39.Which of the following complications is most likely responsible for a delayed postpartumhemorrhage?a.Cervical lacerationb.Clotting deficiencyc.Perineal lacerationd.Uterine subinvolutionANSWER: DRATIONALE: Late postpartum bleeding is often the result of subinvolution of the uterus. Retainedproducts of conception or infection often cause subinvolution.Options A and C: Cervical or perineal lacerations can cause an immediate postpartum hemorrhage.Option B: A client with a clotting deficiency may also have an immediate PP hemorrhage if the deficiencyisn’t corrected at the time of delivery. Show
40.Before giving a PP client the rubella vaccine, which of the following facts should the nurseinclude in client teaching? After childbirth, you're likely focused on caring for your baby. But health problems, some life-threatening, can happen in the weeks and months afterward and many aren't aware of the warning signs. Here's what you need to know about postpartum complications. A growing problemA pregnancy-related death is the death of a woman while pregnant or within one year of the end of a pregnancy. More than half the pregnancy-related deaths happen after childbirth. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the number of reported pregnancy-related deaths in the United States in 2014 was 18 deaths per 100,000 live births. That's up from 7.2 deaths per 100,000 live births in 1987. Research also shows racial disparities. From 2011 to 2014, the pregnancy-related mortality ratios for black women were more than three times higher than for white women. Lack of awarenessAfter childbirth, it's common to experience fatigue and discomfort, such as perineal pain and uterine contractions. You might not know the difference between a normal recovery and the symptoms of a complication — or when to seek medical care. If you give birth in a hospital, your health care team might not identify risk factors for serious postpartum complications before you are discharged. Mothers also often don't see a health care provider until four to six weeks after childbirth, and as many as 40 percent don't attend a postpartum visit, likely due to limited resources. As a result, most receive little guidance on their postpartum recovery. Common postpartum complicationsAccording to the CDC, from 2011 to 2014 the most common causes of pregnancy-related deaths were:
Sometimes the cause of a pregnancy-related death is unknown. Risk factors for postpartum complicationsThe overall risk of dying of a pregnancy-related complication is low. But women with chronic conditions such as cardiac disease, obesity or high blood pressure are at greater risk of dying or nearly dying from pregnancy-related complications. If you have these risk factors, monitoring your postpartum health is particularly important. Warning signs and symptomsMany postpartum complications can be successfully treated if they're identified early. Seek emergency help if you have:
Call your health care provider if you have:
Prevention tipsPrioritize your postpartum health. Start thinking about your postpartum care plan before you give birth. After childbirth, talk to your health care provider about your risk of a pregnancy-related complication and any special follow-up care you might need. Know the signs and symptoms of a problem. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists also now recommends that postpartum care be an ongoing process rather than just a single visit after your delivery. Have contact with your health care provider within the first three weeks after delivery. Within 12 weeks after delivery, see your health care provider for a comprehensive postpartum evaluation. If you're having trouble making time for an appointment, talk to your provider. Reach out to family and friends for help with child care. During this appointment your health care provider will check your mood and emotional well-being, discuss contraception and birth spacing, review information about infant care and feeding, talk about your sleep habits and issues related to fatigue, and do a physical exam. This might include a check of your abdomen, vagina, cervix and uterus to make sure you're healing well. This is a great time to talk about any concerns you might have, including resuming sexual activity and how you're adjusting to life with a new baby. Also, any time you see a health care provider in the year after childbirth, be sure to share the date that you gave birth. This can help your provider know that your symptoms might be related to your recent pregnancy. Dec. 03, 2021
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. What is the most common cause of delayed postpartum hemorrhage?Haemorrhage between 24 h and 6 weeks post partum is termed "delayed PPH". Common causes include retention of gestational products or endometritis. Bleeding can be sudden and profound, resulting in rapid cardiovascular collapse.
What is the major complications of postpartum hemorrhage?Immediate and late complications of primary postpartum hemorrhage include hypovolemic shock, cerebral anoxia, renal failure, anemia, puerperal sepsis, and Sheehan's syndrome. The antepartum hemoglobin status and the rate of blood loss influence hemorrhage outcome.
What are the 4 most common causes of postpartum hemorrhage?Tear in the cervix or vaginal tissues. Tear in a uterine blood vessel. Bleeding into a concealed tissue area or space in the pelvis which develops into a hematoma, usually in the vulva or vaginal area. Blood clotting disorders, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation.
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