It refers to the maintenance of equilibrium while stationary or while moving

• Inhaltsverzeichnis Show

  • What is the maintenance of equilibrium?
  • Is the maintenance of equilibrium while stationary or while moving it is the ability to use the senses with body parts to perform motor tasks smoothly accurately?
  • What type of balance is maintaining equilibrium while stationary?

  Physical Education and Weight Training Vocabulary Words

  Aerobic Activity—Exercise that can be performed for a long duration because the energy required can be provided by the burning of fuel, which normally occurs in muscle cells in the presence of oxygen. Aerobic activity may help control body weight, reduce the percentage of body fat, improve the circulatory func­tion and respiratory functions, and reduce blood pressure. Examples include aerobic dance, cycling, jogging, power walking, in-line skating, step aerobics, kickboxing, and resistance training circuits. (Think long duration) - termed steady state exercise. 

  Agility—A skill-related component of fitness that describes the ability to rapidly change the position of the entire body.

  Anaerobic Activity—Exercise of short duration that is performed at a more strenu­ous level, so increased respiration and heart rate cannot provide sufficient oxygen to the muscle cells. Only able to be sustained for a short period of time. Examples of anaerobic activity include sprinting for a score in ROCKS, weight training, playing tag, or gymnastics.

  Balance—A skill-related component of fitness that relates to the maintenance of equilibrium while stationary or moving.

  Base of Support—The area of the base or foundation that supports the body. The base of support may include one or more body parts and the distance between them. The ability to stabilize the body is directly proportional to the area of the base of support. For example, if two feet are close together, the base of support is narrow and stability is limited. If the two feet are separated by some distance, the base of support is larger and provides more stability.

  Basic Resistance Principles—Resistance is the weight or force that is used to oppose a motion. Resistance training increases muscle strength by pitting the muscles against weight, such as a dumbbell or barbell. The type of lift; inten­sity, volume, and variety of training; progressive overload; rest; and recovery constitute the basic principles of resistance training.

  Biomechanics—The study of human movement and how such movement is influenced by gravity, friction, and the laws of motion. It involves the analysis of force, including muscle force that produces movements and impact force that may cause injuries. It explains why motor skills are performed in explicit ways in order to improve efficiency and effectiveness.

  Body Composition—The proportion of fat-free mass (e.g., muscle, bone, vital organs, and tissues) to fat mass in the body. One of the 5 components of Health-related fitness- (muscle strength, muscle endur­ance, aerobic capacity, flexibility, and body composition.)

  Body Management—Basic skills focusing on the ability to control the body and body parts in actions such as those involving traveling, balancing, rolling, and supporting body weight.

  Body Mass Index (BMI)—A formula used to assess body fat based on a ratio between height and weight.

  Cardiorespiratory Health - involves the health of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels.

  Cardiorespiratory Endurance—A component of health-related fitness that describes the ability of the heart, blood vessels, and respiratory system to supply oxygen and nutrients to the muscles during exercise.

  Combative Activities—A group of physical activities that utilize basic combative–– pulling, pushing, stands, and guards. Some examples include wrestling, fencing, kickboxing, martial arts, and self-defense.

  Competence—Sufficient ability, skill, and knowledge to meet the demands of a particular task.

  Complex Skills—Skills that combine two or more locomotor and/or manipulative fundamental movements (for example, catching and throwing or trapping and passing).

  5 Components of Health-related Physical Fitness—1.Muscle strength, 2.muscle endur­ance, 3.aerobic capacity, 4.flexibility, and 5.body composition.

  Concentric Muscle Action- In resistance training, this is when a muscle shortens and is best described as the movement that occurs when the weight goes against gravity- time to hold breath.

  Cool-Down Exercises—Five to ten minutes of light to moderate physical activity. Cool-down exercises help the body recover from exercise. This process main­tains blood pressure, helps enhance venous return and prevents blood from pooling in the muscles.

  Coordination—A skill-related component of fitness that relates to the ability to perform tasks smoothly and accurately.

  Core Muscles—The abdominal, back, hip, and pelvic floor muscles.

  Detraining- Occurs when the training stimulus is stopped and the body is no longer having an overload.

  Dual Activities—Physical activities that require two participants. Examples include Tennis, Speedminton, and Badminton.

  Egg Roll—A roll toward the right and then toward the left while in a tucked position.

  Embedded Assessment—Assessment that occurs simultaneously with instruction.

  Equipment—Refers to those items that are not considered expendable but are

  used for a period of years, such as fitness and gymnastics equipment.

  Ergogenic Aids—Substances, devices, or practices that enhance an individual’s energy use, production, or recovery.

  Evaluation—Judging the quality of performance.

  FITT Principle-

              Frequency—A principle of training that establishes how often to exercise.

              Intensity—A principle of training that establishes how hard to exercise.

              Time—A principle of training that establishes the amount of time for each exer­cise period.

              Type- A principle of training that establishes the type of exercise used to improve the specific component of fitness being trained.

  Flexibility- A component of health-related fitness that describes the range of motion at a joint. The ability to move joints of the body through a normal range of motion. (2 types)

  1. Dynamic- Flexibility exercise that is performed while moving such as Skips, Lunges, and Carioca. Normally performed prior to exercise or activity.
  2. Static—A stationary condition. For example, static flexibility movements such as Flamingo, Calf stretch, and Triceps stretch-normally post exercise or activity.

  High Intensity Interval Training (H.I.I.T) – is a form of training that uses alternating bouts of short intense exercise with less intense recovery times. Just watch kids play at the playground and you will see this in action. (aerobic or anaerobic?)

  Muscular Actions:

  1. Concentric- In resistance training, this is when a muscle shortens and is best described as the movement that occurs when the weight goes against gravity- time to hold breath and exhale once you get close to completion of the action.
  2. Eccentric- In resistance training, this is when a muscle lengthens and is best described as the movement that occurs when the weight goes with gravity- normally the time to hold breath.
  3. Isometric- Muscle has tension but it stays static for a period of time example would be Wall Sits or Planks

  Muscle Endurance—The ability to contract the muscles many times without tiring or the ability to hold one contraction for an extended period. Example: push-up test

  Muscular Power is the ability to perform strength based movements quickly. Power is an important component of fitness that is used in many dynamic sports activities. Example jumping

  Muscle Strength—The ability of a muscle to exert force against a resistance one time. Strength is measured as the amount of force a muscle can produce. example 1-rep max squat

  rate of perceived exertion index (RPE)—A way of rating how hard one feels the body is work­ing during physical activity. It is based on physical sensations experienced, including increased heart rate, increased respiration or breathing rate, increased sweating, and muscle fatigue.

  Physical Fitness—A positive state of well-being with a low risk of premature health problems and with the energy to participate in a variety of physical activities. It is influenced by regular, vigorous physical activity, genetic makeup, and nutritional adequacy.

  Plyometric Exercise—A muscular activity that involves an eccentric contraction (muscle is lengthened) of a muscle, followed immediately by a concentric contraction (muscle is shortened) of the same muscle. Plyometric exercises are often used to increase muscular power.

  Proprioception—The ability to sense the position, location, and orientation of the body.

  Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)— (RPE) is a measure from1 to 10 that a person can use to describe how hard one feels the body is working. Another form of RPE is The Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion -  http://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/basics/measuring/ exertion.htm

  Training/ Principles of Exercise (Resistance and Aerobic Training): Principles to follow in planning an exercise program to effect physiological changes in the human body related to health and performance: individual differences, overload, progression, regular­ity, and specificity.

  Physical Fitness—A positive state of well-being with a low risk of premature health problems and with the energy to participate in a variety of physical activities. It is influenced by regular, vigorous physical activity, genetic makeup, and nutritional adequacy.

  Plyometric Exercise—A muscular activity that involves an eccentric contraction (muscle is lengthened) of a muscle, followed immediately by a concentric contraction (muscle is shortened) of the same muscle. Plyometric exercises are often used to increase power.

  Principle of Overload —Increasing the work and stress that are normally experi­enced will improve one’s fitness.

  Principle of Progressive Overload— A principle of training that establishes increases in the amount and intensity (frequency, load, type or time) of physical activity needed to provide an improvement over periods of time.

  Principle of Regularity— A principle of training that establishes exercise on a regular schedule. A pattern of physical activity is regular if activities are performed most days of the week, preferably daily; if moderate-intensity activities are performed five or more days of the week; or if vigorous-intensity activities are performed three or more days of the week.

  Principle of Reversibility- A person can lose the effects of training when they stop training and can gain the effects when they start training again.

  Principle of Specificity —Specific exercises must be performed to improve each component of health-related fitness. (e.g. resistance training to improve muscular strength, yoga to improve flexibility, cardio games to improve muscular endurance,)

  Proprioception—The ability to sense the position, location, and orientation of the body.

  Reaction Time—A component of skill-related fitness that describes the interval of time from a suddenly presented stimulus until the beginning of the response.

  Reliable Assessment—An assessment for which the results are consistent when administered to the same individual on different occasions.

  Rebound Principles—Newton’s Third Law: An object, when struck, will rebound in the opposite direction with the same amount of force with which it was hit.

  Recovery Rate—The time necessary for an exercise-induced elevated heart rate to return

  Repetition- is one completion of an exercise (includes the concentric and eccentric muscle action) example is a push-up or bench press lower than return to start position.

  Rest Interval- is the time spent resting between sets that allow the muscle to recover. 

  Set- is a series of repetitions performed back to back.  Example, eight repetitions can be one set of bench presses.

  Skill-Related Physical Fitness—Those components of physical fitness that relate to an enhanced performance in sports: agility, balance, coordination, power, speed, and reaction time. 

  Specificity—A principle of training that establishes a particular kind of activity for each component of physical fitness.

  Speed—A skill-related fitness component related to performing movement in a short period of time.

  Squat—A lower body exercise performed by bending the knees (no lower than a 90-degree angle), lowering the torso, and then rising to a standing position.

  Stability movements—Stability reflects balance and equilibrium, which are important components in performing many motor skills. Stability movements include those that are vital for the body to maintain balance while moving. Examples include moving the arms while walking or running and lowering one’s center of gravity when stopping quickly.

  Static—A stationary condition. For example, static stretching or static balance.

  Tactics—Individual movement of players or teams to accomplish an immedi­ate goal or accommodate a situation. Tactics take place within the game as an ongoing part of gameplay and include decisions an individual makes about when, why, and how to respond to a particular situation.

  Target Heart-Rate Zone—A range of activity intensity normally between (60-80% of age-predicted HR max) that can be used to enhance one's level of aerobic capacity.

  Vigorous Physical Activity—Vigorous-intensity physical activity generally requires sustained, rhythmic movements and refers to a level of effort a healthy indi­ vidual might expend while, for example, jogging, participating in high-impact aerobic dancing, swimming continuous laps, or bicycling uphill. Vigorous- intensity physical activity may be intense enough to result in a significant increase in heart and respiration rate.

  Volley—The action of striking a ball that is in the air prior to it touching the ground.

  Warm-up Exercises—Low-intensity exercises that prepare the muscular/skeletal system and heart and lungs (cardiorespiratory system) for high-intensity physical activity.

  Resource:

  Physical Education Framework

  for California Public Schools

  Kindergarten Through Grade Twelve

  Adopted by the

  California State Board of Education

  Published by the

  California Department of Education Sacramento, 2009

What is the maintenance of equilibrium?

Is the maintenance of equilibrium while stationary or while moving it is the ability to use the senses with body parts to perform motor tasks smoothly accurately?

What type of balance is maintaining equilibrium while stationary?