Normal visual sensation in the absence of complete visual perception is best illustrated by

1. Normal visual sensation in the absence of complete visual perception is best illustrated by   A) prosopagnosia.   B) synaesthesia.   C) tinnitus.   D) sensory interaction.

A) prosopagnosia.
- face blindness

2.. The process of receiving and representing stimulus energies by the nervous system is called

A) priming. B) synaesthesia. C) accommodation. D) sensation.

3.Perception is the process by which

A)stimulus energies are detected.

B)stimulus energies are transformed into neural activity.

C)sensory input is organized and interpreted.

D)nerve cells respond to specific features of a stimulus.

C)sensory input is organized and interpreted.

4. Bottom-up processing involves analysis that begins with the   A) optic nerve.   B) sensory receptors.   C) cerebral cortex.   D) feature detectors.

5. Patients who have negative expectations about the outcome of a surgical procedure may experience increased postoperative pain. This best illustrates the importance of   A) accommodation.   B) sensory adaptation.   C) difference thresholds.   D) top-down processing.

6. The minimum amount of stimulation a person needs to detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time is called the   A) adaptation threshold.   B) difference threshold.   C) subliminal threshold.   D) absolute threshold.

7. A subliminal message is one that is presented A) below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness. B) in a manner that is unconsciously persuasive. C) with very soft background music. D) repetitiously.

A) below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness.

8. In experiments, an image is quickly flashed and then replaced by a masking stimulus that inhibits conscious perception of the original image. In these experiments, the researchers are studying the effects of   A) accommodation.   B) tinnitus.   C) priming.   D) blindsight.

C) priming.
- the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response.

A) they are capable of processing information without any conscious awareness of doing so.

9. People's response to subliminal priming indicates that A) they are capable of processing information without any conscious awareness of doing so. B) their unconscious minds are incapable of resisting subliminally presented suggestions. C) they are more sensitive to subliminal sounds than to subliminal sights. D) they experience a sense of discomfort whenever they are exposed to subliminal stimuli.

B) did not help more than a placebo.

10. Experiments evaluating the impact of subliminal self-help recordings for improving memory indicated that they A) interfere with people's capacity for sensory adaptation. B) did not help more than a placebo. C) improve people's capacity for parallel processing. D) have a positive long-lasting impact on people's health.

11. Sensory adaptation refers to A) the process by which stimulus energies are changed into neural impulses. B) diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus. C) the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information. D) changes in the shape of the lens as it focuses on objects.

B) diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus.

12. Which process allows more light to reach the periphery of the retina? A) accommodation of the lens       C) dilation of the pupil B) transduction of the blind spot D) sensory adaptation of feature detectors

13. Objects are brought into focus on the retina by changes in the curve and thickness of the   A) rods and cones.   B) lens.   C) bipolar cells.   D) optic nerve.

14. The blind spot is located in the area of the retina A) called the fovea. C) where the optic nerve leaves the eye. B) that contains rods but no cones. D) where bipolar cells connect with ganglion cells.

C) where the optic nerve leaves the eye.

15. The feature detectors identified by Hubel and Weisel consist of   A) nerve cells in the brain.   B) rods and cones.   C) bipolar cells.   D) ganglion cells.

D) ganglion cells. - The axons of which converge to form the optic nerve.

16. The ability to simultaneously process the pitch, loudness, melody, and meaning of a song best illustrates   A) kinesthesis.   B) accommodation.   C) sensory adaptation.   D) parallel processing.

FLIP!!

C) blindsight. - a localized area of blindness in part of their field of vision.

17. Ms. Shields, a recent stroke victim, cannot consciously perceive the large book on the coffee table in front of her. Yet, when urged to identify the book, she correctly reads aloud the printed title on the book cover. Her response best illustrates   A) sensory adaptation.   B) synaesthesia.   C) blindsight.   D) the McGurk effect.

18. When most people stare first at a blue circle and then shift their eyes to a white surface, the afterimage of the circle appears   A) yellow.   B) red.   C) green.   D) blue.

19. The process of transducing air pressure waves into neural messages that the brain interprets as meaningful sound is known as   A) sensory interaction.   B) the vestibular sense.   C) kinesthesis.   D) audition.

20. Eardrum vibrations are transmitted by three tiny bones located in the   A) vestibular sacs.   B) inner ear.   C) cochlea.   D) middle ear.

D) middle ear.

- 3 bones: hammer, anvil, and stirrup

21. A time lag between left and right auditory stimulation is important for accurately   A) locating sounds.   B) detecting pitch.   C) recognizing rhythms.   D) judging amplitude.

22. Cocking your head would be most useful for detecting the ______ of a sound.   A) pitch   B) loudness   C) location   D) amplitude

23. The auditory cortex is especially likely to become responsive to visual input for those who A) hear with the aid of a cochlear implant. B) have cataracts surgically removed. C) have been deaf from birth. D) have a blind spot where the optic nerve leaves the eye.

C) have been deaf from birth.

24. The rubber-hand illusion best illustrates the importance of   A) Weber's law.   B) top-down processing.   C) blindsight.   D) tinnitus.

25. Our sense of the position and movement of individual body parts is called   A) feature detection.   B) accommodation.   C) kinesthesis.   D) sensory interaction.

26. Receptor cells for kinesthesis are located in the   A) fovea.   B) bones, ears, tendons, and joints.   C) olfactory bulb.   D) auditory cortex.

B) bones, ears, tendons, and joints.

27. The brain's release of endorphins reduces   A) pain.   B) tinnitus.   C) prosopagnosia.   D) retinal disparity.

28. After losing his left hand in an accident, Jack continued to experience pain in his nonexistent hand. His experience illustrates A) bottom-up processing. C) phantom limb sensations. B) sensory adaptation. D) the vestibular sense.

C) phantom limb sensations.

29. Our sense of taste originally was thought to involve only the following four sensations A) sweet, salty, starch, and bitter. C) sour, bitter, sweet, and starchy. B) salty, fatty, bitter, and sweet. D) bitter, sweet, sour, and salty.

D) bitter, sweet, sour, and salty.

30. A drink's strawberry odor enhances our perception of its sweetness. This best illustrates   A) accommodation.   B) sensory adaptation.   C) Weber's law.   D) sensory interaction.

D) sensory interaction. he principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences taste

31. For some people, hearing certain sounds may activate color-sensitive regions of the cortex so as to trigger a sensation of color. This phenomenon is called   A) tinnitus.   B) blindsight.   C) synaesthesia.   D) kinesthesis.

32. A gestalt is best described as a(n)   A) binocular cue.   B) illusion.   C) organized whole.   D) perceptual set.

33. The organizational rules identified by Gestalt psychologists illustrate that A) perception is the same as sensation. B) we learn to perceive the world through experience. C) the perceived whole differs from the sum of its parts. D) sensation has no effect on perception.

C) the perceived whole differs from the sum of its parts. (check page 264)

34. Because the two teams wore differentcolored uniforms, Cheri perceived the 10 basketball players as two distinct groups. This best illustrates the principle of   A) proximity.   B) closure.   C) similarity.   D) relative luminance.

35. The perceptual tendency to fill in gaps in order to perceive disconnected parts as a whole object is called   A) interposition.   B) closure.   C) continuity.   D) proximity.

36. The ability to see objects in three dimensions is most essential for making judgments of   A) continuity.   B) distance.   C) relative luminance.   D) stroboscopic movement.

B) distance. (check page 266)

37. The visual cliff is a laboratory device for testing ________ in infants.   A) size constancy   B) accommodation   C) depth perception   D) perceptual adaptation

C) somewhat different images our two eyes receive of the same object.

38. Retinal disparity refers to the A) tendency to see parallel lines as coming together in the distance. B) tendency to see stimuli that are near each other as parts of a unified object C) somewhat different images our two eyes receive of the same object. D) inability to distinguish figure from ground.

39. If two objects are assumed to be the same size, the object that casts the smaller retinal image is perceived to be   A) moving faster.   B) less hazy.   C) more distant.   D) closer.

40. The quick succession of briefly flashed images in a motion picture produces   A) retinal disparity.   B) the Ponzo illusion.   C) stroboscopic movement.   D) linear perspective.

41. Perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change is known as   A) interposition.   B) prosopagnosia.   C) perceptual constancy.   D) sensory adaptation.

42. As the retinal image of a horse galloping toward you becomes larger, it is unlikely that the horse will appear to grow larger. This best illustrates the importance of   A) relative luminance.   B) size constancy.   C) closure.   D) sensory interaction.

C) distance cues, which make the horizon Moon seem farther away.

43. When the Moon is near the horizon, it appears larger than when it is high in the sky. This effect is primarily a result of A) the slightly dimmer appearance of the horizon Moon. B) the scattering of the horizon Moon's light waves, which penetrate the atmosphere at an angle. C) distance cues, which make the horizon Moon seem farther away. D) the brighter appearance of the horizon Moon.

44. The brain network responsible for vision develops normally only if visual experience occurs during the first few months after birth. This suggests the importance of ________ for normal visual development.   A) perceptual adaptation   B) retinal disparity   C) a critical period   D) relative luminance

D) perceptual adaptation.

45. Although he was wearing a pair of glasses that shifted the apparent location of objects 20 degrees to his right, Lars was still able to play tennis very effectively. This best illustrates the value of   A) perceptual set.   B) shape constancy.   C) retinal disparity.   D) perceptual adaptation.

46. A concept that helps us to interpret ambiguous sensations is called a   A) gestalt.   B) schema.   C) feature detector.   D) perceptual constancy.

B) schema.
- concepts formed by experience that organize and interpret unfamiliar info.

47. The influence of schemas on our interpretations of ambiguous sensations best illustrates   A) shape constancy.   B) top-down processing.   C) psychokinesis.   D) the phi phenomenon.

48. Although Sue Yen sees her chemistry professor several times a week, she didn't recognize the professor when she saw her in the grocery store. This best illustrates the importance of   A) relative luminance.   B) context effects.   C) interposition.   D) perceptual adaptation.

49. Effectively designing physical environments—such as the layout of a kitchen—in a way that maximizes safe and efficient meal preparation is of special interest to A) Gestalt psychologists. C) human factors psychologists. B) evolutionary psychologists. D) parapsychologists.

C) human factors psychologists

50. Parapsychology refers to the A) study of phenomena such as ESP and psychokinesis. B) study of perceptual illusions. C) study of the phi phenomenon. D) direct transmission of thoughts from one mind to another.

A) study of phenomena such as ESP and psychokinesis. - ESP the controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input

- ESP - the cont

51. Psychics who have worked with police departments in an effort to solve difficult crimes have demonstrated the value of   A) clairvoyance.   B) telepathy.   C) precognition.   D) none of these things.

D) none of these things. (CHECK)

In the alveoli, the oxygen level is never as high as in the air just outside the body because a.) Mouth and nose remove oxygen b.) Fresh air mixes with the used air c.) All of the air exits on exhalation d.) All three are correct reasons for the level change

b.) Fresh air mixes with used air

What processes visual sensations into meaningful perceptions?

Which theory predicts when we will first notice a faint stimulus presented amid competing background stimulation?

What is the difference between visual sensation and visual perception?

What is visual perception quizlet?