Which of the following is a good rule of thumb for selecting experimental design?

Asked by negra7585

1.           I NEED THESE ANSWE WITHIN 30 MINUTES PLEASE
2. Andrew designed an experiment that controlled extraneous variables so that the effects on the dependent variable could only be attributed to the independent variable. Based on this description, his experiment achieved satisfactory                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

   construct validity.

   ecological validity.

   external validity.

   internal validity.

3 points   

Question 2

1. A scientific writing style is parsimonious. This means that the writer

   conveys information in as few words as possible.

   does not make inferences about what the reader knows.

   restricts the number of theoretic constructs discussed in the report.

   uses shorter sentences instead of longer ones.

3 points   

Question 3

1. The primary purpose of a written research report is

   advocacy of a theoretical perspective.

   communication of research methodology and findings.

   expression of the researcher’s opinions regarding a problem area.

   stimulation of follow-up studies.

3 points   

Question 4

1. You should describe special steps taken to control extraneous variables in the ____ subsection.

   apparatus

   design

   participants

   procedure

3 points   

Question 5

1. “A t test indicated that attitude scores were significantly different after violent videos than after nonviolent ones, t (34) = 3.12, p < .01, partial η2 = .22” should be placed in the ____ section of a research report.

   introduction

   method

   procedure

   results

3 points   

Question 6

1. When an experiment is long, subjects may become bored and “go through the motions” until the last experimental condition ends. When this impairs subject performance, it illustrates

   carryover effects.

   fatigue effects.

   interference effects.

   practice effects.

3 points   

Question 7

1. The advantage of unobtrusive measures is that they

   have greater external validity.

   reduce confounding.

   yield more realistic data.

   have greater external validity and yield more realistic data.

3 points   

Question 8

1. You should first state specific predictions about the outcome of your study in the ____ section.

   discussion

   introduction

   methods

   results

3 points   

Question 9

1. An experiment must be ____ to be externally valid.

   internal valid

   practically significant

   replicable

   internally valid and replicable

3 points   

Question 10

1. Which is a major limitation of field experiments compared with studies conducted in the laboratory?

   It is harder to employ unobtrusive measures.

   They have less external validity.

   We cannot manipulate antecedent conditions.

   We often have little or no control over who participates in the experiment.

3 points   

Question 11

1. ____ describes the consistency of an effect across past studies and estimates average effect sizes.

   Meta-analysis

   Multivariate analysis

   Power analysis

   Regression analysis

3 points   

Question 12

1. “The results of the current experiment supported the hypothesis that exposure to violent music videos would produce greater acceptance of violent behavior” belongs in the ____ section.

   discussion

   introduction

   method

   results

3 points   

Question 13

1. The overall purpose of the discussion section is to

   evaluate and interpret the results of your experiment.

   explain how you developed the research hypothesis.

   review prior research in the area.

   summarize the study.

3 points   

Question 14

1. When there is a statistically significant difference between two treatment groups, we know 

   extraneous variables did not confound the study.

   random assignment created groups that were identical on the dependent variable before the researcher manipulated the independent variable.

   the effect size of the independent variable is very large.

   the independent variable produced group differences on the dependent variable that are larger than we would expect due to chance.

3 points   

Question 15

1. When we use random assignment in an experiment, we guarantee that

   every subject in our sample has an equal chance of being placed in any of the treatment conditions.

   every subject in the population has an equal chance of being selected for the experiment.

   the treatment groups are identical on potentially confounding extraneous variables.

   treatment order is randomized to prevent order effects.

3 points   

Question 16

1. A typical abstract for a research report rarely exceeds ___ words.

3 points   

Question 17

1. A sample’s representativeness affects

   external validity

   statistical power

   internal validity

   the experimental design

3 points   

Question 18

1. A within-subjects design

   controls extraneous variables better than random assignment in a between-subjects design.

   is less vulnerable to carryover effects than a between-subjects design.

   requires less time to run subjects than a between-subjects design.

   requires more subjects than a between-subjects design.

3 points   

Question 19

1. Which is a good “rule of thumb” for selecting an experimental design?

   Select a design based on the number of subjects immediately available.

   Select a design that can detect higher-order interactions.

   Select the design with the lowest statistical power.

   Select the simplest design that will adequately test your hypothesis.

3 points   

Question 20

1. Since subjects in a within-subjects design participate in more than one experimental condition and are assessed on the dependent variable after each treatment, this design is also called a ____ design.

   between-subjects

   factorial

   independent groups

   repeated-measures

3 points   

Question 21

1. Since Andrew only had 3 days to collect experimental data, he obtained a convenience sample of students eating lunch in the cafeteria. Nonprobability sampling worried him because of risk to his experiment’s

   effect size

   external validity

   internal validity

   statistical power

3 points   

Question 22

1. Toby measured blood pressure changes in extreme Type As and extreme Type Bs who were each exposed to three levels of time pressure to complete a difficult puzzle (no time limit, 15 minutes, and 30 minutes). Which experimental design did Toby use?

   independent groups

   matched groups

   mixed design

   multiple independent groups

3 points   

Question 23

1. A within-subjects design is a poor choice when

   participation in one treatment condition will provide subjects too many clues about the next conditions.

   subjects vary widely in performance on the dependent variable.

   there is a small number of subjects.

   we need to control extraneous subject variables.

3 points   

Question 24

1. We should suspect contamination by ____ when performance improves as participants become more skillful using the equipment.

   carryover effects.

   fatigue effects.

   interference effects.

   practice effects.

3 points   

Question 25

1. Shawn’s study manipulated music (radio or no radio) and list length (short or long), and measured word recognition. Music and list length were

   conditions

   elements

   factors

   levels

3 points   

Question 26

1. Experimental designs that study two or more independent variables at the same time are called

   factorial designs

   multiple levels designs

   multiple independent groups designs

   univariate designs

3 points   

Question 27

1. Which technique manipulates antecedent conditions and observes outcomes  in a natural setting?

   correlational study

   ex post facto

   field experiment

   quasi-experiment

3 points   

Question 28

1. Researchers can use ____ to effectively control reactivity in an experiment.

   aggregation

   control groups

   cover stories

   unobtrustive measures

3 points   

Question 29

1. The most serious dilemma posed by waiting-list control conditions in medical and psychotherapy research is that

   waiting-list controls deny treatment to patients who need it.

   waiting-list controls lack the credibility of conventional treatments.

   waiting-list controls possess low external validity.

   waiting-list controls suffer from high subject mortality.

3 points   

Question 30

1. ____ means that we can accurately extend experimental results to other situations.

   External validity

   Practical significance

   Internal validity

   Research significance

3 points   

Question 31

1. Ashton studied the effect of wearing single-strap and double-strap backpacks on shoulder muscle contraction. He tested the same subjects in both single-strap and double-strap conditions to control individual differences in trapezius muscle activity. This study employed a ____ design.

   between-subjects

   multiple independent groups

   matched groups

   within-subjects

3 points   

Question 32

1. Whenever subjects in an experiment know they are being observed, they may behave differently than others who are not observed. This problem is called

   attribution

   experimenter bias

   reactivity

   social facilitation

3 points   

Question 33

1. A sample's representativeness affects

   external validity.

   statistical power.

   internal validity.

   the experimental design.