The traditional systems development life cycle (sdlc) is divided into _____ phases.

_____ data exist in a format that does not lend itself to processing that yields information.

Which of the following refers to the situation where different versions of the same data are stored at different places because they weren't updated consistently?

They enhance the user's ability to understand the data.

Which of the following is true of spreadsheet applications?

_____ relates to the activities that make the database execute transactions more efficiently in terms of storage and access speed.

_______  is data about data through which the end-user data are integrated and managed.

A(n) _____ database supports a relatively small number of users (usually fewer than 50) or a specific department within an organization.

A workgroup database is a(n) _____ database.

_____ data exist in the format in which they were collected.

the data always yields consistent results.

Data is said to be verifiable if:

The organization of data within folders in a manual file system is determined by _______.

The term _____ refers to an organization of components that define and regulate the collection, storage, management and use of data within a database environment.

_____ is the result of revealing the meaning of raw facts.

_____ provide a description of the data characteristics and the set of relationships that link the data found within the database.

A(n) _______ is a specific request issued to the DBMS for data manipulation.

A(n) _____ database is used by an organization and supports many users across many departments.

A _____ is a logically connected set of one or more fields that describes a person, place, or thing.

A desktop database is a _____ database.

Most data that can be encountered are best classified as _____.

The term _______ refers to scattered locations storing the same basic data.

Raw data must be properly _______ for storage, processing and presentation.

_______ refers to a type of database that stores most of its data in RAM rather than in hard disks.​

_____ is defined as the condition in which all of the data in the database are consistent with the real-world events and conditions.

_____ exists when different versions of the same data appear in different places.

_____ are the result of formatting disorganized data in order to facilitate storage, use and generation of information.

A _____ is a collection of related records.

Data warehouse contains historical data obtained from the _____.

______  exists when different and conflicting versions of the same data appear in different places.

Accurate, relevant, and timely information is the key to ____.

The response of the DBMS to a query is the _________

A _____ is a character or group of characters that has a specific meaning.

_____ serve as the intermediary between the user and the database.

An XML database supports the storage and management of _____ XML data.

______  exists when the same data are stored unnecessarily at different places.

A(n) _____ might be written by a programmer or it might be created through a DBMS utility program.

raw facts of interest to the end user

_____ is the body of information and facts about a specific subject.

_____  is the result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning.

The database structure in a DBMS is stored as a _____.

DBMS (database management system)

A(n) ________  is a collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the data stored in the database.

The DBMS uses the _______  to look up the required data component structures and relationships, thus relieving programmers from having to code such complex relationships in each program.

Each column in a relation represents a(n) _______

Each row in a relation is called a(n) _______

A(n) ______  is a brief, precise, and unambiguous description of a policy, procedure, or principle within a specific organization.

The _____ model was developed to allow designers to use a graphical tool to examine structures rather than describing them with text.

MySQL is an example of the _____.

A(n) _____'s main function is to help one understand the complexities of the real-world environment.

One of the limitations of the _____ model is that there is a lack of standards.

They can serve as a communication tool between the users and designers.

Which of the following is true of business rules?

The _____ data model is said to be a semantic data model.

A(n) _____ is bidirectional.

UML (Unified Modeling Language)

_______is a language based on OO concepts that describes a set of diagrams and symbols used to graphically model a system.

An internal _____ refers to a specific representation of an internal model, using the database constructs supported by the chosen database.

The _____ model is the end users' view of the data environment.

The _____ data model uses the concept of inheritance.

_____ are important because they help to ensure data integrity.

Students and classes have a _____ relationship.

In the _____ model, the basic logical structure is represented as an upside-down tree.

The _____ model uses the term connectivity to label the relationship types.

A(n) ______ is a collection of similar objects with a shared structure and behavior.

A(n) _____ is anything about which data are to be collected and stored.

A noun in a business rule translates to a(n) _____ in the data model.

From a database point of view, the collection of data becomes meaningful only when it reflects properly defined _____.

In the _____ model, each parent can have many children, but each child has only one parent.

In the _____ model, the user perceives the database as a collection of records in 1:M relationships, where each record can have more than one parent.

data definition language (DDL)

A(n) _____ enables a database administrator to describe schema components.

_____ are normally expressed in the form of rules.

A(n) _____ is the equivalent of a field in a file system.

A verb associating two nouns in a business rule translates to a(n) _____ in the data model.

After testing is concluded, the final ______is reviewed and printed and end users are trained.

When selecting DBMS ______ , items to consider include processors, RAM, and disk space.

The implementation and loading phase of the Database Life Cycle (DBLC) involves _____.

A _______ is an information system component that handles a specific business function, such as inventory, orders, or payroll.

identify the ER model's central entity

The first step in the ER model verification process is to _____.

The process of creating an information system is known as _____.

Programmers use database tools to _______ the applications during coding of the programs. 

distributed database design

In the context of the database design process, the conceptual design step that defines the fragmentation and allocation strategy is _____.

The ______ goal is to design an enterprise-wide database based on a specific data model but independent of physical-level details.

The term _____ describes the strength of the relationships found among a module's entities.

The maintenance and evolution phase of the Database Life Cycle (DBLC) involves _____.

Discovery of user requirements, existing system evaluation, and logical system design are part of the _____ phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC).

Selecting database management system (DBMS) software is part of the _____ phase of the Database Life Cycle (DBLC).

_____ is the process of determining the data storage organization and data access characteristics of the database to ensure its integrity, security, and performance. 

Producing the required information flow is part of the _____ phase of the Database Life Cycle (DBLC).

Coding, testing, and debugging are part of the _____ phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC).

During decentralized design, after the _____ has been completed, all modules are integrated into one conceptual model.

The logical systems design is created during the _____ phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC).

_____ is the process that establishes the need for, and the extent of, an information system.

identify, analyze, and refine the business rules

The first step in developing the conceptual model using ER diagrams is to _____.

maintenance and evolution

The last step in the Database Life Cycle (DBLC) is _____.

_____  are usually provided by the database management system (DBMS) to check for access violations. 

technical aspects of hardware and software requirements. 

The feasibility study during the planning phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) must address the:

_______allows the assignment of access rights to specific authorized users.

The system's____ defines the extent of the design according to operational requirements.

Which of the following is a hardware-induced database failure?

The first step in _____  is to discover the data element characteristics.

_____ is a technique that creates logical representations of computing resources that are independent of the underlying physical computing resources. 

The database contents are loaded during the _____ phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC).

A(n) ______is a carefully designed and constructed repository of facts that is a part of a larger whole known as an information system.

"What are the requirements of the current system's end users?" is a question asked during the _____ phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC).

Database Life Cycle (DBLC)

Making sure that the final product meets user and system requirements is the most critical ______ phase. 

The proposed system is subject to limits known as  _______, which are external to the system.

The implementation of _____ applications tends to prolong the operational life of systems by making them easier to update and maintain.

A designer must have a thorough understanding of the company's data types, extent, and uses in order to develop an accurate ______

In a(n) _____, only the objects that have been updated or modified since the last full backup are backed up.

Because real-world database design is generally done by teams, the database design is probably divided into major components known as _________

data analysis and requirements

In the context of the database design process, the conceptual design step that determines end-user views, outputs, and transaction-processing requirements is _____.

In DBLC, the phase after the database initial study is _____.

______  could become a very technical job that affects not only the accessibility of the data in the storage device(s) but also the performance of the system.

The _________ stage uses data modeling to create an abstract database structure that represents real-world objects in the most realistic way possible.

Once the data has been loaded into the database, the _____ tests and fine-tunes the database for performance, integrity, concurrent access, and security constraints.

_______ allow end users to access the database without being able to download the information from their workstations. 

An initial assessment of the information flow-and-extent requirements must be made during the _______ portion of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC).

A ________ rule is a brief and precise narrative of a policy, procedure, or principle within a specific organization's environment.

_____ can render data useless to unauthorized users who might have violated some of the database security layers.

"Should the existing system be replaced?" is a question that is asked during the _____ stage of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC).

The traditional Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) phases are _______ analysis, detailed systems design, implementation, and maintenance.

The traditional Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is divided into _____ phases.

The advent of very sophisticated application generators and _______ has substantially decreased coding and testing time.

_____ relationships can be implemented by creating a new entity in 1:M relationships with the original entities.

In the relational model, _____ are important because they are used to ensure that each row in a table is uniquely identifiable.

Referential _____ dictates that the foreign key must contain values that match the primary key in the related table, or must contain null.

A(n) ______ provides a detailed description of all tables found within the user/designer-created database.

When you define a table's primary key, the DBMS automatically creates a(n) _____ index on the primary key column(s) you declared.

_____ returns only the attributes requested, in the order in which they are requested.

A(n) _____ only returns matched records from the tables that are being joined.

The proper use of ______ keys is crucial to controlling data redundancy.

To be considered minimally relational, the DBMS must support the key relational operators _____, PROJECT, and JOIN.

A _____ is any key that uniquely identifies each row.

Each table _____ represents an attribute.

A(n) _____ is an orderly arrangement used to logically access rows in a table.

Another name for a composite entity is a(n) _____ entity.

A(n) ______ index is an index in which the index key can have only one pointer value (row) associated with it.

A primary key is a(n) ______ key chosen to be the primary means by which rows of a table are uniquely identified.

_____ are especially useful when you are trying to determine what values in related tables cause referential integrity problems.

A _____ key is defined as a key that is used strictly for data retrieval purposes.

_____, also known as RESTRICT, yields values for all rows found in a table that satisfy a given condition.

The _____ is actually a system-created database whose tables store the user/designer-created database characteristics and contents.

The CUSTOMER table's primary key is CUS_CODE. The CUSTOMER primary key column has no null entries, and all entries are unique. This is an example of _____ integrity.

logical data independence

According to Codd's _____ rule of relational database, "Application programs and ad hoc facilities are logically unaffected when changes are made to the table structures that preserve the original table values (changing order of columns or inserting columns)."

A(n) _____ join links tables by selecting only the rows with common values in their common attribute(s).

_____ logic, used extensively in mathematics, provides a framework in which an assertion (statement of fact) can be verified as either true or false.

A _____ is the primary key of one table that has been placed into another table to create a common attribute.

Date attributes contain calendar dates stored in a special format known as the _____ date format.

In a relational model, _____ are also used to establish relationships among tables and to ensure the integrity of the data.

The _____ relationship should be rare in any relational database design.

The _____ relationship is the "relational model ideal."

The _____ constraint can be placed on a column to ensure that every row in the table has a value for that column.

In a database context, the word _____ indicates the use of the same attribute name to label different attributes.

How many phases is the traditional systems development life cycle SDLC divided into?

What are the five phases of the traditional SDLC?

What are the 4 parts of the system development life cycle?

What are the phases of the traditional system life cycle model?