Which of the following statements about the stages of writing development is most accurate?

Learning to write involves many skills. Kids need fine motor skills for handwriting and typing. Getting words on paper also requires spelling and other skills closely related to reading.

Writers need to organize their thoughts. As they get older, they’re expected to use more complex sentence structure and vocabulary. They also have to do more planning, drafting, and revising. Many kids have a tough time using these self-regulation strategies in writing.

Kids develop writing skills at different rates. But they tend to meet certain milestones by certain ages. Here’s how writing skills typically develop as kids get older.

Toddlers (ages 1–2 years)

  • Hold crayon in clenched fist
  • Understand that crayons are used for making scribbles

Preschoolers (ages 3–4 years)

  • Draw wavy lines across the page that look like lines of text from a book
  • Make distinct marks that look like letters and that are separated from each other
  • Write some actual letters, especially the letters in their name
  • May write their name
  • May try different kinds of writing, like writing a list or a card
  • May start to draw pictures and label them using letters or letter-like marks

Younger grade-schoolers (ages 5–7 years)

  • Hold pencil correctly and form letters accurately
  • Know the sounds letters make and spell words based on how they sound
  • Spell some common words that aren’t spelled the way they sound (often called sight words)
  • Use different endings for the same word, like walks, walking, and walked
  • In kindergarten, label pictures with a few words and begin to write simple sentences with correct grammar
  • By the end of first or second grade, write a page or more about personal experiences and what they’re learning in school
  • May start using different types of writing, like narratives and opinion papers (“Why I liked this book”)

Older grade-schoolers (ages 8–10 years)

  • Spell words using knowledge of prefixes, suffixes, and root words, like helpful, helpless, and unhelpful
  • Write more complex sentences and use a variety of sentences to express ideas clearly
  • Use different structure and content for different kinds of papers (narrative, informative, and persuasive)
  • Understand the process of planning, drafting, and revising, and begin to use strategies for each of these steps
  • May start to use source materials to gather information for writing
  • May begin to type fairly quickly on a keyboard, if the school teaches this skill

Middle-schoolers

  • Continue to develop typing skills, grammar knowledge, and vocabulary
  • Write more complex narratives that describe personal experiences
  • Cite sources in informative/research papers
  • Write argumentative papers that support claims with reasons and evidence and that consider opposing positions
  • Use strategies for planning and revising, including how to search for accurate information on the internet

High-schoolers

  • Continue to develop typing skills, grammar knowledge, and vocabulary
  • Write longer and more complex papers on various subjects (science, social studies, literature)
  • Use planning strategies to search for and combine information from multiple sources
  • Continue to develop strategies for revising

Remember that all kids are different. A child might do well with one skill but still be a little behind with another. Struggling with writing doesn’t mean kids aren’t smart. Some kids just need more support to thrive as writers.

If you’re concerned that a child isn’t hitting many of these writing milestones, find out why some kids have trouble with writing.

    February 19, 2019

    When did you learn to write? It’s hard to remember, isn’t it? It’s not just because it was so long ago but also because it didn’t happen at one exact moment in time. It happened over time. Just like their bodies, children’s knowledge and skills grow in spurts and stops, as well as sudden peaks and long plateaus.

    Which of the following statements about the stages of writing development is most accurate?

    To help and support children’s writing progression as best as possible, it’s important to understand the different writing stages. Please note that the developmental stages overlap and the age references are a generalization.

    Audio storytelling (3-4 years)

    • This stage is based on the spoken language and gives the youngest users the opportunity to tell stories by using the recording function.
    • Parents and teachers should ’translate’ children’s audio recordings into written language by adding text to the adult text field. This gives children valuable insight into the purpose of writing, and shows similarities and differences between spoken and written language.

    More stage information and inspiration

    Early Emergent Writing (4-5 years)

    • The first writing stage is characterized by ’scribbling,’ where children pretend that they are writing by hitting random keys on the keyboard. It also includes ’logographic’ writing of high frequency and easily recognizable words like the child’s name and text logos like LEGO, McDonald’s, and Oreo.
    • Turn on the key function that provides audio support for the letter names. This allows children to make the connection between the letter and its name while they ’scribble’.
    • Continue to add conventional writing (’translation) in the adult writing field, which gives the child the chance to see the spelling of familiar words.

    More stage information and inspiration

    Emergent Writing (5-7 years)

    • By now, children have gained an initial understanding of phonics, which is the correspondence between letters patterns (graphemes) and sounds (phonemes). Some of the words may have the correct initial letter and a few other letters.
    • Set the audio support to letter sounds (phonemes). Continue to provide conventional writing to help the child understand the letter/sound relationship more fully.
    • Children begin to make the reading-writing connection and are much more aware of embedded clues, such as picture and initial letter clues. When it comes to reading WriteReader books, be sure that they read the conventional text to recognize and learn from the correctly spelled words.

    More stage information and inspiration

    Transitional Writing (6-8 years)

    • At this stage, there is a one-to-one relationship between the letters and sounds represented in children’s writing. For example, word like ’people’ could be spelled ’pepl’.
    • Even though children’s writing has now reached a certain level where it may be able to be read by others, providing conventional writing is still very important to writing progress.
    • Children will learn through comparison that many letters have different sounds and that some are silent. At the same time, children will start to notice and learn about the use of punctuation and capital letters.

    More stage information and inspiration

    Fluent Writing (8-10 years)

    • Around this age, children start to notice and learn all the irregularities in written language. It’s the longest learning phase in writing development and can extend over several years.
    • Children can turn off the key sounds at this stage, if this support is not needed.
    • When children are able to spell more than 75% of the words correctly, it no longer makes sense to ’translate’ their writing in the adult text field. Instead, the teacher/parent can try these suggestions:
    • Write the misspelled words in the adult text field.
    • Write a comment that can guide the children to correct themselves. For example, ’Find and correct two misspelled words’ or ’Remember to use punctuation and capital letters.’

    Most importantly, give your children or students plenty of praise, encouragement, and opportunities to practice writing.

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    Discovery/Investigation. The first step in writing a successful paper in college requires an active engagement with your sources. ... .
    Prewriting. ... .
    Drafting. ... .
    Revising. ... .
    Editing. ... .
    Formatting, Inner-text citation, and Works Cited..

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    The Writing Process.
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    Step 2: Research (if needed) Search. List places where you can find information. ... .
    Step 3: Drafting. Write. ... .
    Step 4: Revising. Make it Better. ... .
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