Which of the following are some of the factors that should be considered when technical exposure factors are to be selected?

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1. Science
2. Medicine
3. Radiology

Terms in this set (50)

Which of the following is frequently a problem in diagnostic pediatric radiography?

patient motion

When a pregnant patient must undergo a radiographic procedure, which of the following practices will minimize radiation exposure?

Selecting technical exposure factors that are appropriate for the part of the body to undergo radiography

Precisely collimating the radiographic beam to include only the anatomic area of interest and shielding the lower abdomen and pelvis when this area does not need to be included in the area to be irradiated
(Both A and C)

In fluoroscopy, the amount of radiation that a patient receives is usually estimated by measuring the radiation exposure rate at tabletop and multiplying this by the:

fluoroscopy time

_________ are the sensing devices most often used to measure skin dose directly.

Thermoluminescent dosimeters

Studies of groups such as the atomic bomb survivors of Hiroshima have shown that damage to the newborn is unlikely for doses below _____ rads.

20

Poorly processed images on radiographic film will:

deteriorate over time

If a child is placed in a CT scanner and adult protocols are used, the child will receive:

a higher dose than an adult

Of the following radiologic procedures, which is (are) considered nonessential?

A chest x-ray on scheduled admission to the hospital

Lumbar spine x-rays as part of a preemployment physical examination

Whole-body multislice computed tomography (CT) screening

All of the above

In the event that a pregnant patient is inadvertently irradiated, the _____ should perform the calculations necessary to determine fetal dose.

radiologic physicist

The goal of the Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging is to:

increase awareness of the need to reduce patient dose for pediatric patients

The genetically significant dose (GSD) for the population of the United States is about _____ mSv (_____ mrem).

0.20; 20

Which of the following types of gonadal shielding provide the best protection for a male patient when anteroposterior, oblique, and lateral projections are obtained?

Shaped contact shield containing 1 mm of lead

According to the American College of Radiology (ACR), abdominal radiologic examinations that have been requested after full consideration of the clinical status of a patient, including the possibility of pregnancy, need:

not to be postponed or selectively scheduled

Which of the following must always be the first step in protection of the reproductive organs?

Adequate and precise collimation of the radiographic beam to include only the anatomy of interest

Digital mammography units with the ability to enhance contrast with image gray-level manipulation offer:

improvement for patients with dense breasts

Which of the following are considered to be benefits of a repeat analysis program?
1. There is increased awareness among staff and student radiographers of the need to produce optimal quality recorded images.
2. Radiographers generally become more careful in producing their images because they are aware that the images are being reviewed.
3. When the repeat analysis program identifies problems or concerns, in-service education programs covering these specific topics may be designed for imaging personnel.

1,2,&3

The radiation dose absorbed by an organ such as bone marrow:

cannot be measured by a direct method; it can only be estimated

In a remote control fluoroscopic room where the x-ray tube is located above the patient, protective shielding should:

be placed over the patient

Specific area shielding may be selectively used during some x-ray procedures to protect which of the following?
1. Lens of the eye
2. Breast
3. Extremities

1 and 2 only

Which of the following combinations of technical exposure factors and filtration reduces patient radiation dose during a radiographic examination?

Higher kVp, lower mAs, increased filtration

Any image that must be performed more than once because of human or mechanical error during the production of the initial image is known as repeat image. What effect does repeat images have on the radiation dose received by the patient?

The patient's skin and possibly the gonads receive a double radiation dose.

Which of the following are some of the factors that should be considered when technical exposure factors are to be selected?
1. Mass per unit volume of tissue of the area of clinical interest
2. Effective atomic numbers and electron densities of the tissue involved
3. Type and quantity of filtration used

1, 2, and 3

When automatic exposure control (AEC) is not used, then to ensure uniform selection of technical x-ray exposure factors, efficient imaging departments:

use standardized technique charts for each x-ray unit

During mammography, axillary projections should be done only on request of the:

radiologist

Because most medical procedures result in fetal exposures:

less than 1 rad, the risk of abnormality is small

When the speed of screen-film systems doubles, for example, when changing from a 200-speed to a 400-speed system, patient radiation exposure is _____ by approximately _____%.

reduced; 50

CR imaging has greater _______ flexibility than does conventional screen-film radiography.

kilovoltage

In standard image intensification fluoroscopy, an x-ray beam half-value-layer (HVL) of 3- to 4-mm aluminum is considered acceptable when peak kilovoltage ranges from:

80-100

When settings are changed from one mA to a neighboring mA station, the most that linearity can vary is _____%.

10

When performing a mobile fluoroscopic procedure, to reduce the radiation exposure to the patient, the radiographer must use a minimal source-skin distance of ____ cm (____ inches).

30, 12

The control panel, where technical exposure factors are selected and seen on indicators by the equipment operator, must be located:

behind a suitable protective barrier that has a radiation-absorbent window that permits observation of the patient during any procedure

To visualize smaller and lower-contrast objects during interventional procedures, high-level-control fluoroscopy uses exposure rates that are _______ those normally used in routine fluoroscopy.

higher than

During a fluoroscopic examination a resettable cumulative timing device times the x-ray beam-on time and sounds an audible alarm or temporarily interrupts the exposure after the fluoroscope has been activated for what length of time?

5 minutes

When using digital fluoroscopy systems, making use of the last-image-hold feature can:

be an effective dose reduction technique

Sharper size restriction of the radiographic beam is achieved when the cone or cylinder is:

longer

What is the purpose of radiographic beam filtration?

To increase beam hardness, thereby reducing patient skin dose and the dose to superficial tissues

Depending on the area of the body being examined with a fluoroscopic image intensification system, for adult patients a range of ______ kVp is generally used.

75-110

When an exposed computed radiography imaging plate is ready to be processed, an imaging reading unit is used to scan the photostimulable phosphor imaging plate with a helium-neon laser beam. This results in the emission of violet light that is changed into an electronic signal by a device called a:

photomultiplier tube

Of the following procedures, which involve extended fluoroscopic time?
1. Biliary drainage
2. Stent and filter placement
3. Urinary or biliary stone removal

1,2,3

When compared with the traditional material in the front of a cassette (aluminum or cardboard), the cassette front containing the carbon fiber absorbs approximately _____ as much radiation, resulting in a _____ dose for the patient because _____ radiographic techniques are required to produce the recorded image.

half, lower, lower

Digital radiography images can be accessed:

at several workstations at the same time, making image viewing very convenient for physicians providing patient care

Luminance is determined by measuring the concentration of light

over a particular field of view

A radiographer uses a high-speed, rare-earth screen-film system with optimal technical exposure factors to obtain posteroanterior and lateral radiographs of a 2-year-old child's chest. To maximize reduction of radiation exposure to the patient following adequate immobilization, the radiographer should collimate the x-ray beam so that it is _______ shield the child's reproductive organs.

smaller than the margins of the image receptor and

Current federal standards limit entrance skin exposure rates of general-purpose intensified fluoroscopic units to a maximum of _____ R/min (_____ ´ 2.58 ´ 10-4 C/kg/min).

10; 10

Computed radiography, because of its higher exposure latitude, makes grid use on the pediatric population:

less necessary than was previously believed

Which of the following materials is commonly used in the tabletop of a radiographic examination table to make the tabletop as radiolucent as possible so that it will absorb only a minimal amount of radiation, thereby reducing the patient's radiation dose?

Carbon fiber material

Federal government specifications recommend a minimum total filtration of _____-mm aluminum equivalent for stationary (fixed) fluoroscopic x-ray units operating above 70 kVp.

2.5

Which of the following is not an x-ray beam limitation device?

filter

When a fluoroscopic image is electronically amplified by an image intensification system, which of the following benefits result?
1. Increased image brightness
2. Saving of time for the radiologist
3. Patient dose reduction

1,2,&3

Which of the following types of filters should be used to provide uniform density when radiographing a foot in the dorsoplantar projection?

Wedge filter

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