What is the term for the bodys process of absorbing distributing metabolizing and excreting a drug quizlet?

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Terms in this set (13)

What is the study of physiochemical properties of drugs and how they influence the body called?
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacotherapeutics
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacodynamics
(In simple terms, pharmacodynamics is the study of what drugs do to the body.)

Which statement best describes pharmacokinetics?
Physiologic interaction between a drug and body cells
Physiologic interaction between a drug and body cells
What the body does to the drug after it is administered
Converts medication into its active chemical substance

What the body does to the drug after it is administered
(Pharmacokinetics involves the study of how the drug moves through the body, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.)

What is another term for biotransformation of a drug?
Excretion
Absorption
Metabolism
Dilution

Metabolism
(Metabolism connotes a breakdown of a product. Biotransformation is actually a more accurate term because some drugs are actually changed into an active form in the liver in contrast to being broken down for excretion.)

A drug given by which route is altered by the first-pass effect?
Sublingual
Intravenous (IV)
Oral
Subcutaneous (subcut)

Oral
(Medications absorbed in the stomach and small intestine travel through the portal system and are metabolized by the liver before they reach the general circulation.)

Drug half-life is defined as the amount of time required for 50% of a drug to:
be absorbed by the body.
exert a response.
be eliminated by the body.
reach a therapeutic level.

be eliminated by the body
(In pharmacokinetics, the time required for half of an administered dose of drug to be eliminated by the body, or the time it takes for the blood level of a drug to be reduced by 50%, is the drug's half-life (also called elimination half-life).)

Which nursing action will increase the absorption of a medication administered intramuscularly (IM)?
Administer the medication via the Z-track method.
Apply ice packs to the injection site.
Lower the extremity below the level of the heart.
Massage the site after injection.

Massage the site after injection.
(Massaging the site increases circulation to the area and thus increases absorption, but this should not be performed after all IM injections; it is drug specific. See the recommendations on specific drugs.)

When administering two medications that are highly protein bound, the nurse understands to monitor the patient carefully for which effect?
Increase in the risk of drug-drug interactions
Hypovolemic shock caused by a low albumin level
Immediate improvement in the patient's condition
A short duration of medication action

Increase in the risk of drug-drug interactions
(When administering two medications that are highly protein bound, the medications can compete for binding sites on plasma proteins. This competition results in either less of both or less of one of the drugs binding to the proteins, thus increasing the risk of toxicity or adverse effects.)

To achieve the most rapid onset of action, the health care provider will prescribe the medication to be administered by which route?
IM
IV
Subcut
Intrathecally

IV
(When a drug is administered IV, it does not need to be absorbed because it is injected directly into the circulation.)

Patients with renal failure would MOST likely have problems with which pharmacokinetic process?
Absorption
Metabolism
Distribution
Excretion

Excretion
(The kidneys are responsible for the majority of drug excretion.)

What is the ratio between a drug's therapeutic effects and toxic effects called?
Therapeutic index
Tolerance
Cumulative effect
Affinity

Therapeutic index
(The ratio of a drug's therapeutic benefits to its toxic effects is referred to as the drug's therapeutic index.)

A patient asks the nurse why a lower dose of IV pain medication is being given than the previous oral dose. What is the nurse's best response to the patient?
"A large percentage of an intravenously administered drug is metabolized into inactive metabolites in the liver."
"Medications given intravenously are not affected by the first-pass effect."
"Drugs administered intravenously enter the portal system before systemic distribution."
"Medications given orally bypass the portal circulatory system."

"Medications given intravenously are not affected by the first-pass effect."
(When drugs with a high first-pass effect are administered orally, a large amount of drug may be metabolized before it reaches the systemic circulation. The same drug given IV will bypass the liver. This prevents the first-pass effect from taking place, and therefore more of the drug reaches the circulation. Parenteral doses of drugs with a high first-pass effect are much smaller than oral doses, yet they produce the same pharmacologic response.)

The nurse understands that drugs exert their actions on the body by what process? (Select all that apply.)
Inhibiting the action of a specific enzyme
Making the cell perform a new function
Altering metabolic chemical processes
Interacting with receptors

Inhibiting the action of a specific enzyme, Altering metabolic chemical processes, Interacting with receptors
(Drugs cannot make a cell perform a new function; they can only alter the way a cell performs its current function.)

The nurse knows that which factors will affect the absorption of orally administered medications? (Select all that apply.)
Presence of food in the stomach
Time of day
pH of the stomach
Form of drug preparation
Patient in high-Fowler's position

Presence of food in the stomach, Time of day, pH of the stomach, Form of drug preparation
(Various factors affecting the rate of drug absorption include the administration route of the drug, presence or absence of food or fluids administered with the drug, dosage formulation, status of the absorptive surface, blood flow to the small intestine, acidity of the stomach, and status of gastrointestinal motility. Time of day would affect the acidity of the stomach and would therefore affect the rate of drug absorption.)

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What is the term for the body's process of absorbing distributing metabolizing and excreting a drug?

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