Leadership is the ability to influence employees to voluntarily pursue organizational goals.

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Which leadership approach that attempts to identify distinctive characteristics that account for the effectiveness of leader?
Which approach to leadership asserts that a leader's effectiveness depends on the situation at hand?
Why is leadership become required for survival?
What type of leadership represents normatively appropriate behavior that focuses on being a moral role model?

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Chapter 14

Question	Answer
Leadership	the ability to influence employees to voluntarily pursue organizational gains
Legitimate power	results from managers’ formal positions within the organization
Reward power	results from managers’ authority to reward their subordinates
Coercive power	results from managers’ authority to punish their subordinates
Expert power	results from one’s specialized information or expertise
Referent power	derived from one’s personal attraction
Rational persuasion	convincing someone by using logic, reason, or facts
Inspirational appeals	building enthusiasm or confidence by appeals to emotions, ideals, or values
Consultation	getting others to participate in a decision or change
Ingratiating tactics	acting humble or friendly before making a request
Personal appeals	referring to friendship and loyalty when making a request
Exchange tactics	reminding someone of past favors or offering to make a trade
Coalition tactics	getting others to support your effort
Pressure tactics	using demands, threats, or intimidation
Legitimating tactics	basing a request on implied support from superiors, or on rules or policies
Trait approaches to leadership	attempt to identify distinctive characteristics that account for the effectiveness of leaders
Narcissism	having “a self-centered perspective, feelings of superiority, and a drive for personal power and glory
Machiavellianism	displays a cynical view of human nature and condones opportunistic and unethical ways of manipulating people, putting results over principles
Psychopathy	characterized by lack of concern for others, impulsive behavior, and a dearth of remorse when the psychopath’s actions harm others
Women Traits	women executives score higher than their male counterparts on a variety of measures - from producing high quality work to goal-setting to mentoring employees
The Lack of Women at the Top	1. Unwillingness to compete or sacrifice 2. Modesty 3. Lack of mentor 4. Starting out lower, and more likely to quit
Behavioral leadership	approaches attempt to determine the distinctive styles used by effective leaders
Task-oriented leadership behaviors	to ensure that people, equipment, and other resources are used in an efficient way to accomplish the mission of a group or organization. Example: planning, clarifying, monitoring, and problem solving
Initiating-structure leadership	leader behavior that organizes and defines—that is, “initiates the structure for”—what employees should be doing to maximize output
Transactional leadership	focusing on clarifying employees’ roles and task requirements and providing rewards and punishments contingent on performance.
Relationship-oriented leadership	primarily concerned with the leader’s interactions with his or her people
Consideration	leader behavior that is concerned with group members’ needs and desires and that is directed at creating mutual respect or trust
Empowering leadership	represents the extent to which a leader creates perceptions of psychological empowerment in others.
Psychological empowerment	employees’ belief that they have control over their work
Leading for meaningfulness:	inspiring and modeling desirable behaviors
Leading for self-determination:	delegating meaningful tasks
Leading for competence:	supporting and coaching employees
Leading for progress:	monitoring and rewarding employees
Participative management (PM)	the process of involving employees in setting goals, making decisions, solving problems, and making changes in the organization
Servant leadership	focuses on providing increased service to others—meeting the goals of both followers and the organization—rather than to oneself.
Passive leadership	form of leadership behavior characterized by a lack of leadership skills
Laissez-faire leadership	a form of “leadership” characterized by a general failure to take responsibility for leading
Contingency leadership model	determines if a leader’s style is task oriented or relationship-oriented and if that style is effective for the situation at hand
Leader-member relations	reflects the extent to which the leader has the support, loyalty, and trust of the work group
Leader-member relations	extent to which tasks are routine and easily understood
Position power	refers to how much power a leader has to make work assignments and reward and punish
Path-Goal Leadership Model	holds that the effective leader makes available to followers desirable rewards in the workplace and increases their motivation by clarifying the paths, or behavior, that will help them achieve those goals and providing them with support
Transformational leadership	transforms employees to pursue organizational goals over self-interests and influenced by individual characteristics and organizational culture
Key Behaviors of Transformational Leaders	1. Inspirational motivation 2. Idealized influence 3. Individualized consideration 4. Intellectual stimulation
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX)	emphasizes that leaders have different sorts of relationships with different subordinates
E-leadership	can involve one-to-one, one-to-many, and within-group and between-group and collective interaction via information technology
Management is about coping with	complexity
leadership is about coping with	change
Managerial leadership	defined as the process of influencing others to understand and agree about what needs to be done and the process of facilitating individual and collective efforts to accomplish shared objectives.
Personalized power	power directed at helping oneself
Socialized power	power directed at helping others
Task oriented style work best	in either high-control or low-control situations
Relationship oriented style work best	in situations of moderate control
Full range leadership	suggest that leadership behavior varies along a full range of leadership styles, from passive leadership one extreme, through transactional leadership, to transformational leadership at the other extreme.
Charisma	a form of interpersonal attraction that inspires acceptance and support.

Which leadership approach that attempts to identify distinctive characteristics that account for the effectiveness of leader?

MGMT 3103 Module 15.

Which approach to leadership asserts that a leader's effectiveness depends on the situation at hand?

Situational Leadership. Situational leadership, or leadership in context, means that leadership itself depends on the situation at hand.

Why is leadership become required for survival?

d) Because more changes are needed. As the business world has become more competitive and volatile, doing things the same way as last year (or doing it 5 percent better) is no longer a formula for success. More changes are required for survival—hence the need for leadership.

What type of leadership represents normatively appropriate behavior that focuses on being a moral role model?

Ethical leadership is defined as “leadership demonstrating and promoting 'normatively appropriate conduct through personal actions and interpersonal relations'.” When you boil it down, this really means that ethical leadership is defined as putting people into management and leadership positions who will promote and be ...

Leadership is the ability to influence employees to voluntarily pursue organizational goals.

Chapter 14

Which leadership approach that attempts to identify distinctive characteristics that account for the effectiveness of leader?

Which approach to leadership asserts that a leader's effectiveness depends on the situation at hand?

Why is leadership become required for survival?

What type of leadership represents normatively appropriate behavior that focuses on being a moral role model?

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