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Terms in this set (134)true or false: Ethnocentrism is the attitude that no one group or culture is better than any other. false is defined as an explanation for the origin or history of the world cosmology is a term that encompasses relationships formed through blood connections. consanguineal true or false: One's biologic sex is not any different than one's gender, which is socially and historically constructed. false Biological determinism is: the theory that males and females were supposedly born fundamentally different reproductively-speaking, and were "naturally" sexually attracted to each other, but the woman's sexual "drive" was not very well developed relative to a man's. The ___________ of southwest China and Thailand, as well as the Na, believe in a complementary gender system in which men and women have distinct expected roles, but a male-female pair, or a ____________, is necessary to accomplish most daily tasks. These male-female pairs complete daily household tasks in tandem and work together in the fields. Lahu; dyad This anthropologist was one of the first ethnographers to do anthropology by being fully immersed in another culture (i.e. living in that culture). S/he was known as going "native," and a posthumously published diary explosed her/his mostly negative feelings towards the people in the culture where s/he was living. THE ANSWER IS NOT Napoleon Chagnon OR Ruth Benedict true or false: By at least age three, we learn about the categories of gender in our culture - for example, in some cultures that individuals are either "male"/"female" - and that elaborate beliefs, behaviors, and meanings are associated with each gender. This complex set of ideas is called a biological sex ideology. false The excerpt of the documentary on Genie that we watched in class (and that was available for you to watch via Moodle on your own as well) demonstrated which one of Chomsky's linguistic theories or hypotheses? critical age range The use of several language varieties in a particular interaction is known as ___________________. code switching In this course, you will have a total of ten (10) discussions in which to participate throughout this semester. How many points is your personal post/personal reaction worth for each module's discussion? 10 points Based on our textbook, which of the following statements best describes in one sentence what anthropology is? Anthropology is the academic discipline that studies humanity across all space and time. According to the NPR All Things Considered podcast assigned for this week's Module 1, please tell me in 2-3 sentences maximum:Who was Franz Boas? What was Franz Boas known for? Fraz Boas is described as the "father of anthropology." He is known for his study on the scientific method and applying that method to anthropology. He also discovered that most people believe that their culture is better than other cultures. What is Netiquette? the general guidelines for Internet-based communications How can you succeed in this class? Choose all that apply. Be organized physically and/or digitally, contact me when in doubt, and be active on Moodle True or False. Professor Tooher does accept late assignments (typed up essay-style assigned papers) in ANTH 2052. false what virtual platform do we meet on for office hours? zoom What are the four academic subfields of anthropology? linguistic anthropology, physical anthropology, cultural anthropology, archaeology Your grade in ANTH 2052 consists of 5 main parts. They are: online discussion participation, quizzes, assignments, a mid-term exam, and no final exam/project true or false: Your mid-term exam is worth 15%, or 150 points, of your total course grade. true Which parts the human mouth and throat have seen physical adaptations that, as a result, set us apart from great apes and give us a greater capacity for language beyond what great apes have? larynx, pharynx, palate Who is considered the father of American linguistic anthropology? Edward Sapir The survival of a language of a given speech community is ultimately based on the accumulation of individual decisions by its speakers to continue using it or to abandon it. If the speakers so choose to abandon their language and adopt the use of a different language this is referred to as ___________________________. language shift TRUE OR FALSE? Linguist Benjamin Whorf believed that a language affects culture by influencing how its speakers think; that is, the words and the structures of a language influence how its speakers think about the world, how they behave, and ultimately the culture itself. true According to our textbook, "I ain't" or dis and dat for this and that are examples of what in English? vernaculars Linguist Noam Chomsky suggested that all languages share properties of _________________________, a basic template for all human languages, which he believed was embedded in our genes and allowed all human children to acquire language. Universal Grammar TRUE OF FALSE? Language does not represent a marker of identity nor is it an emblem of group membership and solidarity. false TRUE OR FALSE? The use of several language varieties in a particular interaction is known as vernacular-switching. false What is a phoneme? the minimal unit of sound; it does not by itself carry meaning TRUE OR FALSE? According to Chomsky, all languages are systematic, rule driven, and equally complex overall. true This linguist examined the pervasive existence of metaphors in everyday speech. S/he believed these metaphors predisposed a speaker's world view and attitudes on a variety of human experiences. George Lakoff TRUE OR FALSE? It has been predicted that by the end of this century (the 21st century) up to 90 percent of the languages spoken today will be gone. This prediction, of course, is of great concern to both linguists and anthropologists. true A ____________________ is a simplified language form, pieced together based mainly on one core language and uses a small number of phonemes, minimal lexicon, and basic syntactic rules. pidgin Descriptive linguists do language research called ____________________. phonology The study of pragmatics examines what aspects of language? the social and cultural aspects of meaning and interaction affects it TRUE OR FALSE? The study of the structure of language is called descriptive linguistics. true The sociologist, Emile Durkheim, believed that religion played an important role in that it created shared definitions of these two things: sacred and profane Bronislaw Malinowski believed that religious beliefs met what needs? Psychological Karl Marx, a philosopher and historian, believed religion was an ideology that helped justify what? power and status What is collective effervescence? a passion that arrises when groups of people share the same thoughts and emotions In Western societies, what term is used to describe the creative works and expressions of a culture such as sculpture, drawing, painting, dance, theatre, music, and literature, as well as the processes used to produce them? art true or false: Australian Aboriginal peoples began to produce acrylic paintings to be sold in the art market in the 1970s, based on ancient techniques and styles that were originally of profound religious and spiritual significance. This is an ethnographic example of how people whose products have been appropriated as art also begin to produce art for themselves and others by intention. true or false? true What term is used to include the study of music and social, cultural, or gender identity; the role of music and musicians in a society; the effect of music on social life; and the study of sound as a form of communication?
ethnomusicology exist(s) in urban cities such as Mumbai because families have something in common, for financial reasons, to match people with others from the "correct" social, economic, or religious group, etc. arranged marriage For those Japanese people interviewed for Kristof's article, the secret to the survival of the marriage between a man and a woman is passion. true or false? false a social contract between two individuals defining rights and obligations of married individuals and their offsprings societal regulation of relationships are carries for implanted fertilized eggs of couples who wish to have a child or can also be legal mothers, although not necessarily biological ones, adoption surrogate mothers existed to preserve the "color line" biologically by outlawing inter- racial courtship and marriage anti-miscegenation laws tend to have the strictest controls over marriage stratified inegalitarian societies true or false: A conjugal family is: parents who are in a culturally-recognized relationship, such as marriage, along with their minor or dependent children. true or false true What is the name of the person who conducted early anthropological studies of Native American cultures, documenting Iroquois language used to describe family members? Lewis Henry Morgan is a term that encompasses relationships formed through blood connections. consanguineal Kristof's article argues that the social pressure of _____________ keeps family bonds, such as those of marriage, in place. shame The maternal line of a family and relationships between mothers and their children Matrilineal descent The kind of kinship that involves descent through only one line or side of the family are considered this Unilineal descent family is defined by descent from both the father and mothers side of the family bilateral descent focused on parents and children, with aunts, uncles, cousins, grandparents and grandchildren Bilateral kinship group the paternal line of the family, or fathers, and their children Patrilineal descent In Whiteley's article, he explains that in 1852 with their gifts for President ___________, the Hopi had sought to embrace the president on their own terms of sociality and mutuality by extending ____________ to the President. Fillmore, kinship This term is used to describe what is created by different kinship systems to provide its members with a sense of identity and social support. descent groups Among this cultural group, a mothers' brother is more likely to be a figure of authority than a father. hopi true or false: Physical anthropologists use the term cline to refer to differences in the traits that occur in populations across a geographical area. true Variations in human physical and genetic traits are ________________________, meaning that each trait is inherited independently, not bundled together in a "racial" group. For example, there is no correlation between skin color and other characteristics such as blood type and lactose intolerance. nonconcordant A trait may be more common in one geographical area than another, but the variation is gradual and continuous with no sharp breaks is referred to as a(n)_______________. In physical anthropological studies, a good example of this is _____________. species; lactose intolerance Japan has an interesting way of constructing race that is not associated with Western society or African slavery. Though physically and genetically indistiguishable from other Japanese people, this group is socially stigmatized and outcast because they are descendents of people who worked dirty, low-prestige jobs during Japan's feudal period.
burakumins true or false: Nationality refers to one's citizenship or membership within a particular country/nation-state/political boundaries, but within a given country/nation-state/political boundaries there can only be ONE distinct ethnicity. false The process by which social, economic, and political forces determine the content and importance of racial categories is referred to as ________________. racial formation Based on our textbook reading on Race, name the person who had one of the earliest and most influential attempts at producing a racial classification system. Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus flow of ideas ideoscape flow of money across political borders financescape Anthropologist who discusses globalization's increasing pace and scope of interconnections Arjun Appadurai The flows of technology technoscape The flow of people across boundaries ethnoscape flow of news and updates via phone, internet, and myriad other digital communication mediascape What is neoliberalism and what facilitates it? it is a multi-faceted political and economic philosophy that emphasizes privatization and unregulated markets; globalization It is challenging to determine precisely when globalization began. Your textbook authors argue that the distinguishing feature of globalization in our current era is __________ rather than _________ of global interactions. speed, scope true or false: Societies organized as a states typically comprise foragers who rely on hunting and gathering, and are few in number, rarely exceeding 100 people. false What's the difference between the economy and economic anthropology? economy is a system of production, distribution, and consumption of resources; economic anthropology is the study of human production systems in a comparative perspective In agricultural states such as ancient Mesopotamia, the Aztec, and the Inca, justification for the rule of particular individuals was based on hereditary succession and typically granted to the eldest son of the ruler. This is an example of _____________, or the valid right to leadership. legitimacy The Inuit engage in a duel using songs where those involved in a dispute chant insults at each other in front of other people. This is an example of: how within band societies, disputes are resolved informally Mode of production is: the social relations through which human labor is used to transform energy from nature using tools, skills, organization, and knowledge. This group of people in Guatemala demonstrate small-scale, semi-subsistence farmers, or "21st century peasants." fair trade coffee farmers money is: 1. objects that are media of exchange in the transaction of goods Political integration can be categorized as: egalitarian, ranked, stratified I ... Which of these are egalitarian societies? bands and tribes Which of these are ranked societies? Chiefdoms Which of these are stratified societies? states Means of production is: the resources used to produce goods in a society such as land for farming or factories The following Bedouin proverb summarizes well the philosophy behind this kin-based integrative mechanism, which illustrates how kinship and relatedness are connected to political aspects of culture: segmentary lineage true or false: Exchanges, and informal obligations associated with them, are primary devices by which bands and tribes maintain a degree of order. true Tributes, taxes, and Social Security are all examples of this kind of exchange Redistribution In this kind of exchange the goal is to maximize profit. It is a form of exchange most common to colonialism and current day capitalist economies, for example market Most egalitarian societies, such as those that are based in foraging, cultivating, and pastoralists, practice this form of exchange reciprocal,
studying this gives anthropologists unique insights into the moral economy, cultural values, beliefs, and social coercion reciprocity Industrial versus nonindustrial modes of production are referred to as: economic systems This form of colonial trade consisted of three main regions of the world, where each region of the world had a specific export that the other regions of the world did not, creating an import/export cylce. triangular trade The bilateral cross-cousin marriage in Yanomami society is an example of how ______________ societies' political organizations involve marriage as a vehicle for creating alliances between groups. tribal This scholar is credited for the idea (1978) that the economies and politics of nations are interconnected through core, semi-periphery, and periphery nations. Immanuel Wallerstein giving without expecting a specific thing in return generalized reciprocity the accumulation of goods or labor by a particular person or institution for the purpose of dispersal at a later date Redistribution at attempt to get something for nothing or an exchange in which both parties try to take advantage of the other negative reciprocity the exchange of something with the expectation that something of equal value will be returned within a specific time period balanced reciprocity political units in which a person determined by heredity holds a formal position of power chiefdom smallest unit of political organization band complex political organizations with a central government state are organized around family ties tribe anthropologists drew on computer science to think about dynamic feedback systems. These are systems in which cultural and ecological systems self-regulate to promote social stability, a term referred to as homeostasis This anthropologist examined subsistence practices of the Tsembaga peoples to understand the periodic ritual feasts the Tsembaga used to trim back the pig population, returning the ecological system to equilibrium roy rappaport This anthropologist examined Hindu religious beliefs about sacred cattle from functional and materialist perspectives and argued that cultural beliefs about cows existed because of the economic and ecological importance of cows Marvin Harris Environmental anthropology: provides an opportunity for anthropologists to engage in larger public debates and a valuable perspective from which to understand environmental questions This anthropologist was influenced by both materialism and processual archaeology, which led to increased use of scientific methods when he analyzed and interpreted his data - an approach to research that anthropology and archaeology criticized. Julian Steward This research is a famous ethnobotanical study organized by Darrell Posey and twenty other natural and social scientists who examined how a specific indigenous group of people in Brazil understood, managed, and interacted with the various ecosystems they encountered as their regional environment changed. the Kayapó project What is the anthropocene? a term used to describe the period in geological time in which the effects of human activities have altered the fundamental geochemical cycles of the earth One way anthropologists have successfully used traditional ecological knowledge to advance indigenous rights is: through advocacy on behalf of indigenous groups seeking to establish legal ownership or control over their traditional lands Which of the following terms best describes how cultures use and understand their environments? cultural ecology true or false: One branch of ethnoecology is ethnobotany, which studies traditional uses of plants for food, construction, dyes, crafts, and medicine. Scientists have estimated that 60 percent of all of the current medicinal drugs in use worldwide were orginally derived from plant materials. true By assisting local communities in developing and marketing such products, some environmental conservation programs have provided these communities with economic alternatives that encourage people to preserve rainforests instead of chopping them down. This is a form of ____________. sustainable development _______________ challenge(s) the centrality of humans in the world. multispecies ethnographies The research anthropologist, __________________, went to American Samoa and found that the stress, anxiety, and turmoil of American adolescence were not found among Samoan youth. His/Her work is a foundational example of "fieldwork" and ethnographic research. Margaret Mead True or false? In Judaism, those who follow kosher food preparation believe in a cultural rule about the consumption of certain foods. For example, eating kosher means that meat and dairy cannot be eaten together. This is an example of food taboos. true The in-depth study of the everyday practices and lives of a people enthography Reasoning from the general to the specific; it is a kind of research more common in the natural sciences than in anthropology where a researcher creates a hypothesis and then designs a study to prove or disprove the hypothesis deductive Anthropological research designed to gain an in-depth, contextualized understanding of human behavior qualitative A description of the studied culture from the perspective of an observer or outsider etic The idea that we should seek to understand another person's beliefs and behaviors from the perspective of their own culture and not our own cultural relativism A description of the studied culture from the perspective of a member of the culture or insider emic A type of reasoning that uses specific information to draw general conclusions, but without definitively proving or disproving a hypothesis inductive Sociocultural anthropology is best understood by its primary approach to data collection, known as ____________. participant observation Attempts to impose unequal and unfair relationships between members of different societies is referred to as _______________. cultural imperialism This anthropologist is known for using mixed methods to conduct research. Her/his work specifically examines how citizenship has been discussed as an identity marker in mainstream U.S. media. Leo Chavez true or false? Ethnology is the in-depth study of everyday practices and lives of a people. false true or false? When seeking to understand and study development, it is necessary to identify the power dynamics and motivations involved in the development project(s), and anthropological ways of seeing are important means by which to answer these questions. true ___________, is a type of ethnography that produces a detailed description of a studied group at a particular time and location. It is a term coined by the anthropologist, ________________, in his/her 1973 book. Thick description; Clifford Geertz Other sets by this creatorSpanish days of the week, months of the year and q…28 terms Pburns107 Spanish #5111 terms Pburns107 theater #220 terms Pburns107 Spanish #1-3030 terms Pburns107 Verified questions
algebra Why might an investor choose to buy bonds rather than stocks? As a bondholder, would your investment in a corporate bond be more secure than a stockholder's investment? Why or why not? Verified answer
question BitBox has raised $\$ 10$ million in a Series A round with $\$ 40$ million post-money value and a $1.5 \mathrm{x}$ liquidation preference, and $\$ 25$ million in a Series B round with a $\$ 75$ million post-money value and a $3 \mathrm{x}$ liquidation preference plus seniority over Series A. What will Series A, Series B, and common shareholders receive if BitBox is sold for a. $\$ 85$ million? b. $\$ 100$ million? c. $\$ 200$ million? d. $\$ 300$ million? Verified answer question Explain how countries benefit from intemational trade. Verified answer
finance Hiller, Luna, and Welsh are attempting to form a partnership to operate a travel agency. They have agreed to share profits in a ratio of $4: 3: 2$ but cannot settle on the terms of the partnership agreement relating to possible liquidation. Hiller believes that it is best not to get into any arguments about potential liquidation now because the partnership will be a success and it is not necessary to think negatively now. Luna believes that in the event of liquidation, any losses should be shared equally because each partner would have worked equally for the partnership's success, or lack thereof. Welsh believes that any losses during liquidation should be distributed in the ratio of capital balances at the beginning of any liquidation because then the losses will be distributed based on a capital ability to bear the losses. You have been asked to help resolve the differences and to prepare a memo to the three individuals including the following items. \ **Required** Critically assess each partner's viewpoint, discussing the pros and cons of each. Verified answer Other Quizlet setsChapter 1 Family First Life Insurance: Basic Princ…16 terms Kristina_Hickey1 Introduction to Global Politics Final Exam29 terms bknevarez CS 3345 Exam 3 - Chapter 8 Disjoint Set ADT18 terms facekid_mcfee Adult 1 - Exam 359 terms pcharmingg18 What does the perspectives textbook argue about the stability of states?What does the Perspectives textbook argue about the stability of states? States tend toward instability, evidenced by the fact that very few states in history have lasted up to 1,000 years.
What is the role of the peasant in the formation of state societies quizlet?What is the role of the peasant in the formation of state societies? Peasant farmers were circumscribed geographically (unable to move elsewhere) when an elite minority arose to control their labor and means of subsistence.
What is the most accurate relationship between subsistence activities and other aspects of society quizlet?the work associated with obtaining food for a family or household. What is the most accurate relationship between subsistence activities and other aspects of society? a. Subsistence activities are linked to kinship, because family members play an essential role in providing food for the household.
What was the primary motivation for warfare in early agricultural states quizlet?What was the primary motivation for warfare in early agricultural states? To increase surpluses of food and other agricultural products. Political anthropology.
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What does the perspectives textbook argue about the stability of states quizlet?
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