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Terms in this set (100).______ refers to the culturally defined concepts of masculinity and femininity Gender Which of the following is true of Aristotle's contribution to psychology? He argued that human behavior is subject to rules and laws Erik works as a counselor. He strongly believes in an individual's capacity for self-fulfillment, self-awareness, and decision making. He works on the principle that people are free to choose their own ethical conduct and are also responsible for choosing their conduct. Erik can be said to be following the _____ perspective. Humanistic-existential Which of the following is true of the scientific method? Psychologists are guided by the principles of critical thinking as they try to draw conclusions from research evidence collected through the scientific method Gustav Theodor Fechner, in his book Elements of Psychophysics, showed: How physical event are related to psychological sensation and perception Since 15 percent of a university compromises Asian-American students, a sample study was chosen in such way that it, too, consisted of 15 percent Asian Americans. This kind of sample would be an example of a Stratified sample A number of people with severe cases of epilepsy have split-brain operations in which much of ___________ is served The corpus callosum Which of the following statements is true of instinctive behavior? Instinctive behavior tends to resist modification, even when it serves no purpose ________ is a method of brain imaging that passes a narrow X-ray beam through the head and measures the structures that reflect the beams from various angles generating a three-dimensional image Computerized axial tomography Which of the following pituitary hormones regulates the adrenal cortex? Adrenocorticotrophic hormone __________ is the concept that holds adaptive genetic variations among members of a species enable individuals with those variations to survive and reproduce Natural selection According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, which of the following is true of passion? It involves preoccupation with the loved one _______ is a factor that contributes to attraction Physical Appearance Prejudices act as cognitive filters through which people view the social world. People tend to think of people as "familiar" or "foreign", or "good" or "bad." Their feelings and reactions towards each other may be biased by these perceptions. This source of prejudice is refereed to as _______ Information processing On a(n) _________ level, prejudice is linked to expectations that members of the target group will behave poorly, say, in the workspace, or engage in criminal behavior or terrorism. Cognitive Which of the following statements is true of aggression? Electrical stimulation of part of the hypothalamus triggers stereotypical aggressive behaviors in many lower animals Which of the following is true of stereotyping? Stereotypes about physically attractive people are positive Which of the following is true of the attraction similarity hypothesis? It theorizes that reciprocity is a powerful determinant of attraction In Sternberg's scheme, romantic love: Refers to an intense, positive emotion that involves sexual attraction, feelings of caring, and the belief that one is in love. According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, identify a true statement about passion. It involves fascination for the loved one, sexual craving, and the desire for exclusiveness In the context of behaviorism, observable behaviors are considered public behaviors because: They can be measured easily and different observers would agree about their existence and features B. F. Skinner proposed: That organisms learn to behave in certain ways because their behavior has a positive outcome Which of the following techniques relies on subtle shifts in blood flow to create a brain scan? Magnetic resonance imaging Messages from the brain or spinal cord are transmitted to muscles or glands through _______. Motor Neurons The __________ is a group of structures involved in memory, motivation, and emotion that forms a fringe along the inner edge of the cerebrum. Limbic system _______ is the inability to recall events that occur prior to the age of three or so Infantile amnesia ______ is the simplified form of meditation brought to the united states by the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and is used as a method for coping with stress Transcendental meditation Identity a true statement about punishments They can rapidly suppress undesirable behavior In the context pf memory and forgetting, the view that one may forget stored material because other learning overlaps with it is known as ______ interference theory Which of the following monocular cues is based on the perception that closer objects appear to have a rougher surfaces? Texture gradient Which of the following best describes psychokinesis? It refers to the ability to mentally manipulate or move objects As we enter stage 1 sleep, the transition from alpha waves to theta waves may be accompanied by _______ during which we may experience brief but vivid dreamlike images A hypnagogic state Alternating periods of wakefulness and sleep reflect an internally generated _________ Circadian rhythm In classical conditioning, the term extinction can be misleading because: Spontaneous recovery of extinguished conditioned responses can occur In the context of reinforcement schedules, a piece worker that gets paid on a per-shirt basis is on a ____________ Fixed-ratio schedule In his initial experiments, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate when he sounded a tone or bell. Pavlov termed these trained salivary responses _______ Conditional reflexes The axon bundle that transmits neural impulses from the organ of Corti to the brain is known as the ___________ Auditory nerve The process of adjusting to conditions of lower lighting by increasing the sensitivity of rods and cones is known as ________ Dark adaptation _________ is an example of a hallucinogenic drug Mescaline
A _______ is a cycle that is connected with the 24-hour period of the earth's rotation Circadian rhythm Mindfulness meditation (MM) provides clients with techniques they can use to: Focus on the present Nightmares, like most pleasant dreams, are products of _______ rapid eye movement sleep Exposure to very loud sounds can lead to damage of the auditory nerve or hair cells, resulting in ________ sensorineural deafness In the context of color blindness, which of the following statements is true? Dichromats are sensitive to black-white and either red-green or blue-yellow colors. According to cognitive psychologists, ______? The changes caused by learning influence an organism's behavior B. F. Skinner taught pigeons and other animals to engage in behavior that manipulates the environment. This kind of behavior is called _________. Operant behavior Children who watch violent shows may act less aggressively when they informed that the: Apparently aggressive behaviors they watch reflect camera tricks, special effects, and stunts. Episodic memory is also referred to as _______. Autobiographical memory General knowledge is referred to as _________. Semantic memory In the context of organization in long-term memory, a(n) ________ is an arrangement of items into groups or classes according to common or distinct features hierarchy A(n) __________ shows the intellectual level at which a child is functioning Mental Age According to Erik Erikson, adolescents who do not develop ___________ may experience role diffusion. Ego identity ___________ is the beginning of menstruation Menarche According to Piaget, children in the formal operation stage of cognitive development: Have the ability to hypothesize ___________ in part reflects the horrors of mass destruction of human life through war and genocide, frequent events in the 20th century Existentialism Which of the following is true humanistic-existential theories? They do not predict the sorts of traits and interests we will develop Alfred Adler's individual psychology focuses on: The role of feelings of inferiority and the creative self in the formation of personality Parents can help children develop self-esteem when they show them ________ regard, or when they accept them as having intrinsic merit regardless of their behavior at the moment. Unconditional positive A(n) ___________ is a partial similarity among things that are different in other ways Analogy Which of the following statements is true of telegraphic speech? It is brief but grammatically correct A(n) ________ rat is characterized by under eating aphagic In the context of hunger, which of the following statements is true of the blood sugar level? The drop in blood sugar is communicated to the hypothalamus According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, decentration in the concrete operational stage refers to children being able to: Center of two dimensions of a problem at once The cessation of menstruation is called ________. menopause Which of the following is a feature of Erikson's trust versus mistrust stage of psychosocial development in children? They are dependent on their primary caregivers When comparing the human mind to an iceberg, Freud labeled the region of the iceberg that pokes into the light of awareness the ________ part of the mind Conscious Freud believed that the Oedipus complex develops in the __________of psychosexual development Phallic stage A(n) _______ is a system of symbols along with rules ghat are used to manipulate the symbols. Language According to Louis Thurstone, ________ are the eight specific factors that make intelligence. Primary mental abilities Identify a criticism about the linguistic-relativity hypothesis Infants display considerable intelligence before they have learned to speak Identify a true statement about environmental influences on intelligence. Studies support the view that children's early environment is linked to academic achievement Identify a true statement about problem solving Heuristics are often based on strategies that worked in the past According to James and Lange, _________ are the cognitive representations of automatic physiological and behavioral responses Emotions Clark Hull's drive-reduction theory states that: Humans learn to engage in behaviors that reduce a state of arousal In the context of anorexia, which of the following statements is true? Affluent females may be at greater risk because they have greater access to fitness centers and health clubs Which of the following is true of the immune system? It remembers how to battle antigens, often for years. Ecstatic elation and deep depression are both aspects of _____. Bipolar disorder Clara has been diagnosed with a psychological disorder. It seems like she has two different personalities. She is allergic to peanuts but the other personality, residing within her, is not allergic to peanuts. Clara has most likely been diagnosed with __________ Dissociative identity disorder ___________ is charchterized by feelings of anxiety and helplessness that are caused by a traumatic events Acute stress disorders Which of the following is true of cancer? People whose immune system is damaged may be more likely to develop cancer _________ engage in search-and-destroy missions in which they "recognize" and eradicate foreign agents and unhealthy cells White blood cells People with higher levels of self-efficacy are more likely to: control their alcohol intake Type A people: are highly driven, competitive, impatient, hostile, and aggressive. A similarity between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder is that they both: Are characterized by feelings of anxiety and helplessness that are caused by a traumatic event According to the dopamine theory, people with schizophrenia _________ Use more dopamine than most people do Dissociative identity disorder was formerly termed __________ Multiple personality disorder Excessive fear of public speaking is a common _________ Social anxiety disorder In the context of specific phobias, __________ is the fear of tight or enclosed places. Claustrophobia In the manic phase of bipolar disorder, a person may: Make huge contributions to charity Posttraumatic stress disorder: May occur months or years after a traumatic experience Schizophrenia is characterized by: Disturbances in thought and language, perception and attention, motor activity, and mood. The core of generalized anxiety disorder appears to be: Pervasive worrying about numerous stressors According to Albert Ellis, __________. The belief that one must be preoccupied by threats is a prescription for perpetual emotional upheaval Cancer is characterized by the development of abnormal, or mutant, cells that may take root anywhere in the body: in the blood, bones, digestive tract, lungs, and sex organs. If their spread is not controlled early, the cancerous cells may ________, that is, establish colonies elsewhere in the body. Metastasize Carole is a healthy teenager. She is able to resist illness despite being severely stressed at times. She believes that change is normal and can face adverse situations well. Psychologists would say that Carole: Is psychologically hardy In the context of stress and the body, which of the following is true of stress? Stress can lead to physical health problems In the context of stress, which of the following is true of predictability and control? The illusion of being in control allows people to feel that they are not at the mercy of the fates People with _______ find it difficult to surrender control or share power type A personality traits Suppose a person is fired and he harbors beliefs such as: "This job was the most important thing in my life," "What a no-good failure I am," "My family will starve," "I'll never find a job as good," "There's nothing I can do about it." According to Albert Ellis, such irrational beliefs contribute to anxiety and depression by: Catastrophizing the extent of loss Unlike type A people, Type B people: Are less ambitious and less impatient Students also viewedpsych 201 final exam243 terms acf222 Psych chapter 320 terms reyannaziz chapter 9 psych20 terms umad321 PSY 101- Chapter 10 Quiz20 terms kperdigao Other sets by this creatorGovernment Chapter 1443 terms James_Hurt22 Psychology Chapter 254 terms James_Hurt22 Psychology Chapter 142 terms James_Hurt22 Government Chapter 325 terms James_Hurt22 Recommended textbook solutionsPsychology: Themes and Variations10th EditionWayne Weiten 180 solutions Drugs Society and Human Behavior15th EditionCarl Hart, Charles Ksir 189 solutions Cognitive Psychology5th EditionE Bruce Goldstein A Concise Introduction to Logic12th EditionPatrick J. 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Which of the following is true of Aristotles contribution to psychology quizlet?
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