Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with nervousness in your speeches quizlet?

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1. Arts and Humanities
2. English
3. Linguistics

Terms in this set (113)

Communication skills, including public speaking, are often ranked first among the qualities employers seek in college graduates.

True

The growth of the Internet and social networking is reducing the need for public speaking.

False

As your textbook states, public speaking is a form of empowerment because it gives speakers the ability to manipulate people.

False

The teaching and study of public speaking began more than 4,000 years ago.

True

Both public speaking and conversation involve adapting to listener feedback.

True

Public speaking requires the same method of delivery as ordinary conversation.

False

Public speaking usually requires more formal language than everyday conversation.

True

Public speaking is more highly structured than everyday conversation.

True

When you adjust to the situation of a public speech, you are doing on a larger scale what you do every day in conversation.

True

As a speaker, you can usually assume that an audience will be interested in what you have to say.

False

Fortunately, stage fright only affects inexperienced speakers.

False

Most successful speakers are nervous before taking the floor.

True

Some nervousness before you speak is usually beneficial.

True

Many of the symptoms of stage fright are due to adrenaline, a hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress.

True

Thinking of stage fright as "stage excitement" or "stage enthusiasm" can help you get focused and energized for a speech.

True

For most beginning speakers, the biggest part of stage fright is fear of the un-known.

True

It has been estimated that being fully prepared for a speech can reduce stage fright by up to 75 percent.

True

Thinking positively about your ability to give a speech is one way to control your anxiety about speaking.

True

Research has shown that for most speakers, anxiety decreases significantly after the first 30 to 60 seconds of a speech.

True

Using the power of visualization to control stage fright means that you should approach your speech as a performance in which the audience is looking for perfection.

False

As your textbook explains, visualization involves creating a mental picture of yourself succeeding at your speech.

True

Speakers who think positively about themselves and the speech experience are more likely to overcome their stage fright than are speakers who think nega-tively.

True

Researchers suggest that you counter every negative thought you have about your speeches with at least five positive ones.

True

Listeners usually realize how tense a speaker is.

False

Most of the nervousness public speakers feel internally is not visible to their listeners.

True

As your textbook explains, the best way to approach public speaking is to view it as an act of communication, rather than as a performance.

True

Audiences are usually critical of speakers for making minor mistakes.

False

You will do the best in your speeches if you expect perfection every time.

False

It is usually a bad idea to make eye contact with individual members of your audience.

False

In many aspects of public speaking, you will employ the skills of critical thinking.

True

Organizing ideas for presentation in a speech is an important aspect of critical thinking.

True

Critical thinking is a way of thinking negatively about everything you hear in a speech.

False

Practicing speech delivery is one of the most important ways in which public speaking helps develop your skills as a critical thinker.

False

Your goal in public speaking is to have your intended message be the message that is actually communicated.

True

As your textbook explains, the speaker's message consists only of what the speaker says with language.

False

The channel is the room in which speech communication takes place.

False

The channel is the means by which a message is communicated.

True

A speaker's frame of reference and a listener's frame of reference will never be exactly the same.

True

Most of the time, the listener's frame of reference is identical to the speaker's frame of reference.

False

Because most people share the same frame of reference, the meaning of a message is usually the same to a listener as to a speaker.

False

Most public speaking situations involve two-way communication.

True

When you give a speech to your classmates, you are engaged in one-way communication.

False

The nonverbal messages that listeners send back to speakers are called feedback.

True

Interference is anything that impedes the communication of a message.

True

Interference can come from either inside or outside your audience.

True

Speechmaking becomes more complex as cultural diversity increases.

True

Although language changes from culture to culture, the meaning of nonverbal signals is consistent across cultures.

False

Ethnocentrism is an advantage to speakers who seek to understand the values, beliefs, and customs of audiences from different cultures.

False

Ethnocentrism often leads to prejudice and hostility toward people of different racial, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds.

True

Public speakers who seek to avoid being ethnocentric need to show respect for the cultures of the people they address.

True

Avoiding ethnocentrism means that you must agree with the values and prac-tices of all groups and cultures.

False

Ethnocentrism needs to be avoided when you are in the role of listener as well as when you are in the role of speaker.

True

Ethnocentrism is unique to western cultures such as those in the United States and Europe.

False

Ethnocentrism is a part of every culture.

True

Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures.

True

When your textbook describes public speaking as a form of empowerment, it means that public speaking is
a. a way to manipulate people.
b. a way to make a difference in something we care about.
c. a way to make everyone see things through our frame of reference.
d. a way to demonstrate how clever we are.
e. a way to make bad ideas seem good.

b. a way to make a difference in something we care about.

To say that public speaking is a way to make a difference about something we care about is to recognize that public speaking is
a. a form of empowerment.
b. a skill similar to conversation.
c. an art more than a science.
d. all of the above.
e. b and c only.

a. a form of empowerment.

As your textbook explains, many of the skills used in public speaking are the same as those used in everyday conversation. These skills include
a. telling a story for maximum impact.
b. tailoring your message to your audience.
c. organizing your thoughts logically.
d. all of the above.
e. a and c only.

d. all of the above.

How much time does the average adult spend in conversation?
a. about 50 percent of waking hours
b. about 10 percent of waking hours
c. about 20 percent of waking hours
d. about 30 percent of waking hours
e. about 40 percent of waking hours

d. about 30 percent of waking hours

Many of the skills used in public speaking are the same as those used in everyday conversation. These skills include
a. organizing your thoughts logically.
b. tailoring your message to your audience.
c. adapting to listener feedback.
d. all of the above.
e. b and c only.

d. all of the above.

When you experience stage fright, your body is producing extra __________ , a hormone that is released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress.
a. adrenaline
b. serotonin
c. potassium
d. glauconite
e. cortisone

a. adrenaline

According to your textbook, rather than trying to eliminate every trace of stage fright, you should aim at transforming it into
a. general anxiety.
b. visualized adrenaline.
c. professional stage fright.
d. positive nervousness.
e. confident apprehension.

d. positive nervousness.

Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with stage fright?
a. Acquire speaking experience.
b. Turn negative thoughts into positive ones.
c. Don't expect perfection.
d. all of the above
e. a and b only

d. all of the above

Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with nervousness in your speeches?
a. Visualize yourself giving a successful speech.
b. Concentrate on communicating with the audience, rather than on your nerves.
c. Choose a topic you care about and prepare thoroughly for the speech.
d. all of the above
e. b and c only

d. all of the above

Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with nervousness in your speeches?
a. Remember that your nervousness is not usually visible to your audience.
b. Concentrate on communicating with the audience rather than on your nerves.
c. As you rehearse, visualize yourself giving a successful speech.
d. all of the above
e. b and c only

d. all of the above

Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with nervous-ness in your speeches?
a. Concentrate on thinking about your stage fright.
b. Work especially hard on your conclusion.
c. Avoid making eye contact with your audience.
d. Try to generate extra adrenaline as you speak.
e. Think of your speech as an act of communication.

e. Think of your speech as an act of communication.

Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with nervousness in your speeches?
a. Visualize the worst things that could happen.
b. Turn negative thoughts into positive thoughts.
c. Avoid making direct eye contact with the audience.
d. Stay up late the night before to finish preparing.
e. Generate extra adrenaline as you speak.

b. Turn negative thoughts into positive thoughts.

Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with nervousness in your speeches?
a. Tell your audience how nervous you are.
b. Avoid making eye contact with the audience.
c. Focus on achieving perfection in your speech.
d. Visualize yourself giving a successful speech.
e. Memorize your conclusion word for word.

d. Visualize yourself giving a successful speech.

One way to build confidence as a speaker is to create a vivid mental blueprint in which you see yourself succeeding in your speech. According to your textbook, this process is called
a. representation.
b. imagistic practice.
c. anticipatory rehearsal.
d. foreshadowing.
e. visualization.

e. visualization.

According to your textbook, when you employ the power of visualization as a method of controlling stage fright, you should
a. decrease the time necessary for preparing your speech.
b. keep your mental pictures from becoming too vivid.
c. focus on the positive aspects of your speech.
d. all of the above.
e. a and b only.

c. focus on the positive aspects of your speech.

Research has shown that the anxiety level of most speakers drops off significantly
a. before they rise to speak.
b. as soon as they begin to speak.
c. when they are 30 to 60 seconds into the speech.
d. after they reach the middle of the speech.
e. none of the above.

c. when they are 30 to 60 seconds into the speech.

Which of the following strategies is least likely to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches?
a. thinking positively
b. concentrating on your stage fright
c. working especially hard on your introduction
d. making eye contact with members of your audience
e. using visual aids

b. concentrating on your stage fright

All of the following are recommended by your textbook to help you deal with nervousness except:
a. Acquire speaking experience.
b. Focus on achieving perfection.
c. Remember that most nervousness is not visible to the audience.
d. Visualize yourself giving a successful speech.
e. Prepare your speech thoroughly.

b. Focus on achieving perfection.

Heather was in the midst of an excellent speech on campus history when she made a minor mistake by giving the wrong date for the opening of a campus building. She suddenly stopped speaking and said, "Oh, I messed up." She then finished her speech, but all she could think about afterward was her mistake. What is the major piece of advice from your textbook that Heather needs to be reminded about?
a. There is no such thing as a perfect speech.
b. You should work especially hard on your introduction.
c. Audiences usually can't tell how nervous a speaker is.
d. You should take slow, deep breaths before you speak.
e. It is natural for public speakers to be nervous.

a. There is no such thing as a perfect speech.

Dealing with such matters as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion are all part of what your textbook calls
a. deduction.
b. critical thinking.
c. rational communication.
d. oral deliberation.
e. induction.

b. critical thinking.

Which of the following aspects of public speaking is least likely to help strengthen your skills as a critical thinker?
a. researching your speech
b. outlining and organizing your speech
c. testing the logic of your arguments
d. practicing the delivery of your speech
e. assessing the validity of your evidence

d. practicing the delivery of your speech

Whatever a speaker communicates to someone else is termed the
a. channel.
b. code.
c. feedback.
d. message.
e. source.

d. message.

As your textbook explains, the means by which a message is communicated is termed the
a. channel.
b. vehicle.
c. carrier.
d. catalyst.
e. stimulus.

a. channel.

As defined in your textbook, channel in the speech communication process refers to
a. the feedback sent to a speaker by the listener.
b. the means by which a message is communicated.
c. the physical location where the communication takes place.
d. the process by which listeners adapt to the speaker.
e. the content a speaker communicates to someone else.

b. the means by which a message is communicated.

Jamal attended the campus president's speech about tuition increases, while Mary listened to the speech on the radio. Later, Mary said she thought the president's words stated clearly that he opposed an increase in tuition. But Jamal said that the way the president avoided looking at students when he talked about tuition made it seem the president actually supported an increase in tuition. The difference in the messages Mary and Jamal received most likely resulted from the fact that
a. Jamal is a better listener than Mary.
b. Mary and Jamal both experienced feedback.
c. Mary and Jamal received the message through different channels.
d. Mary and Jamal are majoring in different subjects.
e. Mary is a better listener than Jamal.

c. Mary and Jamal received the message through different channels.

Everything a speaker says is filtered through a listener's
a. frame of reference.
b. credibility.
c. feedback.
d. personal screen.
e. psychological field.

a. frame of reference.

According to your textbook, the knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes through which each listener filters a message is called the listener's
a. personal screen.
b. sphere of values.
c. attitudinal core.
d. frame of reference.
e. psychological field.

d. frame of reference.

Because every person has a unique __________ based on his or her own knowledge, experience, and values, the meaning of a message can never be exactly the same to a lis-tener as to a speaker.
a. frame of reference.
b. personal screen
c. feedback mechanism
d. attitudinal core
e. psychological field

a. frame of reference.

As you listen to a speech about campus crime, you relate the speaker's ideas to your own knowledge, goals, and experience. According to your textbook, you are filtering the speech through your own
a. psychological screen.
b. cognitive field.
c. frame of reference.
d. social perspective.
e. personal vision.

c. frame of reference.

__________ lets you know how your message is being received.
a. Vocal variety
b. Credibility
c. Feedback
d. Interference
e. Audience adaptation

c. Feedback

As you present your speech, you notice that many of your listeners have interested looks on their faces and are nodding their heads in agreement with your ideas. According to your textbook, these reactions by your listeners are called
a. interference.
b. cognitive cues.
c. feedback.
d. audience cues.
e. indicators.

c. feedback.

In the midst of a speech about volcanoes, a speaker notices quizzical expressions on the faces of her listeners. In response, she says, "Let me explain that point again to make sure it's clear." When this happens, the speaker is
a. building her credibility.
b. adapting to feedback.
c. compensating for the situation.
d. interpreting the audience's frame of reference.
e. adjusting the channel.

b. adapting to feedback.

As Christopher delivered his speech, he noticed that some members of his audience looked confused as he explained one of his main points. As a result, he slowed down and explained the point again. In this case, Christopher was
a. dealing with external interference.
b. adjusting the channel of communication.
c. interpreting the audience's frame of reference.
d. compensating for the situation.
e. adapting to audience feedback.

e. adapting to audience feedback.

__________ lets you know how your message is being received.
a. Vocal variety
b. Credibility
c. Feedback
d. Interference

c. Feedback

Concern by a listener about an upcoming job interview, the lack of air conditioning, or a toothache are all examples of __________ in the speech communication process.
a. feedback
b. avoidance
c. blockage
d. interference
e. divergence

d. interference

According to your textbook, a listener anxious about an upcoming exam, worried about a recent argument with a friend, or distracted by cold air in the classroom would be ex-periencing
a. interference.
b. situational cues.
c. communication apprehension.
d. psychological dissonance.
e. feedback.

a. interference.

A ringing cell phone or an audience member browsing the Web on her laptop during a speech are examples of which element in the speech communication process?
a. channel
b. message
c. feedback
d. interference
e. confusion

d. interference

Someone coughing in the audience or walking in late during a presentation are examples of what element in the speech communication process?
a. intrusion
b. message
c. feedback
d. interference
e. disturbance

d. interference

As Benita approached the podium, loud voices from the hallway filled the room. Before beginning her speech, she asked someone in the back of the room to close the door. In this case, Benita was dealing with
a. stage fright.
b. interference.
c. nonverbal communication.
d. audience attitudes.
e. feedback.

b. interference

Recognizing that the audience for his graduation speech would be packed into a non-air-conditioned gymnasium during the hottest week of the year, Kane decided to keep his speech at the low end of his 10-to-15-minute time limit. In making this decision, Kane was adapting to which element of the speech communication process?
a. location
b. feedback
c. message
d. channel
e. situation

e. situation

Public speakers who seek to communicate with listeners from cultures other than their own need to take special care to avoid __________ in their speeches.
a. ethnocentrism
b. vocalized pauses
c. personal statements
d. visual aids
e. gestures

a. ethnocentrism

The tendency to see the beliefs, values, and customs of one's own culture or group as "right" or "natural" is called
a. ethnicity.
b. egocentrism.
c. ethnocentrism.
d. exclusivity.
e. essentialism.

c. ethnocentrism.

According to your textbook, the belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures is termed
a. egocentrism.
b. ethnicity.
c. ecumenism.
d. ethnocentrism.
e. exclusivity.

d. ethnocentrism.

As your textbook explains, ethnocentrism means
a. showing respect to other groups and cultures.
b. recognizing that listeners are interested in how a topic relates to them.
c. believing one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures.
d. insisting that listeners share a speaker's frame of reference.
e. agreeing with the values and practices of other groups and cultures.

c. believing one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures.

Pradeep is from India and has decided to give his informative speech on Indian mar-riage customs. Because he will be getting married back home the next summer, he is very excited about the topic. He is concerned, however, that his classmates, all of whom are from the United States, may think he is saying that marriage traditions in India are better than those in the United States. Pradeep's concern indicates that he is sensitive to the problem of
a. egocentrism.
b. ethical relativism.
c. ethnocentrism.
d. all of the above.
e. a and b only.

c. ethnocentrism.

Renée is a U.S. college student who was asked to speak at an end-of-the-year banquet sponsored by the International Student Association. When Renée suggested in her speech that all students should behave like people in the United States, she was reflecting
a. effective audience analysis.
b. a sensitivity to cultural diversity.
c. the environmental dictates of the situation.
d. an ethnocentric point of view.
e. her listeners' frame of reference.

d. an ethnocentric point of view.

As discussed in your textbook, conversation and public speaking share at least four similarities, including:

organizing one's thoughts logically

tailoring a message to one's audience

telling a story for maximum impact

adapting to listener feedback

What are the three primary differences discussed in your textbook between public speaking and conversation?

Public speaking is more highly structured.

Public speaking requires more formal language.

Public speaking requires a different manner of delivery.

When you experience stage fright, your body is producing extra _______________ , a hormone that is released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress.

adrenaline

Mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation is called _______________ .

visualization

List five measures you can take to help control your nervousness when giving a speech.

Major methods of controlling stage fright mentioned in the chapter are:
Acquire speaking experience.
Prepare thoroughly for every speech.
Think positively about your speech.
Use the power of visualization.
Know that your nervousness is not visible to the audience.
Don't expect perfection.

Other methods mentioned in the chapter are:
Be at your best physically and mentally.
Quietly flex and relax your muscles while waiting to speak.
Take a couple of deep breaths before starting to speak.
Work especially hard on your introduction.
Make eye contact with members of the audience.
Concentrate on communicating with the audience.
Use visual aids.

The _______________ is the means by which a message is communicated.

channel

Because a listener's _______________ can never be exactly the same as a speaker's, the meaning of a message will never be exactly the same to a listener as to a speaker.

frame of reference

The messages sent by listeners to a speaker are called _______________ .

feedback

_______________ lets you know how your message is being received by your audience.

Feedback

Concern by a listener about lawn mower noise outside the room, an upcoming test, or a sick relative are all examples of _______________ .

interference

The _______________ is the time and place in which speech communication takes place.

situation

The belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures is termed _______________ .

ethnocentrism

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