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Citation, DOI & article dataCitation: Bell D, Weerakkody Y, Thurston M, et al. Barium sulfate contrast medium. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 18 Nov 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-55948 Barium sulfate (BaSO4), often just called barium in radiology parlance, is an ionic salt of barium (Ba), a metallic chemical element with atomic number 56. Barium sulfate forms the basis for a range of contrast media used in fluoroscopic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract. Unlike barium and many of its other salts, barium sulfate is insoluble in water and therefore very little of the toxic barium metal is absorbed into the body. On this page:It is the preferential contrast agent for gastrointestinal (GI) fluoroscopic examinations 2 due to:
It can also be found in some oral contrast preparations used for CT. Barium can be mixed into high-density or low-density suspensions. Both suspensions typically attenuate x-rays more than water-soluble contrast. High-density barium is preferred over water-soluble contrast for fine-detail evaluation of the gastrointestinal system (e.g. evaluation for early changes from Crohn disease). Suspensions created for CT use are very low density. Due to its insolubility in water, barium sulfate contrast media are supplied as fine particles of the barium sulfate suspended in water. Often artificial flavourings are added to make the mixture more palatable. Its allergy profile is favorable with very few reported reactions 1. Historically, allergy was more common when excipients, such as chocolate, were used 1.
Barium contrast agents may cause a peritonitis if they leak into the peritoneal space. If bowel perforation is suspected, water-soluble contrast is generally preferred 3. The evidence that barium causes a pleuritis and/or mediastinitis if it leaks into the pleural space and/or mediastinum respectively is weak. The initial work establishing a relationship between barium and pleuritis was performed in cats and the analogy extended to humans on theoretical grounds 4. However more recent research suggests that these concerns are unfounded and no case reports of clinically-significant barium-induced pleural/mediastinal inflammation exist. When looking for an esophageal tear, barium is safe to use after ruling out a large leak with water soluble-contrast 5. Barium contrast is not directly toxic to the airways (unlike hyperosmolar water-soluble contrast (e.g. Gastrografin)), and in the past it has even been used to create bronchograms 6. Barium does, however, have the potential to plug the distal airways, diminishing the capacity for gas exchange, and barium aspiration may rarely be fatal 8. Barium migration into the bloodstream, known as intravasation is a serious and rare complication, with the potential to cause fatal end-organ emboli - especially pulmonary, although it is incredibly rare if the contrast is used appropriately 7. Related articles: Imaging in practicePromoted articles (advertising)
 AbstractBarium sulphate is considered a safe and efficacious contrast medium that is routinely used for radiologic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract. Although the examinations rarely result in complications, the technique is moderately invasive and not entirely innocuous. Complications resulting from the procedures, and adverse reactions from the barium itself, have ranged from mild to severe and in rare instances have led to patient death. This paper reviews the clinical application, biological requirements and clinical properties of barium sulphate contrast media used in diagnostic x-ray imaging. It also outlines the risk factors and associated adverse reactions and complications involved with the use of barium sulphate, and presents documented cases where iatrogenic injuries have resulted. RésuméLe sulfate de baryum est considéré comme une substance de contraste sûre et efficace et il est couramment utilisé pour les examens radiologiques du tractus gastro-intestinal. Bien que ces examens n'entraînent que rarement des complications, leur technique est légèrement invasive et non entièrement inoffensive. Les complications produites par l'examen, et les réactions négatives au baryum, ont été de légères à graves et ont même causé la mort des patients dans quelques rares cas. Cet article examine l'application clinique, les exigences biologiques et les propriétés cliniques du sulfate de baryum utilisé comme substance de contraste pour les diagnostics effectués par imagerie diagnostique. Il présente également les facteurs de risques ainsi que les réactions négatives et les complications résultant de l'utilisation du produit, de même que des cas ayant résulté en blessures iatrogéniques. Cited by (0)Michel A. Périard, BappSc (MedImaging), DT(Physics), CET, is a Radiation Safety Inspector and A/Head of the X-ray Inspection Unit of the Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada. Formerly he worked as a Physics Technologist with the National Dosimetry Services, Automations Engineering Unit, involved in the research and development of thermoluminescent dosimetry and readout systems. Before that he worked at the Defence Research Establishment Ottawa as a Physics Technologist assisting in the research and development of radiation detection instrumentation for use by the Canadian Forces. View full textCopyright © 2003 DATE Canadian Association of Medical Radiation Technologists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Which of the following contrast media are used for examination of the gastrointestinal tract?Barium sulfate can be used as a single contrast agent in the gastrointestinal tract; it can also be used for positive contrast in studies that use air for negative contrast (double-contrast examinations).
What is the most common type of contrast medium used for a be quizlet?Barium is the most common contrast agent used for examinations of the GI tract. Patients are usually instructed to increase their intake of fluids for a few days to aid in the elimination of the contrast from the digestive tract. Increased fluids will help in the elimination of both iodinated and barium agents.
What are the two types of contrast media used in double contrast procedures?There are two types of contrast media, negative contrast media (more radiolucent than surrounding tissues) and positive contrast media (more radiopaque). They achieve this difference by absorbing less or more respectively of the incident radiation than do the surrounding tissues.
Which of the following are advantages of using double contrast technique for examination of the stomach?Test Question. Which of the following acts as a valve between the stomach and small intestine?The part of the stomach that connects to the duodenum (first part of the small intestine). The pylorus is a valve that opens and closes during digestion. This allows partly digested food and other stomach contents to pass from the stomach to the small intestine.
Which position should the patient be placed in to insert the enema tip for a barium enema?You will be positioned horizontally on the examination table in a side-lying position. A lubricated rectal tube will be inserted into the rectum to allow the barium to flow into the intestine. The barium will be allowed to flow slowly into the intestine.
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Which of the following contrast mediums are used for examinations of the gastrointestinal tract?
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