A nurse is caring for a client who had an embolic stroke and has a new prescription for alteplase

  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Know stroke. Know the signs. Act in time. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke website. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/stroke/knowstroke.htm. Last modified March 29, 2016. Accessed August 12, 2016. 

  • Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, et al. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: 2019 update to the 2018 guidelines for the early management of acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2019;50:e344-e418.

  • Demaerschalk BM, Kleindorfer DO, Adeoye OM, et al. Scientific rationale for the inclusion and exclusion criteria for intravenous alteplase in acute ischemic stroke: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2016;47(2):581-641.

  • Ferbert A, Brückmann H, Drummen R. Clinical features of proven basilar artery occlusion. Stroke. 1990;21(8):1135-1142. doi:10.1161/01.str.21.8.1135

  • Kattah JC, Talkad AV, Wang DZ, et al. HINTS to diagnose stroke in the acute vestibular syndrome: three-step bedside oculomotor examination more sensitive than early MRI diffusion-weighted imaging. Stroke. 2009;40(11):3504-10.

  • Activase [prescribing information]. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc; 2018.

  • Arch AE, Weisman DC, Coca S, et al. Missed ischemic stroke diagnosis in the emergency department by emergency medicine and neurology services. Stroke. 2016;47(3):668-73.

  • Madsen TE, Khoury J, Cadena R, et al. Potentially missed diagnosis of ischemic stroke in the emergency department in the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky stroke study. Academic Emergency Medicine. 2016;23(10):1128-35.

  • English JD, Yavagal DR, Gupta R, et al. Mechanical thrombectomy-ready comprehensive stroke center requirements and endovascular stroke systems of care: recommendations from the Endovascular Stroke Standards Committee of the Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology (SVIN). Intervent Neurol. 2015;4:138-150.

  • Trevo EDFU. Fremont, CA: Stryker International; 2016.

  • Solitaire Revascularization Device. Medtronic website. http://www.medtronic.com/us-en/healthcare-professionals/products/neurological/revascularization-stroke/solitaire.html. Updated February 2018. Accessed May 9, 2018.

  • FDA Information on Medication Errors Involving Activase and TNKase. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/ForHealthProfessionals/LearningActivities/UCM464193.pdf. Accessed August 9, 2016.

  • Data on file. Genentech USA. No Title.

  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1581-1587.

  • FDA Access Summary basis of approval. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/96/altegen061896s.pdf. Accessed August 14, 2017.

  • Summers D, Leonard A, Wentworth D, et al. Comprehensive overview of nursing and interdisciplinary care of the acute ischemic stroke patient: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Stroke. 2009;40:2911-2944.

  • American Association of Neurosicence Nurses (AANN) Reference Series for Clinical Practice. Guide to the Care of the Patient with Ischemic Stroke. 2004. http://www.pennstatehershey.org/c/document_library/get_file?folderId=115233&name=DLFE-2409.pdf. Accessed August 9, 2016. 

  • Tamm A, Siddiqui M, Shuaib A, et al. Impact of stroke care unit on patient outcomes in a community hospital. Stroke. 2014;45(1):211-216.

  • CMS Quality Measurement Programs Characteristics. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services website. https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Quality-Initiatives-Patient-Assessment-Instruments/QualityMeasures/Downloads/CMSQualityMeasurementProgramsCharacteristics.PDF. Published June 28, 2012. Accessed August 13, 2016.

  • The Joint Commission, Stroke. Last updated June 17, 2016. Accessed August 1, 2016. https://www.jointcommission.org/stroke/.

  • Skolarus LE, Meurer WJ, Shanmugasundaram K, et al. Marked regional variation in acute stroke treatment among Medicare beneficiaries. Stroke. 2015;46:1890-1896.

  • ICD-10. https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Coding/ICD10/. Accessed August 14, 2017. 

  • Schwamm LH, Pancioli A, Acker JE, et al. Recommendations for the establishment of stroke systems of care: recommendations from the American Stroke Association’s Task Force on the Development of Stroke Systems. Stroke. 2005;36(3):690-703.

  • Fonarow GC, Smith EE, Saver JL, et al. Improving door-to-needle times in acute ischemic stroke: the design and rationale for the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association's Target: Stroke initiative. Stroke. 2011;42(10):2983-2989.

  • Goyal M, Menon BK, Hill MD, Demchuk A. Consistently achieving computed tomography to endovascular recanalization <90 minutes: solutions and innovations. Stroke. 2014;45(12):e252-e256.

  • Kalanithi L, Tai W, Conley J, Platchek T, Zulman D, Milstein A. Better health, less spending: delivery innovation for ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Stroke. 2014;45(10):3105-3111.

  • Meretoja A, Weir L, Ugalde M, et al. Helsinki model cut stroke thrombolysis delays to 25 minutes in Melbourne in only 4 months. Neurology. 2013;81(12):1071-1076.

  • Nguyen-Huynh MN. KPNC stroke EXPRESS: expediting the process of evaluating and stopping stroke. Presentation; 2016.

  • American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Target: Stroke Phase II Campaign Manual. Published October 2014.

  • Wechsler LR, Demaerschalk BM, Schwamm LH, et al. Telemedicine quality and outcomes in stroke: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2017 Jan 1;48(1):e3-25.

  • American Hospital Association. http://www.aha.org/research/reports/tw/12oct-tw-quality.pdf. October 2012. Accessed October 11, 2016.

  • Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: CHEST guideline and expert panel report. Chest. 2016;149(2):315-352.

  • Fesmire FM, Brown MD, Espinosa JA, et al. Critical issues in the evaluation and management of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected pulmonary embolism. Ann Emerg Med. 2011 Jun;57(6):628-652.e75.

  • Wood KE. Major pulmonary embolism: review of a pathophysiologic approach to the golden hour of hemodynamically significant pulmonary embolism. Chest. 2002;121:877-905.

  • Tan KT, Oudkerk M, van Beek EJR. Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism. In: Hallet JW Jr, Mills JL, Earnshaw JJ, Reekers JA, eds. Comprehensive Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Limited; 2003.

  • Martin-Schild S, Albright KC, Tanksley J, et al. Zero on the NIHSS does not equal the absence of stroke. Ann Emerg Med. 2011;57:42-45.

  • NIH Stroke Scale International. Approach to Human Subject Protection and Patient Safety. Available at: http://www.nihstrokescale.org. Accessed March 18, 2020.

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR. 2009 May 1;58:421-426.

  • Menon BK, Saver JL, Prabhakaran S, et al. Risk score for intracranial hemorrhage in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator. Stroke. 2012;43:2293-2299.

  • Searls DE, Pazdera L, Korbel E, Vysata O, Caplan LR. Symptoms and signs of posterior circulation ischemia in the New England Medical Center posterior circulation registry. Arch Neurol. 2012;69(3):346-351. doi:10.1001/archneurol.2011.2083