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Signed in but can't access contentOxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian. Institutional account managementFor librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more. In this activity, students will analyze documents from the War Department’s Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands — better known as the Freedmen’s Bureau — that Congress established on March 3, 1865, as the Civil War was coming to an end. Using the scale in Weighing the Evidence, students will evaluate the effectiveness of the Freedmen's Bureau in assisting formerly enslaved persons. Suggested Teaching InstructionsLearning Objectives Students will be able to identify and draw conclusions about the roles of the Freedmen’s Bureau (Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands), critically analyze primary sources, formulate opinions about the effectiveness of the Bureau, and back up their opinions verbally or in writing. Instructions This activity may be used to introduce, or as a wrap-up to, the study of the Freedmen’s Bureau. The activity can be completed as a class, in small groups, in pairs, or individually. For grades 6-12. Approximate time needed is 50 minutes. Remind students that President Lincoln’s issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation, the defeat of the Confederate Army, and the passage of the 13th Amendment resulted in the freeing of approximately four million African Americans. Upon being freed, the formerly enslaved persons faced many challenges. As a warm-up activity, ask students to consider the following questions: What did these people need once slavery ended? What did they want after being freed? What resources did they have to meet needs and wants? Which of their needs and wants were tangible? Which were intangible? Encourage students to think about their responses to these questions throughout this activity. Open the activity and choose one of the documents. Model careful document analysis, concluding with the following question: Did anything surprise you about the conditions the formerly enslaved persons were facing, the institution of slavery, or the Freedmen’s Bureau? Ask them to share their thoughts. Demonstrate how the scale works. Explain to students that they will place the photograph and textual documents on the scale based on their careful document analysis. Following completion of the activity, conduct a class discussion based on the questions found on the final screen (or ask students to reflect on these in small groups or in writing). Possible responses about the job of the Freedmen’s Bureau might include:
This is an opportunity to examine the content of the documents even more critically. The class can discuss if the measures implemented by the Freedmen’s Bureau really helped formerly enslaved persons or if they helped only in name. Ask students, for instance, if the labor contracts that they saw in fact advanced the rights of the individuals involved or if they maintained the antebellum status quo. Discuss what needs would have been most pressing for formerly enslaved persons (material and physical supplies or political rights). This discussion will inform students’ determinations about the effectiveness of the Freedmen’s Bureau and may cause them to reconsider which interpretation they felt the documents supported. For more information, see the Freedmen’s Bureau research page or links to Freedmen’s Bureau resources from the National Archives, or resources from Howard University. For more information about the featured documents, follow the links below.
To the extent possible under law, National Archives Education Team has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to "How Effective were the Efforts of the Freedmen’s Bureau?". What were 3 successes of the freedmen's Bureau?During its years of operation, the Freedmen's Bureau fed millions of people, built hospitals and provided medical aid, negotiated labor contracts for ex-slaves and settled labor disputes. It also helped former slaves legalize marriages and locate lost relatives, and assisted black veterans.
Which of the following was a task of the freedmen's Bureau quizlet?One of the main purposes of the Freedmen's Bureau was to: ensure a fair and viable system of labor relations between former slaves and former slaveholders.
What was the freedmen's Bureau and what did it accomplish quizlet?The Freedmen's Bureau provided food, housing and medical aid, established schools and offered legal assistance. It also attempted to settle former slaves on land confiscated or abandoned during the war. Passed by Congress on 9th April 1866 over the veto of President Andrew Johnson.
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