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Playlist includes 8 training videos Children have breathing difficulties more often than they have actual heart problems. Therefore, it is important to begin CPR quickly and perform five sets of CPR for one rescuer or ten sets of CPR for two rescuers before going to get additional help. One set of CPR for one rescuer consists of 30 compressions and two breaths, and one set of CPR for two rescuers consists of 15 compressions and two breaths. If someone else is available, send them to call 911/EMS and to find an AED. When they return, have them follow the AED prompts, apply AED pads, and help with CPR. If the child is unresponsive and not breathing or only gasping for air, provide CPR. When giving CPR to a child, do the following:
Child CPR (1 year to puberty)CPR in children is very similar to CPR in adults. The main goals are early administration of CPR, pushing hard and fast on the chest, and giving breaths. Individuals older than one year of age that have not yet reached puberty are considered children. Some children appear adult-size and can be treated as adults for the purposes of CPR. The term “unresponsive” or “not responding” includes any child who does not move, blink, speak, make a sound, or otherwise react to your efforts to awaken them. As a rescuer, if you are untrained in CPR, then give the “hands-only” CPR. The “hands-only” CPR is when you give continuous compressions but no breaths. If you can see a foreign object in the child’s mouth and can easily remove it, do so. Avoid blindly sweeping the mouth with a finger as it may push the object deeper into the airway. Watch and feel for breathing to begin. If the child does not respond or begin breathing, begin CPR and continue to provide it until additional help arrives. Large children may require chest thrusts if you cannot wrap your arms fully around the waist. In this case, perform the Heimlich maneuver with your fist on the breastbone. Any child who has had a severe choking event should see a doctor. If the child stops responding, lay them down and yell for help. Check for breathing and begin CPR. After 30 compressions, open the airway and look for a foreign object. If visible, remove it and attempt to give a breath. Continue CPR until the child recovers or more advanced help arrives. CompressionsRescuers may be afraid to perform chest compressions out of fear of hurting the child. It is important to remember that without CPR, the result will be death. To do CPR on a child, do the following:
Performing CPR can be tiring. If someone is available to help, change roles every two minutes and work to minimize the pause in between compressions. Giving BreathsUnresponsiveness in children is often caused by breathing problems, not heart problems. Prevention of choking or severe breathing problems due to untreated illness is the most effective treatment. Giving breaths during CPR can help the child. Severe breathing problems from a respiratory illness can cause cardiac arrest in children. Most
children who need CPR have had a breathing problem that caused the heart to beat irregularly or to stop Signs of ineffective breathing include slow breathing, very shallow or sporadic breathing, and absence of any breaths altogether. Give rescue breaths to children who appear to be struggling to breathe. A good breath will cause the child’s chest to rise. To open the person’s airway, do the following:
Now you are ready to give breaths. Do the following:
If the chest does not rise, reposition the airway. Let their head go back to a normal position and repeat the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver. Then give another breath and look for the chest to rise. Perform the chest compressions without interruption. It should take no longer than 10 seconds to give two breaths. If the child’s chest fails to rise within 10 seconds, begin chest compressions again. Mask UseGiving breaths in CPR is generally safe. However, if a mask is available, it should be used. The mask fits over the child’s mouth and nose. Many masks have a pointed end, which should go over the bridge of the nose. Make sure the mask fits properly; if it is too large, a proper seal cannot be obtained and efforts to deliver breaths will be ineffective. When using a mask to give breaths, do the following:
AED for ChildrenAn AED can be used on children and should be used as early as possible but should not interfere with CPR. The steps for using an AED on a child are the same as those in an adult. Check the AED when it arrives on the scene. If the child is younger than eight years, pediatric pads should be used (Figure 22c). Standard (adult) pads may be used if pediatric pads are not available. If using standard pads, do not let the pads overlap each other. You may need to put one of the pads on the child’s back if the child is small. Some AEDs have a switch that can be set to deliver a pediatric shock. If available, turn this switch on when using for children younger than eight years or less than 55 pounds (25 kg). If the AED cannot deliver a pediatric shock, an adult shock should be given. Be sure to start CPR. To use an AED on a child, do the following:
Activating EMS (Calling 911)Always make sure that the scene is safe when approaching a child. If you become injured or disabled, it will only make the situation worse. Tap the child and talk loudly: “Are you okay?” (Figure 23a) If they fail to make any response, they are considered unresponsive. Yell for help and send somebody to call 911/EMS and to get an AED if possible (Figure 23b). After determining that the child is unresponsive, check their breathing. If they are barely breathing or only gasping, begin CPR. Gasping may be forceful or weak, but it is generally ineffective. This is abnormal and often occurs in cardiac arrest. If you are alone and must leave the child to activate EMS, give five sets of 30 compressions and 2 breaths (about two minutes) before leaving the child. (The ILCOR points out that most rescuers are likely to have speakerphone equipped cell phones, so the rescuer can call 911/EMS without leaving the child) (Figure 23c). Choking in ChildrenChoking can be mild or severe. If the child can make sounds and cough, the airway is mildly blocked. Stand near them and encourage them to cough. Call 911/EMS immediately if you are worried about their breathing. Severe signs of blockage include the inability to breathe, coughing without making a sound, inability to speak, or the universal choking sign. In any of these cases, immediate action is required. Table 2 will help determine whether the choking is mild or severe.
Figure 24: Relief of ChokingUse abdominal thrusts learned in the adult section for children who are choking. To relieve choking in a child, do the following:
If you can see a foreign object in the child’s mouth and can easily remove it, do so. Avoid blindly sweeping the mouth with a finger as it may push the object deeper into the airway. Watch and feel for breathing to begin. If the child does not respond or begin breathing, begin CPR, and continue to provide it until additional help arrives. Large children may require chest thrusts if you cannot wrap your arms fully around the waist. In this case, perform abdominal thrusts with your fist on the breastbone. Any child who has had a severe choking event should see a doctor. If the child stops responding, lay them down, and yell for help. Check for breathing and begin CPR. After 30 compressions for one provider or 15 compressions for two, open the airway and look for a foreign object. If visible, remove it and attempt to give a breath. Continue CPR until the child recovers or more advanced help arrives. What to do if a child is unresponsive and not breathing?Learn first aid for a child who is unresponsive and not breathing. Check for breathing by tilting their head back and looking, listening and feeling for breaths. ... . Tell someone to call 999. ... . Give five rescue breaths: tilt their head back, seal your mouth over their mouth and pinch their nose.. What procedure should you begin if the person is unresponsive and not breathing normally?Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is used in an emergency if someone is not breathing normally, or their heart has stopped (cardiac arrest). This combination of techniques is used: chest compressions. rescue breathing (mouth-to-mouth).
What to do if a child becomes unresponsive?Shout for help.. Check their breathing by tilting their head back and looking and feeling for breaths. Do this for no more than ten seconds. ... . Move them onto their side and tilt their head back. Putting them on their side with their head tilted back helps keep the airway open. ... . Call 999 as soon as possible.. What should you do first if you discover a baby or child who isn't breathing?You should give rescue breaths if you are able and willing to. Giving both rescue breaths and chest compressions increase the chance of the baby surviving. If you can't give rescue breaths for any reason, just give chest compressions.
How do you deliver rescue breaths to a child that is not breathing but has a pulse?When a person of any age has a pulse but is not breathing (or is not breathing well), immediately open the airway using the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver and begin rescue breathing. See Table2 for details on rescue breathing.
When dealing with a non breathing unresponsive baby or child you should start CPR with?If a child is unresponsive and not breathing normally you will need to call 999 or 112 for emergency help and perform child CPR straight away.. Call 999.. Give 5 initial breaths.. Then 30 compressions and 2 breaths.. Repeat 30:2.. Use defibrillator if available.. |