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Treatments & DrugsThe most common treatments for glaucoma are eye drops and, rarely, pills. Doctors use a number of different categories of eye drops to treat glaucoma. They either decrease the amount of fluid (aqueous humor) in the eye or improve its outward flow, and some do both. Sometimes doctors will prescribe a combination of eye drops. People using these medications should be aware of their purpose and potential side effects, which a medical professional should explain. Some side effects can be serious. If you are concerned, call your doctor immediately.
 Your doctor may use laser surgery to treat open-angle, angle-closure, or neovascular glaucoma. He or she will perform laser surgery on an outpatient basis in the office or clinic after numbing your eye. To reduce eye pressure, the doctor directs a laser toward the iris, ciliary body, retina, and trabecular meshwork (tissue near the cornea and iris that drains the aqueous humor from the eye into the blood) Types of Laser SurgeryTrabeculoplastyThe trabeculoplasty procedure is often used to treat open-angle glaucoma. In argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT), a high-energy laser is aimed at the trabecular meshwork to open areas in these clogged canals. These openings allow fluid to bypass drainage canals and flow out of the eye. In selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) a low-energy laser treats specific cells in the trabecular meshwork. Because it affects only certain cells without causing collateral tissue damage, SLT can potentially be repeated. Laser Peripheral IridotomyLaser peripheral iridotomy is frequently used to treat angle-closure glaucoma, in which the angle between the iris and the cornea is too small and blocks fluid flow out of the eye. A laser creates a small hole in the iris to allow fluid drainage. Scatter Panretinal PhotocoagulationThis laser procedure destroys abnormal blood vessels in the retina that are associated with neovascular glaucoma. The most common side effects of laser surgery are:
SurgeryEye doctors often use conventional surgical procedures (also called incisional therapies) for glaucoma after other treatment strategies, such as medications and laser surgery, have failed. When deciding on a treatment option, an ophthalmologist will take into account the unique aspects of each person's case, including the:
Types of Glaucoma Surgery TrabeculectomyTrabeculectomy During a trabeculectomy, the ophthalmologist cuts a flap in the white part of the eye (sclera), removes a piece of trabecular meshwork (eye tissue located around the base of the cornea), and sutures the flap. This creates a new opening (a fluid bubble or bleb will form on the eye's exterior) through which the fluid (aqueous humor) flows and enters the bloodstream. Peripheral IridectomyPeripheral Iridectomy Eye doctors use this procedure for angle-closure glaucoma. The doctor removes a small section of peripheral iris by incision, which allows fluid to drain more easily from the eye. Canaloplasty and New Implant DevicesCanaloplasty and New Implant Devices These devices and procedures are used to enhance the aqueous humor outflow to decrease eye pressure. They include:
Glaucoma Surgery for InfantsGoniotomy is used almost exclusively for infants with congenital glaucoma. In this procedure, the doctor inserts a tiny blade through the cornea to cut the trabecular meshwork. This procedure allows the eye fluid to flow normally out of the eye. Trabeculectomy is also used for infants with congenital glaucoma. The doctor makes an incision in the outer portion of the eye and uses a tiny probe to break through the trabecular meshwork. Eye fluid is then able to drain out of the eye, keeping eye pressure in a more normal range. Take Action
Ways to GiveThe most valuable assets we have are the individuals dedicated to our cause. People like you are the reason we are able to boost our scientific agenda so that patients’ lives may be enhanced. Find a Glaucoma Clinical TrialThese studies are crucial to advancing medical approaches most effective for specific conditions or groups of people. Today’s clinical trials will lead to new standards of care in the future. Learn more here. Donate to National Glaucoma ResearchYour gift can help lead to treatments and a cure to end glaucoma. Fund the latest, promising research and help provide valuable information to families living with this disease. What classification of medications increase aqueous outflow in patients with glaucoma?Miotics (acetylcholine agonists and cholinesterase inhibitors) are thought to promote increased trabecular aqueous outflow by contracting the ciliary muscle of the eye.
Which medications increase the outflow of aqueous humor?This medication both reduces aqueous humor production and increases its outflow.. Dorzolamide (Trusopt®). Brinzolamide (Azopt®). Acetazolamide (Diamox®): an oral medication.. Methazolamide (Neptazane®): an oral medication.. Which medications used in the treatment of glaucoma reduce production of aqueous humor?Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: lower the production of aqueous humor.
Which class of medications should be avoided by patients with glaucoma?Steroids are the most important open angle glaucoma medication to avoid. Steroid usages can cause permanent blockage of the eye's drainage system. Steroids can be given topically, inhaled, intravenously, by mouth or injected into joints.
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Which of the following categories of medications increases aqueous fluid outflow in the patient with glaucoma?
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