After emancipation, many freedwomen elected to withdraw from work in the fields and focus their energies at home. Show The Black Codes were laws passed by southern Republicans to promote black rights. Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens argued that planters' land should be confiscated and redistributed among former slaves. "Scalawags" were southern white Republicans. The Fifteenth Amendment granted the vote to white women but not black women. Under Radical Reconstruction, blacks held most of the South's top elected positions. During the 1872 elections, the Liberal Republicans argued that Reconstruction was a failure. The Bargain of 1877 marked the formal end to Reconstruction. Between 1880 and 1940 there were more white sharecroppers than black sharecroppers. Presidential Reconstruction (1865–1867) was a success. Black Codes denied black Americans the right to testify against whites, serve on juries or in state militias, or vote. Black Codes sometimes assigned black children to work for their former masters without parental consent. In 1866, the Civil Rights Bill became the first major law in American history to be passed over a presidential veto. The period of Radical Reconstruction began in March 1867 with Congress's adoption of the Reconstruction Act over the president's veto and ended in 1877. Prior to ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment the rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights applied only to laws made by the federal government, not to laws made by individual states. Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, leading figures in the women's rights movement, were strong supporters of the Fifteenth Amendment. During Radical Reconstruction, following ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, the vast majority of eligible African Americans registered to vote. During Reconstruction some 2,000 African Americans held public office, among them fourteen in the United States House of Representatives and two U.S. Senators Some 700 blacks sat in state legislatures during Reconstruction. Robert Smalls, a black representative in the United States House of Representatives, was elected to five terms in Congress. Among the important accomplishments of Reconstruction in state governments was the establishment of the South's first state-supported public schools. During Reconstruction, a number of state governments initiated civil rights legislation that made it illegal for railroads, hotels, and other institutions to discriminate on the basis of race. In consequence of the Reconstruction governments across the South, the region became a vibrant and successful hub of dynamic and expansive economic growth, allowing many African Americans to escape from poverty. While corruption was almost non-existent in the North, it was rampant in the South. Opposition to Reconstruction resulted from the distaste many southerners had for tax increases that were needed to fund public schools and other improvements, and also because many white southerners could not accept black Americans voting, holding office, and enjoying equality before the law. The KKK was founded in 1866 as a social club in Tennessee and served, in effect, as a military arm of the Democratic Party. The Ku Klux Klan sought to uphold the American ideal of equality and justice for all. In 1873, the country was plunged into an economic depression and support among Republicans for further reforms in the South weakened. In the Slaughterhouse Cases (1873) the Supreme Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment had not altered traditional federalism. "Redeemers" saved the South from the corrupt ways of Reconstruction politics and redeemed the South for fair and equal treatment for all Americans. Black Americans continued to hold offices in the South into the 1890s. The Civil Rights era of the 1950s and 1960s is sometimes called the Second Reconstruction. This reading examines measures of the Reconstruction Acts of 1867, which enacted the plan that became known as Radical Reconstruction. Last Updated: May 12, 2020
In 1866, many Americans felt that the Union had not been adequately reconstructed, that the way freedom had been defined for black Americans was not adequate, and that Presidential Reconstruction had led to neither healing nor justice. As a result, a majority Republican Congress was elected and pushed for the passage of the Reconstruction Acts of 1867, which enacted the plan that became known as Radical Reconstruction. Here, measures of those laws are laid out.
paperclip Explore resources that meet the California History–Social Science Framework standards.
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paperclip Students learn about education, identity, and activism through an exploration of the East Los Angeles school walkouts, when thousands of students protested unequal educational opportunities for Mexican American students.
paperclip Students explore the first year of the Delano grape strike, when grape workers in California's San Joaquin Valley went on strike to demand higher wages and better work conditions.
paperclip Use this rich collection of Reconstruction era primary sources, videos, and a 3-week unit to engage your students in this pivotal period in US history and its legacies today.
paperclip Enrich your teaching on the Reconstruction era with these primary source documents and images.
paperclip Students review the First Amendment, understand the importance of a free press, and consider how that freedom can conflict with other societal needs through journalists’ experiences in Ferguson.
paperclip Students identify the responsibilities of citizen watchdogs, summarize strategies for combatting confirmation bias and responsibly consuming and sharing news and information, and complete a culminating essay.
paperclip Students define explicit, implicit, and confirmation bias, and examine why people sometimes maintain their beliefs in the face of contradictory information.
paperclip Students review the US Department of Justice report, revisit how confirmation bias impacts our understanding of events, and consider how to bridge the gap in understanding that often surrounds events like Ferguson.
paperclip Students learn about the aftermath of the Civil War and examine primary source documents that provide insight into the difficult task of reuniting the nation.
paperclip Students examine President Andrew Johnson's plan for Reconstruction and the debate it provoked with Congress while reflecting on deeper issues of healing and justice.
Using the strategies from Facing History is almost like an awakening. — Claudia Bautista, Santa Monica, Calif What was Reconstruction in the South?Reconstruction (1865-1877), the turbulent era following the Civil War, was the effort to reintegrate Southern states from the Confederacy and 4 million newly-freed people into the United States.
How did Reconstruction change the South quizlet?To what extent did Reconstruction impact or change the South? The reconstruction impacted the south greatly. The south had to deal with problems such as an economy in collapse, confederate money worthless, 2/3 transportation system destroyed, and slaves being free.
How did Reconstruction benefit the South?White Southerners also benefited from the Reconstruction as manufacturing, transportation, land ownership, and education expanded. On the negative side, however, Reconstruction led to great resentment and even violence among Southerners.
What were the major accomplishments of Congressional Reconstruction quizlet?Congressional Reconstruction included the stipulation that to reenter the Union, former Confederate states had to ratify the 14th and 15th Amendments. Congress also passed the Military Reconstruction Act, which attempted to protect the voting rights and civil rights of African Americans.
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Among the most important accomplishments of reconstruction was a dramatic change in southern ______.
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