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Great Plains Quarterly Vol. 34, No. 2 (SPRING 2014) , pp. 143-162 (20 pages) Published By: University of Nebraska Press https://www.jstor.org/stable/24468096 Read and download Log in through your school or library Alternate access options For independent researchers Read Online Read 100 articles/month free Subscribe to JPASS Unlimited reading + 10 downloads Purchase article $14.00 - Download now and later Read Online (Free) relies on page scans, which are not currently available to screen readers. To access this article, please contact JSTOR User Support. We'll provide a PDF copy for your screen reader.With a personal account, you can read up to 100 articles each month for free. Get StartedAlready have an account? Log in Monthly Plan
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Journal Information Great Plains Quarterly publishes articles for scholars and interested laypeople on history, literature, culture, and social issues relevant to the Great Plains, which include Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. The journal, which is published for the Center for Great Plains Studies, is edited by a faculty member from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and includes a distinguished international board of advisory editors. Publisher Information The University of Nebraska Press extends the University's mission of teaching, research, and service by promoting, publishing, and disseminating works of intellectual and cultural significance and enduring value. We primarily publish nonfiction books and scholarly journals, along with a few titles per season in contemporary and regional prose and poetry. On occasion, we reprint previously published fiction of established reputation, and we have several programs to publish literary works in translation. Through our paperback imprint, Bison Books, we publish reprints of classic books of myriad genres. Our primary mission, defined by the University through the Press Advisory Board of faculty members working in concert with the Press, is to find, evaluate, and publish in the best fashion possible, serious works of nonfiction.. Rights & Usage This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. Home > History > Which Party Was Founded In 1901 And Carried On The American Third-Party Political Tradition?
Which party was founded in 1901 and carried on the American third-party political tradition? AnswersOnly 1 answer Only 1 answer Do you know the answer? Which Party Was Founded In 1901 And Carried On The American Third-Party Political Tradition?Answer Question >> Related QuestionsSorry, we can't find any related questions. Try using the search bar at the top of the page to search for some keywords, or choose a topic and submit your own question. This article is from the Encyclopedia of North Carolina edited by William S. Powell. Copyright © 2006 by the University of North Carolina Press. Used by permission of the publisher. For personal use and not for further distribution. Please submit permission requests for other use directly to
the publisher. In July, after a national convention of Democrats nominated Grover Cleveland for president, some North Carolina Alliancemen who did not participate in the earliest meetings of the party declared their intention to vote for the Populist presidential nominee, James B. Weaver. However, these men planned to remain Democrats for political purposes. Their plan collapsed in early August, when the state Democratic Party chairman, Furnifold M. Simmons, banned Cleveland's opponents from receiving nominations for state and local offices. With support for Cleveland as the measure of Democratic loyalty, the bond between the party and many former Alliance members, sorely tested since May, was broken. North Carolina Populists held their first nominating conventions in early and mid-August 1892 and developed a full slate of candidates for state office. They adopted national Populism's Omaha Platform, which endorsed government ownership of railroads and a federally controlled money supply. On state matters, the party demanded a 6 percent limit on contract interest rates, full taxation of railroad property, and encouragement to education, agriculture, and manufacturing. Together, financial, transportation, and educational reforms-the leading tenets of Alliance ideology-became the rallying cry of North Carolina Populists. The Populists' first campaign ended in disappointment. The party captured fewer than 50,000 votes, about 17 percent of the total, and won more than 35 percent of the vote in only six counties, all in the east or eastern Piedmont. This setback resulted from two factors: the decision by many Alliance members to remain in the Democratic Party and the failure of the state's strong Republican Party, the overwhelming majority of whose members were black, to support the Populists. Although the first problem proved impossible to reverse entirely, the balance of power in state politics shifted in early 1893, when Populist and Republican leaders began to plan a cooperative strategy for the next election. The goals of the union were to forge a new majority with Populist votes, repeal Democratic laws restricting access to the ballot, and give the General Assembly control over local government. The leading Populist behind "Fusion," as Democrats termed the Republican-Populist agreement, was Marion Butler of Sampson County. In 1893 and 1894 Butler conducted repeated negotiations for cooperation. By the 1894 Populist nominating convention, practically all party members endorsed cooperation with Republicans for legislative offices and continued support of traditional Populist reforms. The so-called Fusion was successful, as the 1894 election sent 60 Populists, 56 Republicans, and 54 Democrats to the 1895 General Assembly. Three Populists won election to Congress. During the 1895 session Butler and Jeter Pritchard, a Republican, were elected to the U.S. Senate. The Populist state representatives also achieved demonstrable change. Various Populist-inspired reforms were enacted, including a new election law, local government democratization, and a 6 percent interest law. The 1895 General Assembly was the legislative high-water mark of Populism. After 1896 the party began to decline. A major reason was growing internal factionalism between Populists and Republicans, which was exacerbated in the 1897 General Assembly and undermined much of the Fusionist administration of Republican governor Daniel L. Russell Jr. According to the party's 1896 platform, all Populists stood for financial reform, public control of railroads, free elections, and better schools. However, some lawmakers, who were very attached to Republican allies, failed to use their power in the General Assembly to achieve their party's goals. The Fusionist legislature of 1897 was an unmitigated disaster, as Populist members split into pro-Republican and anti-Republican camps. In addition, Populists were not ideologically or politically prepared to meet the violence of the Democrats' white supremacy campaign. Although Populists had always claimed that Democrats used racist rhetoric to stifle reform, the party was composed primarily of former Democrats committed to white supremacy. Many eastern Populists were uncomfortable cooperating with black men and left the party because of the issue. Although Populists managed a respectable campaign in 1898, it was overshadowed by the well-orchestrated brutality of their opponents. Democrats, partly through the employment of terrorist groups known as Red Shirts, physically assaulted and intimidated Populists before and on election day. Their strategy worked, ending Populist-Republican rule in the General Assembly. In 1900 Democrats resurrected the violence of 1898, passed the disfranchisement amendment, and once again gained control of state government. The state Populist organization collapsed immediately, although some local units persisted for a short time. Bitterness toward Democrats among Populists was so strong that a large faction of the party faithful, partly attracted by the reform rhetoric of Theodore Roosevelt, defected to the Republican Party after 1901. Many former Populists became third-party members again in 1912, joining Roosevelt's Progressives. These ex-Populists were always a minority among North Carolina Republicans in the first decades of the twentieth century, and they never fully controlled party policy. Some historians believe that a form of Populism endured in Randolph County, Sampson County, and other places, evidenced by "islands" of strong Republican support throughout much of the Democrat-controlled twentieth century. References: Jeffrey J. Crow and Robert F. Durden, Maverick Republican in the Old North State: A Political Biography of Daniel L. Russell (1977). Durden, The Climax of Populism: The Election of 1896 (1965). Helen G. Edmonds, The Negro and Fusion Politics in North Carolina (1951). James L. Hunt, Marion Butler and American Populism (2003). Lala Carr Steelman, The North Carolina Farmers' Alliance: A Political History, 1887-1893 (1985). Additional Resources: "Politics and populism." ANCHOR. https://www.ncpedia.org/anchor/politics-and-populism "The North Carolina election of 1898." The North Carolina Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. http://www.lib.unc.edu/ncc/1898/1898.html. Wormser, Richard. "Populist Party." The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_org_populist.html. Butler, Marion. Addresses of Marion Butler, President, and Cyrus Thompson, Lecturer, to the North Carolina Farmers' State Alliance, at Greensboro, N.C., Aug. 8, 9, and 10, 1893, at its Seventh Annual Session. Raleigh, N.C.:Barnes Bros, 1893. Beeby, James M. Revolt of the Tar Heels: The North Carolina Populist Movement, 1890-1901. Jackson:Univ. Press of Mississippi, 2008. Delap, Simeon Alexander. "The Populist Party in North Carolina." Historical Papers Published by the Trinity College Historical Society Series XIV. Durham, N.C.:Seeman Printery, 1922. Thompson, Cyrus. "Dr. Thompson's Great Speech: a large and representative gathering of Populists of Sampson and adjoining counties at Clinton, N.C., Aug. 19, 1898, to hear the opening of the Populist campaign." [s.n.] 1898. http://digital.ncdcr.gov/u?/p249901coll37,17251 (accessed December 6, 2012). Image Credits: Photograph of Marion Butler. Image from the State Archives of North Carolina. Call number N_70_6_33. Title page of the People's Party Hand-Book of Facts. Campaign of 1898. Raleigh [N.C.]: Capital Printing Co. 1898. 1 January 2006 | Hunt, James L. 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