The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is Quizlet

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1. Science
2. Biology
3. Anatomy

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Terms in this set (88)

Which of the following is true of the endocrine system?
A) It responds rapidly to stimuli.
B) It responds specifically to digestive stimuli.
C) It communicates by the release of neurotransmitters.
D) It responds with motor output.
E) It responds slowly but effectively for maintaining homeostatic functions

E) It responds slowly but effectively for maintaining homeostatic functions.*

Endocrine cells
A) are a type of nerve cell.
B) release their secretions onto an epithelial surface.
C) release their secretions directly into body fluids such as blood.
D) contain few vesicles.
E) are modified connective tissue cells.

C) release their secretions directly into body fluids such as blood.*

________ are chemical messengers that are released by cells and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.
A) Hormones
B) Neuropeptides
C) Neurotransmitters
D) Humoral antibodies
E) Antigens

Hormones

A hormone might
A) alter a membrane channel by changing its shape, thereby affecting what can go through it.
B) depolarize a skeletal muscle cell.
C) interfere with norepinephrine at a neuronal synapse.
D) inactivate glucose so it cannot be used by a cell.
E) block the production of a cell membrane.

) alter a membrane channel by changing its shape, thereby affecting what can go through it.*

Which of the following is not true regarding target cells?
A) They have receptors for a specific hormone.
B) They can be anywhere in the body.
C) They are associated with synapses.
D) They can respond to more than one hormone if they have receptors for each one.
E) If a target cell lacks receptors for a hormone then it cannot bind that hormone.

C) They are associated with synapses.

*Hormones known as "catecholamines" are
A) lipids.
B) peptides.
C) steroids.
D) derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine.
E) derivatives of reproductive glands.

D) derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine.

Peptide hormones are
A) composed of amino acids.
B) produced by the adrenal glands.
C) derived from the amino acid tyrosine.
D) lipids.
E) chemically related to cholesterol.

A) composed of amino acids.

*Calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein
A) calcitonin.
B) calcitriol.
C) calmodulin.
D) calcium-binding globulin.
E) calcitropin.

C) calmodulin.

Which of the following substances acts as a second messenger?
A) insulin
B) ACTH
C) epinephrine
D) cyclic AMP*
E) TSH

D) cyclic AMP*

Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative except
A) epinephrine.
B) norepinephrine.
C) thyroid hormone.
D) testosterone.
E) melatonin.

D) testosterone.

Membrane receptors are used by which of the following types of hormones?
A) catecholamines
B) peptide hormones
C) eicosanoids
D) thyroid
E) catecholamines, peptide hormones, and eicosanoids

E) catecholamines, peptide hormones, and eicosanoids

Steroid hormones
A) are proteins.
B) cannot diffuse through cell membranes.
C) bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.
D) act on target cells by activating second messenger cascades.
E) are transported in the blood dissolved in the plasma.

C) bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.

*When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the
A) hormone receptor complex moves into the cytoplasm.
B) cell membrane becomes depolarized.
C) second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.
D) cell becomes inactive.
E) hormone is transported to the nucleus where it alters the activity of DNA.

C) second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.

Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include all of the following except
A) peptides.
B) steroids.
C) eicosanoids.
D) amino acid derivatives.
E) acetylcholine derivatives.

E) acetylcholine derivatives.

?Hormonal actions on cells affect all of the following except
A) quantities of enzymes.
B) activities of enzymes.
C) synthesis of enzymes.
D) gating of ion channels.
E) thickness of the plasma membrane.

E) thickness of the plasma membrane.

The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually
A) cAMP.
B) cGMP.
C) adenyl cyclase.
D) a G protein.
E) calcium ion levels.

D) a G protein.

After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex,
A) adenyl cyclase is activated.
B) cyclic nucleotides are formed.
C) G proteins are phosphylated.
D) gene transcription is initiated.
E) protein kinases are activated.

D) gene transcription is initiated.

The humoral control of hormone release may be triggered which of the following factors?
A) blood level of an ion like calcium
B) blood level of a pituitary hormone
C) blood level of a hypothalamic hormone
D) nervous stimuli
E) neurotransmitter activation

A) blood level of an ion like calcium

Which of the following hormones is/are water soluble and therefore bind(s) to extracellular receptors?
A) insulin
B) epinephrine
C) cortisol
D) calcitriol
E) insulin and epinephrine

E) insulin and epinephrine*

*The intracellular protein ________ binds calcium ion. This complex can then activate enzymes.
A) prostaglandin
B) phosphodiesterase
C) cyclic AMP
D) calmodulin
E) kinase

D) calmodulin*

Receptors for ________, peptide hormones, and eicosanoids are found in the cell membranes of target cells.
A) catecholamines
B) carbohydrates
C) kinases
D) genes
E) acetylcholine

A) catecholamines

Cells that respond to a hormone are called ________ cells.
A) stem
B) pluripotent
C) germ
D) target
E) peripheral

...

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the second-messenger mechanism of hormone action?
A) Hormone effects are amplified.
B) G proteins and cAMP are used.
C) Receptors are on the cell surface.
D) Cellular operations are altered by direct stimulation of a gene.

D) Cellular operations are altered by direct stimulation of a gene.

Upon binding of a single first messenger to a plasma membrane, thousands of second messengers may become activated. This effect is known as
A) receptor down-regulation.
B) receptor up-regulation.
C) amplification.
D) humoral stimuli.
E) synergism.

...

Leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes are all examples of
A) amino acid derivatives.
B) eicosanoids.
C) tyrosine derivatives.
D) glycoproteins.
E) steroid hormones.

B) eicosanoids.*

Which hormone is not correctly matched?
A) epinephrine: amino acid derivative
B) insulin: peptide hormone
C) testosterone: amino acid derivative
D) cortisol: lipid derivative
E) eicosanoids: lipid derivative

C) testosterone: amino acid derivative

*The most complex endocrine responses involve the
A) thyroid gland.
B) pancreas.
C) adrenal glands.
D) hypothalamus.
E) thymus gland.

D) hypothalamus.*

Destruction of the posterior portion of the pituitary gland would have which of the following results?
A) loss of ADH secretion
B) loss of GH secretion
C) loss of melatonin secretion
D) loss of thyroid stimulating hormone secretion
E) loss of prolactin secretion

A) loss of ADH secretion*

If the hypophyseal portal system is destroyed, the hypothalamus would no longer be able to control the secretion of which of the following hormones?
A) TSH
B) ACTH
C) PRL
D) ADH and OXT
E) TSH, ACTH, PRL

E) TSH, ACTH, PRL*

*Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of
A) ACTH.
B) ADH.
C) oxytocin.
D) TSH.
E) LH.

ADH

*The hypothalamus controls secretion in the adenohypophysis by:
A) direct neural stimulation.
B) indirect osmotic control.
C) secreting releasing and inhibiting hormones into the hypophysealportal system.
D) altering ion concentrations and pH in the anterior pituitary.
E) gap synaptic junctions.

C) secreting releasing and inhibiting hormones into the hypophysealportal system.*

Each of the following hormones is produced by the adenohypophysis except:
A) FSH.
B) oxytocin.
C) TSH.
D) corticotropin.

oxytocin

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is:
A) TSH.
B) ACTH.
C) FSH.
D) LH.
E) GH.

TSH

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is:
A) TSH.
B) ACTH.
C) FSH.
D) LH.
E) GH.

ACTH

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is
A) TSH.
B) ACTH.
C) FSH.
D) LH.
E) GH.

FSH

The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is:
A) TSH.
B) ACTH.
C) FSH.
D) LH.
E) GH.

LH

The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is:
A) TSH.
B) ACTH.
C) growth hormone.
D) FSH.
E) prolactin.

Prolactin

The term used to describe excess production of urine is:
A) polyuria.
B) polydipsia.
C) hematuria.
D) glycosuria.
E) polyphagia.

Polyuria

The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is/are
A) oxytocin.
B) prolactin.
C) luteinizing hormone.
D) follicle stimulating hormone.
E) both oxytocin and luteinizing hormone.

Oxytocin

The posterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the
A) basal ganglion.
B) infundibulum.
C) adenohypophysis.
D) mesencephalon.
E) neurohypophysis.

E) neurohypophysis.*

The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the
A) basal ganglion.
B) infundibulum.
C) adenohypophysis.
D) mesencephalon.
E) neurohypophysis.

C) adenohypophysis.*

Hormones produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called
A) tropic hormones.
B) androgens.
C) somatotropins.
D) immunogens.
E) gonadotropins.

E) gonadotropins.*

*Abnormally low production of LH and FSH results in
A) diabetes insipidus.
B) a diabetogenic effect.
C) hypogonadism.
D) a glucose-sparing effect.
E) hypocortisolism.

C) hypogonadism.*

*The pituitary gland is located within this structure.
A) the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
B) hypoglossal canal
C) crista galli
D) sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
E) petrous part of the temporal bone

D) sella turcica of the sphenoid bone*

Milk production is stimulated by ________, milk ejection from mammary glands is stimulated by ________.
A) somatomedin; MSH
B) prolactin; oxytocin
C) oxytocin; prolactin
D) MSH; somatomedin
E) LH; FSH

B) prolactin; oxytocin*

*Activity of which of the following cells is inhibited by calcitonin release?
A) alpha cells
B) osteoclasts
C) osteoblasts
D) C cells
E) all cells in the body

B) osteoclasts*

*All of the following are known effects of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues except
A) increased oxygen consumption.
B) increased heart rate.
C) increased sensitivity to autonomic stimulation.
D) increased body temperature.
E) decreased cellular metabolism.

...

*The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is
A) somatotropin.
B) thyroxine.*
C) calcitonin.
D) parathyroid hormone.
E) glucagon.

B) thyroxine.

*A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is
A) parathyroid hormone.
B) thyroxine.
C) calcitonin.
D) glucagon.
E) oxytocin.

C) calcitonin.*

*The C cells of the thyroid gland produce
A) thyroxine.
B) TSH.
C) calcitonin.
D) PTH.
E) triiodothyronine.

C) calcitonin.*

*Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to decreased levels of calcium ion in the blood via inhibition of ________.
A) thymosin; osteocytes
B) calcitonin; osteoclasts
C) PTH; osteocytes
D) aldosterone; osteoclasts
E) cortisol; osteoblasts

B) calcitonin; osteoclasts*

*The control of calcitonin excretion is an example of direct ________ regulation.
A) endocrine
B) pancreatic
C) homeostatic
D) hepatic
E) vascular

A) endocrine*

*Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the
A) kidneys.
B) heart.
C) thyroid gland.
D) gonads.
E) pituitary gland.

C) thyroid gland.*

*The thyroid gland is composed of many ________ that produce and store thyroid hormone.
A) tubules
B) follicles
C) ducts
D) capillaries
E) plexuses

B) follicles*

*Thyroid hormones are structural derivatives of the amino acid
A) glutamic acid.
B) epinephrine.
C) iodine.
D) tyrosine.
E) glycine.

D) tyrosine.*

*The specific target cells of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine are
A) the cells of the parathyroid glands.
B) the cells of the pituitary gland.
C) all cells of the body.
D) the cells of the ovaries and testes.
E) the cells of the thymus gland.

C) all cells of the body.*

*Follicle cells in the thyroid gland synthesize a protein called
A) calcitonin.
B) thyroglobulin.
C) transthyretin.
D) albumin.
E) colloid.

B) thyroglobulin.*

*The majority of thyroid hormones are secreted as ________ but small amounts of ________ is also secreted from the follicle.
A) transthyretin; calcitonin
B) T3; calcitonin
C) T4; T3
D) thyroglobulin; transthyretin
E) calcitonin; colloid

C) T4; T3*

*Thyroid hormone may increase cellular ATP production by binding to
A) the cytoplasm.
B) the outer surface of the plasma membrane.
C) the inner surface of the plasma membrane.
D) the mitochondria.
E) the vesicles.

D) the mitochondria.*

*If dietary iodine levels are deficient you would expect that plasma TSH levels would be ________ and that plasma thyroxine levels would be ________.
A) high; low
B) low; high
C) unchanged; low
D) low; unchanged
E) low; low

A) high; low*

*Before the discovery of these glands, thyroid surgery often led to a rapid drop in blood calcium levels, which triggered muscle contractions and cardiac arrhythmias. What glands are these and which hormone is lacking?
A) thyroid glands; calcitonin
B) parathyroid glands; calcitonin
C) parathyroid glands; parathyroid hormone
D) thyroid glands; levothyroxine
E) parathyroid glands; levothyroxine

A) thyroid glands; calcitonin*

*Parathyroid hormone does all of the following except
A) stimulate osteoclast activity.
B) inhibit osteoblast activity.
C) build up bone.
D) stimulate the formation and secretion of calcitriol at the kidneys.
E) enhance the reabsorption of calcium at the kidneys.

D) stimulate the formation and secretion of calcitriol at the kidneys.*

The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is:
A) insulin.
B) glucagon.
C) growth hormone.
D) parathyroid hormone.
E) thyroid hormone.

D) parathyroid hormone.*

The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that
A) stimulates the formation of white blood cells.
B) increases the level of calcium ions in the blood.
C) increases the level of sodium ions in the blood.
D) increases the level of potassium ions in the blood.
E) increases the level of glucose in the blood.

B) increases the level of calcium ions in the blood.*

A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is
A) cortisol.
B) parathormone.
C) thymosin.
D) somatotropin.
E) aldosterone.

E) aldosterone.*

Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of
A) antidiuretic hormone.
B) calcitonin.
C) aldosterone.*
D) cortisone.
E) oxytocin.

C) aldosterone.*

The adrenal medulla produces the hormones
A) synephrine and neosynephrine.
B) epinephrine and norepinephrine.*
C) corticosterone and testosterone.
D) androgens and progesterone.
E) cortisone and cortisol.

B) epinephrine and norepinephrine.*

Melatonin is produced by the
A) thymus.
B) pineal gland.
C) kidneys.
D) skin.
E) heart.

B) pineal gland.*

Alpha cells are to ________ as beta cells are to ________.
A) glucagon; insulin
B) somatostatin; insulin
C) insulin; glucagon
D) glucagon; somatostatin
E) pancreatic polypeptide; insulin

A) glucagon; insulin*

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is
A) cortisol.
B) somatotropin.
C) insulin.
D) glucagon.
E) aldosterone.

C) insulin.*

Which of the following statements is true about the pancreas?
A) The pancreas lies over the top of the stomach.
B) The sole function of the pancreas is to produce hormones.
C) The pituitary gland produces stimulating hormones that control the pancreas.
D) The islets contain a variety of different cells producing different hormones.
E) The pancreas stores glucose, which can be released into the blood.

D) The islets contain a variety of different cells producing different hormones.*

When blood glucose levels fall:
A) insulin is released.
B) glucagon is released.
C) peripheral cells take up more glucose.
D) protein synthesis increases.
E) calcitonin is secreted.

B) glucagon is released.*

The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce
A) insulin.
B) glucagon.
C) somatostatin.
D) cortisol.
E) peptide P.

A) insulin.*

Which of the following hormones stimulates skeletal muscle fibers to take in glucose from the blood?
A) calcitonin
B) cortisol
C) insulin
D) glucagon
E) parathyroid hormone

C) insulin*

Which of the following directly regulates the secretion of insulin?
A) parasympathetic nervous system
B) sympathetic nervous system
C) blood glucose concentration
D) hypothalamus
E) tropic hormones from the pituitary gland

C) blood glucose concentration*

All of the pancreatic hormones are regulated by
A) the adenohypophysis.
B) the liver.
C) the neurohypophysis.
D) the thyroid gland.
E) nutrient concentrations in the blood.

E) nutrient concentrations in the blood.*

Type 2 diabetes
A) can usually be controlled by diet and exercise rather than with medication.
B) is associated with an immune reaction to the pancreatic cells.
C) is a lack of insulin production.
D) is typically diagnosed in the very young.
E) is not as common as type 1 diabetes.

A) can usually be controlled by diet and exercise rather than with medication.*

At about 4pm in the afternoon, you could expect that ________ will be released if you have not eaten since pm.
A) insulin
B) glucagon
C) melatonin
D) pancreatic polypeptide
E) insulin and glucagon

B) glucagon*

Which of the following is not true regarding Type 1 Diabetes?
A) pancreatic destruction of beta cells
B) need insulin injections or infusion
C) tissues exhibit insulin resistance
D) accounts for only about 5% of cases of diabetes
E) usually diagnosed in children or young adults

C) tissues exhibit insulin resistance*

The interstitial endocrine cells of the testes produce
A) LH.
B) progesterone.
C) testosterone.
D) inhibin.
E) FSH.

C) testosterone.*

Follicle cells in the ovary secrete ________ when stimulated by FSH.
A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) testosterone
D) inhibin
E) gonadotropins

A) estrogen

A structure known as the corpus luteum secretes
A) testosterone.
B) progesterone.
C) aldosterone.
D) cortisone.
E) androstenedione.

B) progesterone.*

The hormone that opposes the release of FSH in both males and females is
A) testosterone.
B) LH.
C) inhibin.
D) aldosterone.
E) somatostatin.

C) inhibin.*

Which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells and has been synthetically used in "blood dopers"?
A) cortisol
B) erythropoietin
C) thymosin
D) aldosterone
E) atrial natriuretic peptide

B) erythropoietin*

*The heart secretes the hormone
A) progesterone.
B) oxytocin.
C) thymosin.
D) thyroxine.
E) atrial natriuretic peptide.

E) atrial natriuretic peptide.*

*Which is not a component of the RAAS and does not contribute to blood volume and electrolyte homeostasis?
A) renin
B) angiotensin
C) ADH
D) aldosterone
E) androgens

E) androgens*

*Increased aggressive and assertive behavior is associated with an increase in which of the following hormones?
A) somatostatin
B) thyroxine
C) growth hormone
D) androgens
E) insulin

D) androgens*

Normal growth is dependent on all of the following hormones except
A) thyroid hormones.
B) oxytocin.
C) growth hormone.
D) insulin.
E) glucocorticoids.

B) oxytocin.*

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