The Articles of Confederation served as the written document that established the functions of the national government of the United States after it declared independence from Great Britain. It established a weak central government that mostly, but not entirely, prevented the individual states from conducting their own foreign diplomacy. Show
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The Albany Plan an earlier, pre-independence attempt at joining the colonies into a larger union, had failed in part because the individual colonies were concerned about losing power to another central insitution. As the American Revolution gained momentum, however, many political leaders saw the advantages of a centralized government that could coordinate the Revolutionary War. In June of 1775, the New York provincial Congress sent a plan of union to the Continental Congress, which, like the Albany Plan, continued to recognize the authority of the British Crown. Some Continental Congress delegates had also informally discussed plans for a more permanent union than the Continental Congress, whose status was temporary. Benjamin Franklin had drawn up a plan for “Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union.” While some delegates, such as Thomas Jefferson, supported Franklin’s proposal, many others were strongly opposed. Franklin introduced his plan before Congress on July 21, but stated that it should be viewed as a draft for when Congress was interested in reaching a more formal proposal. Congress tabled the plan. Following the Declaration of Independence, the members of the Continental Congress realized it would be necessary to set up a national government. Congress began to discuss the form this government would take on July 22, disagreeing on a number of issues, including whether representation and voting would be proportional or state-by-state. The disagreements delayed final discussions of confederation until October of 1777. By then, the British capture of Philadelphia had made the issue more urgent. Delegates finally formulated the Articles of Confederation, in which they agreed to state-by-state voting and proportional state tax burdens based on land values, though they left the issue of state claims to western lands unresolved. Congress sent the Articles to the states for ratification at the end of November. Most delegates realized that the Articles were a flawed compromise, but believed that it was better than an absence of formal national government. On December 16, 1777, Virginia was the first state to ratify. Other states ratified during the early months of 1778. When Congress reconvened in June of 1778, the delegates learned that Maryland, Delaware and New Jersey refused to ratify the Articles. The Articles required unanimous approval from the states. These smaller states wanted other states to relinquish their western land claims before they would ratify the Articles. New Jersey and Delaware eventually agreed to the conditions of the Articles, with New Jersey ratifying on Nov 20, 1778, and Delaware on Feb 1, 1779. This left Maryland as the last remaining holdout. Irked by Maryland’s recalcitrance, several other state governments passed resolutions endorsing the formation of a national government without the state of Maryland, but other politicians such as Congressman Thomas Burke of North Carolina persuaded their governments to refrain from doing so, arguing that without unanimous approval of the new Confederation, the new country would remain weak, divided, and open to future foreign intervention and manipulation. Meanwhile, in 1780, British forces began to conduct raids on Maryland communities in the Chesapeake Bay. Alarmed, the state government wrote to the French minister Anne-César De la Luzerne asking for French naval assistance. Luzerne wrote back, urging the government of Maryland to ratify the Articles of Confederation. Marylanders were given further incentive to ratify when Virginia agreed to relinquish its western land claims, and so the Maryland legislature ratified the Articles of Confederation on March 1, 1781. The Continental Congress voted on Jan 10, 1781, to establish a Department of Foreign Affairs; on Aug 10 of that year, it elected Robert R. Livingston as Secretary of Foreign Affairs. The Secretary’s duties involved corresponding with U.S. representatives abroad and with ministers of foreign powers. The Secretary was also charged with transmitting Congress’ instructions to U.S. agents abroad and was authorized to attend sessions of Congress. A further Act of Feb 22, 1782, allowed the Secretary to ask and respond to questions during sessions of the Continental Congress. The Articles created a sovereign, national government, and, as such, limited the rights of the states to conduct their own diplomacy and foreign policy. However, this proved difficult to enforce, as the national government could not prevent the state of Georgia from pursuing its own independent policy regarding Spanish Florida, attempting to occupy disputed territories and threatening war if Spanish officials did not work to curb Indian attacks or refrain from harboring escaped slaves. Nor could the Confederation government prevent the landing of convicts that the British Government continued to export to its former colonies. In addition, the Articles did not allow Congress sufficient authority to enforce provisions of the 1783 Treaty of Paris that allowed British creditors to sue debtors for pre-Revolutionary debts, an unpopular clause that many state governments chose to ignore. Consequently, British forces continued to occupy forts in the Great Lakes region. These problems, combined with the Confederation government’s ineffectual response to Shays’ Rebellion in Massachusetts, convinced national leaders that a more powerful central government was necessary. This led to the Constitutional Convention that formulated the current Constitution of the United States.
The three most important changes that were made from the Articles of Confederation to the Constitution were the addition of the House of Representatives and the Senate the idea of separation of powers and lastly checks and balances. What were the biggest benefits of the Constitution over the Articles of Confederation?One of the most significant changes between the Articles of Confederation and Constitution was the creation of the three branches of government: the executive legislative and judicial. This separation of powers ensured that power would not be concentrated in one particular branch. What were the successes and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?The federal government under the Articles was too weak to enforce their laws and therefore had no power. The Continental Congress had borrowed money to fight the Revolutionary War and could not repay their debts. States had also fallen into debt and were raising taxes to pay off those debts. What were 3 weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Each state only had one vote in Congress regardless of size. Congress had not have the power to tax. Congress did not have the power to regulate foreign and interstate commerce. There was no executive branch to enforce any acts passed by Congress. Which choices accurately identify achievements under the Articles of Confederation?Which choices accurately identify achievements made under the government of the Articles of Confederation? included provisions for territorial growth and the admission of new states. Which was a main reason for creating the Articles of Confederation?The purpose of the Articles of Confederation was to plan the structure of the new government and to create a confederation-some kind of government. What did the Articles of Confederation do wrong?Congress is Unable to Control Commerce Between America and Foreign Nations. Under the Articles of Confederation Congress lacked the authority to regulate commerce making it unable to protect or standardize trade between foreign nations and the various states. Why did we get rid of the Articles of Confederation?Ultimately the Articles of Confederation failed because they were crafted to keep the national government as weak as possible: There was no power to enforce laws. No judicial branch or national courts. Amendments needed to have a unanimous vote. What problems did the Articles of Confederation cause for the US?One of the biggest problems was that the national government had no power to impose taxes. To avoid any perception of “taxation without representation ” the Articles of Confederation allowed only state governments to levy taxes. To pay for its expenses the national government had to request money from the states. Which was an achievement of the Second Continental Congress?the Declaration of Independence Major accomplishments of the Second Continental Congress: On July 4 1776 they issued the Declaration of Independence declaring the United States as an independent country from Britain. On June 14 1777 they passed the Flag Resolution for an official United States Flag. What was a major success of the national government under the Articles of Confederation 1781 to 1788?One of the main accomplishments of the Congress under the Articles of Confederation was passage of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 organizing the settlement of the Northwest Territories. The United States Government succeeded in settling conflicts associated with the settlement of western lands. What were the 6 weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?Six Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation:
Problems of the Articles of Confederation The states rarely contributed money meaning the national government could not pay its debts or fund initiatives. The national government could not regulate international or interstate trade. What was done to strengthen the Articles of Confederation?Moreover attempts to strengthen the Articles required unanimous support of the states. In 1787 the Federal Convention approved the U.S. Constitution which when ratified by the states superseded the Articles of Confederation. What were the major changes from the Articles of Confederation to the Constitution what problems did the framers fix with the adoption of the new Constitution?What problems did the framers “fix”? Some of the major changes were that government now has the authority to impose tax and muster armys together. They placed an executive and judicial branch. They were able to get in-between disputes between states. Who benefited from the Articles of Confederation?The British took advantage of the articles of confederation. According to the Treaty of Paris the territories west of the original 13 colonies were the responsibility of the United States. Under the Articles of Confederation absolute unity was required for the U.S. to control that land. What are the benefits of the constitution?First it creates a national government consisting of a legislative an executive and a judicial branch with a system of checks and balances among the three branches. Second it divides power between the federal government and the states. And third it protects various individual liberties of American citizens. How did the constitution fix the Articles of Confederation?How did the constitution fix the weaknesses of the articles of confederation? The Constitution fixed the weaknesses by allowing the central government certain powers/rights. What Were the Articles of Confederation? | HistoryWhat were the major achievements of the United States under the Articles of Confederation? L8S4The Articles of Confederation – Becoming the United States – Extra History – #1Achievements and Weaknesses of the Articles of ConfederationWhat were achievements of the Articles of Confederation?Planned for establishment of government in the territories.. Expanded basic democratic rights into the Northwest – Congress would guarantee trial by jury, freedom of speech, press, no slavery.. Set process for territory to become a state.. What was the most important achievement of the Confederation Congress?Congress under the Articles of Confederation (1781-1789)
This Confederation Congress did make its mark, though. It chartered the first U.S. bank; and more significantly, it called for the seizure of Native land through measures like the Northwest Ordinance of 1787.
How did the Articles of Confederation affect the power of the federal government to influence economic policy?The Articles established a weak central government and placed most powers in the hands of the states. Under the Articles, the US economy faltered, since the central government lacked the power to enforce tax laws or regulate commerce.
What did the Confederation Congress accomplish quizlet?Which of the following did the Confederation Congress accomplish? It negotiated a good treaty with Britain at the end of the Revolution. It established an orderly process to create new states.
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Which of the following describes a significant achievement of the articles of confederation?
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