What were the first determinants of health as identified by the Lalonde Report in 1974? Show a.Biology, lifestyle, health care, environment ANS: C The perspective taken in this text is based on the Ottawa Charter definition of health: "to reach a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, an individual or group must be able to identify and to realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment." Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) identified health as a resource for everyday living, i.e., taking a holistic approach that includes physical, social, and personal capabilities, with health being viewed positively. When using this definition, health is no longer viewed as an outcome (or a state to be reached); rather, health is incorporated into one's activities of daily living. Today, Health Canada continues to apply the Ottawa Charter definition of health. The view of health as a resource proposes that communities and individuals use this resource to manage and even change their environments. ANS: C It is important for CHNs to recognize that older adults who are depressed usually have a clinically different presentation from that of clients in other age groups. Older adults who are depressed tend to present with many bodily complaints, such as chronic pain, nausea and vomiting, and insomnia, and usually do not express feelings of sadness, guilt, or worthlessness. The depression rate among older adults is half that among younger people, but the presence of a physical or chronic illness increases rates of depression. Activities to improve the mental health status of older adults include public education programs, prevention approaches, and the provision of mental health services in primary care. Depression rates for older adults in nursing homes range from 15% to 25%, and thus this would not be a good place to recommend for social networking. Encouraging older clients to focus on their strengths rather than their weaknesses can sound insensitive if (1) the weaknesses are, indeed, profound, and (2) the necessary tools for coping are not provided along with the advice. Monitoring for signs and symptoms of depression only monitors health issues, rather than preventing them. What is the primary focus of public community health nursing?The primary focus of public health nursing is to promote health and prevent disease for entire population groups. This may include assisting and providing care to individual members of the population.
Which of the following statements best describes the focus of primary health care?Which of the following best describes primary health care? By definition, primary health care is comprehensive and addresses issues of social justice and equity.
What is the primary focus of community health workers?A community health worker also builds individual and community capacity by increasing health knowledge and self-sufficiency through a range of activities such as outreach, community education, informal counseling, social support and advocacy.
Which of the following best describes public community health nursing?Which of the following best describes community-BASED nursing? Community-based nursing emphasizes acute and chronic care to individuals and families, rather than focusing on groups, aggregates, or systems.
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Which of the following actions of the public health nurse describes the primary focus of community health nursing?
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