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Chapters 17 -18 (1865-1900) Terms in this set (95)Cotton Fabrics The new south was a dramatic expansion of the regions textile industry producing cotton thread, bedding and clothing.(613) The American Tobacco Company Business founded in 1890 by North Carolina James Buchanan Duke, who combined the major tobacco manufacturers of the time, controlling 90 % of the country's booming cigarette production. Crop-lien system Credit system used by sharecroppers and share tenants who pledged a portion("share") of their future crop to local merchant and landowners in exchange for farming supplies, foods and clothing. Mississippi Plan Series of state constitutional amendments that sought to disenfranchise black voters and was quickly adopted by nine other southern states. Separate but equal Underlying principle behind segregation that was legitimized by the Supreme Court ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). Ida B. Wells A journalist and outspoken advocate of racial equality, Wells was a co founder of the National Association for the advancement of Colored People. (622) Booker T Washington Founder of the Tuskegee Institute, historically black university, Washington went on to become the nation's most prominent African American Leader.(623) Atlanta Compromise(1895) Speech by Booker T. Washington, that called for the black community to strive for economic prosperity before demanding political and social equality. W.E.B.Du Bois A fierce advocate for black education and civil rights.(624) Exodusters African Americans who migrated west from the South in search of a haven from racism and poverty after the collapse of Radical Republican rule. Constock Lode A mine in eastern Nevada acquired by Canadian fur trapper Henry Com-stock that between 1860 and 1880 yielded almost $1 billion worth of gold and silver.(629) Indian Wars Bloody conflicts between U.S. soldiers and Native Americans that raged in the West from the early 1860s to the late 1870s, sparked by American settlers moving into ancestral Indian lands. Sans Creek Massacre (1864) Colonel Chivington's unprovoked slaughter of the Cheyennes and Arapahos in Colorado initially reported as a justified battle but soon exposed form the despicable massacre it was.(639) George A. Cluster A reckless and glory seeking colonel of the U.S. Army, Cluster led his troops to a catastrophic defeat against th Sioux in the battle of Little Big Horn.(641). Great Sioux War Conflict between Sioux and Cheyenne Indians and federal troops over lands in the Dakotas in the mid-1870s. Ghost Dance Movement A spiritual and political movement among Native Americans whose followers performed a ceremonial "ghost dance" intended to connect the living with the dead and make the Indians bulletproof in battles intended to restore their homelands. Dawes Severalty Act (1887) Federal legislation that divided ancestral Native American lands among the heads of each Indian family in an attempt to "Americanize" Indians by forcing them to become farmers working individual plots of land. 1859- 1900 Events in Order 1859- Com stock Lode is discovered Gilded Age (1860-1896) An era of dramatic industrial and urban growth characterized by widespread political corruption and loose government oversight of corporations. tenements Shabby, low-cost inner-city apartment buildings that housed the urban poor in cramped, poorly ventilated apartments. New Immigrants Wave of newcomers from southern and eastern Europe, including many Jews, who became a majority among immigrants to America after 1890. Nativists Native-born Americans motivated by racial prejudice who blamed immigrants for social or economic problems and sought to restrict their access to America. Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) Federal law that barred Chinese laborers from immigrating to America.
Charles Darwin Darwin;s scientific theories introduced and influenced more than a century of political and social debate(661). Socail Darwinism The application of Charles Darwin's theory of evolutionary natural selection to human society; social Darwinists used the concept of "survival of the fittest" to justify class distinctions , explain poverty, and oppose government intervention in the economy. Reform Darwinism This theory stated that human progress was best achieved not through competition but through cooperation party boss A powerful political leader who controlled a "machine" of associates and operatives to promote both individual and party interests, often using informal tactics such as intimidation or the patronage system. patronage An informal system ( sometimes call the "spoils system") used by politicians to reward their supporters with government appointment or contracts. civil service reform An extended effort led by political reformers to end the patronage system; led to the Pendleton Act (1883), which called for government positions to be awarded based on merit rather than party loyalty. Mugwumps Reformers who bolted the Republican party in 1884 to support Democratic Grover Cleveland for president over Republican James G. Blaine, whose secret dealings on behalf of railroad companies had brought charges of corruption. Interstate Commerce Commission(ICC)(1887) An independent federal agency established in 1887,to oversee the business engaged in interstate trade, especially railroads,but whose regulatory power was limited when tested in the courts. tariff reform (1887) Effort led by the Democratic party to reduce taxes on imported goods, which Republicans argued were needed to protect American industries from foreign competition. Granger Movement Began by offering social and educational activities for isolated farmers and their families and later started to promote "cooperatives" where farmers could join together to buy, store, and sell their crops to avoid the high fees charged by brokers and other middlemen. Farmers' Alliance
Like the Granger movement, these organizations south to address the issues of small farming communities ; however, Alliances emphasized more political action and called for the creation of a third party to advocate their concerns. People's Party (Populists) Political party formed in 1882 following the success of framer's alliance candidates ; Populists advocate a variety of reforms, including free coinage of silver, a progressive income tax, postal savings banks, regulation of railroads, and direct election of U.S. senators. Mary Elizabeth Lease One of the first female attorneys in Pennsylvania ; lease was a charismatic leader in the farm protest movement. (678) Panic of 1893 A major collapse in the national economy after several major railroad companies declared bankruptcy, leading to a severe depression and several violent clashes between workers and management. money question Late-nineteenth-century national debate over the nature of U.S. currency; supporters of a fixed gold standard were generally money lenders, and thus preferred to keep the value of money high, while supporters of silver (and gold) coinage were debtors, they owed money, so they wanted to keep the value of money low by increasing the currency supply (inflation).(680) 1859- 1901 Events in Order 1859-Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species is published. Identify the experiences for women in the American West that were unique from those in the rest of the country. (Inquizitive) -In mining towns, the ratio of men to women was 9 to 1. In a devastated South, many white southerners began to romanticize the
Old South and embrace the idea of the "Lost Cause." The "Lost Cause" was a view of southerners during the Civil War as a righteous defenders of their homeland and culture against Northern aggression. The new generation of African Americans born after the Civil War were much more submissive than their parents, fearful that any transgression would spur the resurgence of slave labor. False; This new generation of African Americans was much more active and assertive than their parents. The 1851 the Fort Laramie Treaty ensured that Plains Indians maintained some of their ancestral homeland. What contributed to the provisions of the treaty? Chiefs from numerous Plains Indianan tribes choose to accept defined territorial borders for Native Americans for the Plains and mountains west, but had to allow white settlers' wagons caravans to pass through their territory on their way west. What change did the national census of 1890 indicate that had not previously occurred in U.S. history? It was the first census to indicate that Americans had populated the count from coast to coast. Identify the ideas and attitudes that inspired the suppression of African American civil rights in the late-nineteenth-century South. -the U.S. and European revival of the superiority of the Anglo-Saxon race The steady decline in the price of cotton failed to incentivize farmers to stop producing the less profitable crop. True;As the price of cotton steadily dropped, farmers began to plant even more cotton in an attempt to make up for the lower price. Identify the statements that describe the Sand Creek Massacre -Chivington killed over 160 Indians who had been promised safety if in a specific location. In the pre-Civil War South, the cotton industry was primarily concerned with the cultivation of unprocessed cotton, which served as raw material for textile___in the northern United States and throughout Europe. The major success of the New South's effort to diversify its economy rested on the growth of its___. Over the last___years of the nineteenth century, the number of cotton mills in the South___by nearly 250 percent. The majority of the workers in the southern cotton mills were___, as opposed to men. mills The final obstacle to___was the Native Americans in the West. The Blackfeet and Crows were forced out of their territory in___. The Modocs briefly resisted settler encroachment in___. The Utes were forced to abandon their ancestral homeland in___. This was the fate of many Native American tribes in the American West that resisted the expropriation of their land. manifest destiny Chinese immigrants were often the subject of harsh discrimination and denied the rights of___.They were often blamed during times of___struggle and were officially banned from immigrating to the United States through the___ of 1882. citizenship As large-scale corporations became more involved in mining operations in the West, many former prospectors became wage laborers for the companies. In turn, these miners formed unions to represent their interests. Which of the following responsibilities were the unions'? -to negotiate with mining companies to address the issue of low wages How did an economic system of sharecroppers and tenants fail to uphold Henry Grady's vision of the New South? -In the absence of banks in many southern communities, rural areas adopted barter economies where merchants allowed poor farmers to make purchases "on credit" in exchange for a share of their crops when they were harvested. The Supreme Court case of___was pivotal in its establishment of the practice of___facilities, legitimizing the racial segregation of almost every aspect of southern life. The case began with Homer Plessy, a man of one-eighth___descent, who chose to remain in an exclusively white railcar and was found in violation of the law. This historic ruling___the practice of segregation in public spaces and inspired a new wave of regulations known as the___. Plessy v. Ferguson Frederick Jackson Turner theorized that the West would maintain all of the characteristics that arose as a result of the frontier era. False Identify the destinations of the following western settlers. cowboys-originated in Texas and traveled northward, with many ending up in Utah's Great Basin Page(s) 637-64317.6. Evaluate the impact on Native Americans of the federal government's policies in the West after the Civil War. Battle of Little Bighorn-During this conflict, federal troops suffered a resounding defeat to Sioux forces but eventually prevailed in the Great Sioux War "Report on the Condition of the Indian Tribes"-Congress decided to ask Native Americans to give up their ancestral lands and move to faraway reservations in return for peace. Sand Creek Massacre-Promised protection by the territorial governor of Colorado, 165 Native Americans were massacred by a federal militia. In 1888, a Native American named___claimed to have visited the spirit world and announced that a deliverer would be
coming to help Indians restore their native lands. To hasten this development, he urged Native Americans to perform a ceremonial dance that would make them___in battles with white soldiers. The Battle of Wounded Knee was the last battle of the Indian wars that had resulted in the Native Americans of the West being forced to abandon their tribal lands and move to reservations, where they struggled to survive and preserve their traditional culture. Wovoka During the late nineteenth century, what were the social and economic circumstances that advocates for a New South faced in the postwar South compared to those in the North? -The South was far less industrial than the North and depended on the region for goods that southern states were incapable of manufacturing themselves. Analyze this quotation from an Exoduster minister: -The experiences of blacks in the South were far worse than their current circumstances in the West. Henry Woodfin Grady, a southern journalist, was an advocate for the New South. He noted that
there had been an Old South "of slavery and secession—that South is dead. There is now a New South of union and freedom—that South, thank God, is living, breathing, and growing every hour." Grady advocates for the southern economy that is no longer exclusively based on plantations and social world that is not dominated by the elite of the plantation aristocracy. The crop-lien system was an extremely___and inefficient enterprise that severely damaged the land and deteriorated the___. Poor farmers were___from sustaining themselves by growing their own vegetables, as landowners forced an exclusively___harvest. Moreover, most farmers didn't feel a strong tie to the land they worked and were not invested in___the soil or the equipment they used, as both belonged to someone else. destructive Mississippi was the leading state in___for both blacks and___. In 1890, the state adopted the___, which consisted of various constitutional___, initiating a wave of___ that would spread to nine additional states. voter suppression Identify the various developments in the West that altered perceptions of the frontier and convinced Americans of the region's profitability after the Civil War. -the discovery of vital minerals, such as gold and silver Identify the key players in the crop-lien system. Small farm owners-often purchased supplies on credit from local merchants, promising them a share of the future crop Identify the various strategies of voter suppression carried out through the Mississippi Plan. -prohibiting voters convicted of certain crimes from casting a ballot Early mining efforts in the second half of the nineteenth century often began as individual endeavors. Miners generally worked___hours and long workweeks, only taking___off. They lived in small tent camps or shacks they built themselves, though at successful___developed with modern___. Lone miners usually___or gold in riverbeds. Beyond that, further mining required___and sophisticated mining techniques. These limitations transformed the mining industry from one in which individual miners hoped to___to a big business enterprise with many prospectors working as___. long What impact did the growth of the cattle industry have on ranchers in the West? -The growth of railroad networks allowed cattle ranching to expand into Texas and the high plains as far as Montana. Identify the economic priorities of southern "redeemers" in the late nineteenth century. -Redeemers moved to decrease tax rates and reduce public expenditures. Analyze the image below. -African Americans still didn't own the land that they worked. An Alabama newspaper editor stated: "Our blood boils when the educated Negro asserts himself
politically." -This quotation reflects the resentment of white southerners toward any economic or political improvements in the black community. The postwar South experienced various social and economic problems that launched the region into extreme___. Obtaining land became extremely___and most southern farmers simply sought to survive. Many southern communities lacked access to cash and developed___where farmers could secure credit to purchase food and supplies in exchange for a portion of or lien on their___. poverty Identify the conditions and circumstances that made life difficult for settlers in the West. tornadoes Watch the video of David Shi discussing the New South. -improve race relations The climate and soil conditions on
the Plains made farming extremely difficult. -chilled-iron "sodbuster" plow Identify the Dawes Severalty Act and its repercussions for Native Americans. Considered a reform measure, this act of congress tied to "Americanize"Native Americans living on reservations by giving each family 160 acres for farming. Place the events that led to the end of the frontier era in chronological order. -The Dawes Severity Act was created Frederick Jackson Turner's "frontier thesis" described the history of the United States in relation to its history of westward expansionism. What were some of the criticisms levied against his thesis? -Turner largely omitted the negative repercussions of westward expansion in favor of tales of "heroism, triumph, and progress." What impact did the extension of rail lines have on the farmers and ranchers of the West? It transformed the region by allowing large shipments of western cattle and grains to be transported over long distances and sold in the East. What were some of the reasons for the emergence of the People's party during the 1890s? -The belief that the U.S. government had moved away from its
founding principles and no longer represented the interests of the American people spread among impoverished Americans. Henry Woodfin Grady attributed the successful rise of the New South to the meticulous implementation of Congressional Reconstruction policies. False What were some of the changes to the southern economy that were advocated by supporters of the New South? -the use of more efficient farming techniques and technology on southern farms Place the events in the establishment of mining communities in chronological order. -Larger groups of prospectors rush to a new strike. Watch the video of David Shi discussing the Ghost Dance. -The Ghost Dance was a ritual performed by Native Americans in response to efforts by the federal government to destroy the remnants of Indian civilization. The resurgence of racial___and disenfranchisement was accompanied by a surge of___gainst African Americans that was predominantly
concentrated in the South. segregation Westbound settlers came from various economic and social backgrounds. Identify the statement that best describes the race and ethnicity of these settlers. Men and women of African American, Asian ,European, AND Hispanic descent were all part of western settlement. There was little to no ethnic tension among miners in boomtowns across the American West and Southwest, as the mining industry was solely concentrated on profits. As a result, a meritocracy emerged among miners. False Analyze the image below of a mob of white supremacists posing outside the destroyed printing press of the African American newspaper the Daily Record. -White supremacists were willing to go to lethal lengths to suppress African Americans' rights. Identify the industries that emerged in the New South and contributed to its diversification -the textile industry Identify the repercussions of the 1867 "Report on the Condition of the Indian Tribes." -It led to the establishment of an Indian Peace Commission. Mississippi is the leading state in___for both blacks and___.In 1890, the state adopted the___, which consisted of various constitutional__, initiating a wave of___ that would spread to the nine additional states. voter suppression Between the end of the Civil War and the turn of the century, both the South and the West experienced major___shifts. As a result of changes to the nature of farming, many___were driven out of business. These former farmers often became___, who experienced working conditions similar to those of___in the South. economic Identify the areas the following settlers typically inhabited. ranchers- farmers-This group of people inhabited the Plains. Watch the video of David Shi discussing the New South.
-diversify the economy and build thriving commercial cities In addition to the miners who journeyed to the West to work in mines, such as the Comstock Lode, a crew of peddlers, saloon keepers, prostitutes, and gamblers followed to take advantage of the miners' earnings. True In recognition of their vital role, particularly on family farms, and in order to attract more female settlers, several western states were the first to grant women the right to vote and hold political office. true Sets with similar termsChapter 17: The South and the West Transformed, 18…52 terms Hailey_Smith207 Ch.1755 terms Cody_Cunningham5 Chapter 1743 terms kamminikole Chpts 14 & 1593 terms Kendall_Helmcamp Other sets by this creatorBIO11041 terms ang2839 BIO 15510 terms ang2839 BIO 15510 terms ang2839 BIO 11028 terms ang2839 Verified questionsWORLD HISTORY How did the reforms of the Siamese kings help Siam remain independent? Verified answer
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WORLD HISTORY What caused the Angkor ruling class to form a new capital near Phnom Penh in 1432? Verified answer Other Quizlet setsSkin Assessment59 terms christi_tasso L36: Antibiotic Targets and Resistance27 terms apiche4 Chapter 6 History207 terms PEYT0N_ NEUROLOGIA: CONVULSÕES FEBRIS20 terms Fernanda_Freire9 Related questionsQUESTION The early status of blacks in North America under the British colonies was initially unfree, but they were not slaves. Why was this so? 5 answers QUESTION What was the first contingent of African American combat troops to reach the Western Front (after they had been convinced not to seek vengeance against whites in South Carolina for an attack on one of their members)? 2 answers QUESTION 31.Why was Giles Cory pressed to death? 11 answers QUESTION How did the boxer Cassius Clay become a major civil rights figure in the late 1960s 3 answers What was the vision for the new South quizlet?What is the New South? After the Civil War, southerners promoted a new vision for a self-sufficient southern economy built on modern capitalist values, industrial growth, and improved transportation.
What factor negatively affected open range cattle ranching and eventually led to the end of the cattle boom?What impact did the growth of the cattle industry have on ranchers in the West? - The introduction of barbed wire ended the open range, in which ranchers had used land cooperatively, and put many ranchers out of business.
What change did the national census of 1890 indicate that had not previously occurred in US history quizlet?What change did the national census of 1890 indicate that had not previously occurred in U.S. history? It was the first census to indicate that Americans had populated the country from coast to coast.
What caused the so called Indian Wars quizlet?The conflict was a result of increasing tension over several years between the Native tribes and the settlers who were encroaching on their lands, and competing for ,crops and water.
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How did an economic system of sharecroppers and tenants fail to uphold Henry Gradys vision of the new South quizlet?
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