Communicable diseases, also known as infectious diseases or transmissible diseases, are illnesses that result from the infection, presence and growth of pathogenic (capable of causing disease) biologic agents in an individual human or other animal host. Infections may range in severity from asymptomatic (without symptoms) to severe and fatal. The term infection does not have the same meaning as infectious disease because some infections do not cause illness in a host. Show
The HAN enables public health staff, tribal governments, health care providers, emergency workers, and others to exchange reliable information as outbreaks evolve. Access the HAN webpage to read messages that have gone out in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and other emerging health issues. Disease causing biologic agents include viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellular parasites, and aberrant proteins known as prions. Transmission of these biologic agents can occur in a variety of ways, including direct physical contact with an infectious person, consuming contaminated foods or beverages, contact with contaminated body fluids, contact with contaminated inanimate objects, airborne (inhalation), or being bitten by an infected insect or tick. Some disease agents can be transmitted from animals to humans, and some of these agents can be transmitted in more than one way. Statewide communicable disease surveillance and control activities in Wisconsin are coordinated by the Bureau of Communicable Diseases. Wisconsin Childhood Communicable Diseases Chart Last Revised: June 8, 2022 Germs can spread through: Germs can spread: Germs can enter the body through the: Some infections can be spread in several different ways. There are other ways of describing how germs are spread that are commonly used. Germs can be spread through
sexual contact, which is usually through semen and vaginal secretions (body fluids), but can also occur through contact with mucus membranes. Germs can spread through
food or water. Many but not all the germs spread in this way are through contact with faeces and then with the mouth (faeco-oral). Germs can also spread from a
mother to her unborn child, usually though blood (body fluids) but also through contact with skin or mucous membranes during delivery. Adapted from National Health and Medical Research Council - Staying Healthy: preventing infectious disease in early childhood education and care services, 5th Edition 2012. Spread through the air by dropletsSome infections are spread when an infected person talks, coughs or sneezes small droplets containing infectious agents into the air. Due to their size, these droplets in the air travel only a short distance (around a metre) from the infected person before falling. The droplets in the air may be breathed in by those nearby. Spread can also occur by touching the nose or mouth with droplet contaminated hands. Examples of droplet spread diseases:
Spread through the air by aerosolSome infections are spread when an infected person talks, breathes, coughs or sneezes tiny particles containing infectious agents into the air. These are called small particle aerosols. Due to their tiny size, small particle aerosols can travel long distances on air currents and remain suspended in the air for minutes to hours. These small particle aerosols may be breathed in by another person. Examples of airborne spread diseases:
Spread through faeces and then the mouth (faecal-oral spread)Some infections are spread when microscopic amounts of faeces (poo) from an infected person with symptoms or an infected person without symptoms (a carrier) are taken in by another person by mouth. The faeces may be passed:
Examples of diseases spread from faeces:
Some infections are spread directly when skin or mucous membrane (the thin moist lining of many parts of the body such as the nose, mouth, throat and genitals) comes into contact with the skin or mucous membrane of another person. Infections are spread indirectly when skin or mucous membrane comes in contact with contaminated objects or surfaces. Examples of diseases spread by skin or mucous membrane contact:
Spread through blood or other body fluidsSome infections are spread when blood or other body fluids (for example for example, urine, saliva, breastmilk, semen and vaginal secretions) from an infected person comes into contact with:
Examples of diseases spread through blood or other body fluids:
Other ways of describing how infectious diseases are spreadSpread through sexual contact (sexually transmitted infections)These infections are most commonly transmitted by sexual contact. Sexual contact means:
Examples of sexually transmitted infections:
Spread through food or waterThese diseases result from ingestion of water or a wide variety of foods contaminated with disease-causing germs or their toxins. Often these infections are also spread by the faecal-oral route. Examples of food or waterborne diseases:
Spread from a mother to her unborn childSome infections can be spread through the placenta from a mother to her unborn child or during delivery, or both. Examples of diseases spread from a mother to child in this way:
Diseases where person-to-person spread occurs rarely, if everSome infectious diseases are almost never spread by contact with an infected person. These diseases are usually spread by contact with an environmental source such as animals, insects, water or soil. Examples of diseases spread by contact with animals:
Examples of diseases spread by insects, and in the examples listed below, specifically by mosquitoes:
Examples of diseases spread by contact with water or soil:
Which diseases are transmitted from one person to another?Some examples of the reportable communicable diseases include Hepatitis A, B & C, influenza, measles, and salmonella and other food borne illnesses.
What is direct transmission of disease?In direct transmission, an infectious agent is transferred from a reservoir to a susceptible host by direct contact or droplet spread. Direct contact occurs through skin-to-skin contact, kissing, and sexual intercourse. Direct contact also refers to contact with soil or vegetation harboring infectious organisms.
What are 3 way diseases are transmitted person to person?This is the most common way that we get an infectious disease. Germs can spread from person to person through: the air as droplets or aerosol particles. faecal-oral spread. blood or other body fluids.
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What is an infectious disease that can be transmitted directly from one person to another?
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