terms kaitlynpaige18090 History 1st semester exam 202054 terms juliadabney11 u.s. history I - bill of rights33 terms alamantia0829 Mites17 terms shannoncorcoran77 Related questionsQUESTION How does nicotine enter the smokers lungs 6 answers QUESTION An individual's ability to cope with daily events and deal with personal feelings in a positive, optimistic, and constructive way is known as 4 answers QUESTION The Framingham Heart Study now includes 3 generations of participants. T or F 4 answers QUESTION People who have thought about what they might do to change a behavior and are within a month or so of taking action are in which stage of behavior change? 15 answers Is the individual's belief that he or she can master a situation and produce positive outcomes?Self-efficacy is “the belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes” (Santrock, 2012). Albert Bandura (2010) states that “self-efficacy is a critical factor in whether or not students achieve.” Self-efficacy is the belief that , “I can”; helplessness is the belief , that “I cannot . ” .
Which of the following is defined as the spreading of an emotion from one person to another?It's called emotional contagion, and sharing emotions can happen easier than you'd think. Emotional contagion is simply when one person's emotions or behaviors are mimicked by another person's.
Which of the following is true of the field of psychoneuroimmunology?Which of the following is true of the field of psychoneuroimmunology? it explores relationships amount psychological factors, the nervous system, and the immune system.
Which of the following personality traits is the most important for health healthy living and longevity?Among the "Big Five" personality traits, conscientiousness is especially predictive of living a longer life. The trait has also been linked to health-related behaviors such as smoking and sleep, which may help explain its link to longevity.
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A number of studies have linked participation in _____ to leading a longer and healthier life.
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