Which of the following technologies can be used to make a phone call over an Internet connection?

As the speed of Internet connections has increased, the network has moved from a primarily text-based medium to one capable of delivering pictures, audio, and video as well. Today, a number of different technologies known as “voice over Internet Protocol” allow users to speak to each other, emulating telephone service and facilitating communication. Depending on your business’s needs, a number of options may be available to supplement, if not replace, your organization's standard phone service.

VOIP

1. Voice over IP technology digitizes sound using an audio codec, much like audio is captured from a CD. The digitized conversation is then transmitted across the Internet just like other binary data. A broadband Internet connection has sufficient bandwidth to transmit and receive streams of audio data simultaneously, mimicking the two-way communication available through an analog phone line. The actual mechanism of recording sounds, as well as the method of making and receiving calls, depends on the particular VOIP technology involved.

Chat Programs

1. One of the simplest ways to send voice across the Internet is by using one of the many instant messaging (IM) or chat programs that allow it. Most IM apps, such as Windows Live Messenger and Google Talk, have both a voice and video component to allow two people to communicate by sound and image. Similarly, voice-chat programs such as Ventrilo or Mumble allow multiple users to chat in a party-line format by connecting to third-party servers. With all these options, however, each user must connect through the same service. Chat services generally do not interoperate with other communication programs. If your company already uses an IM program for business purposes, however, chat is an easy way to implement VOIP.

Skype

1. Skype is a VOIP program that allows you to communicate with other users via voice or video using a peer-to-peer networking system. While communicating with other users via computer is free, you can also use Skype to connect to traditional telephone users for a fee. The SkypeIn service lets you select a local phone number and tie it to your Skype account, allowing others to dial a number and reach you at your computer. In addition to computers, Skype is available on a number of personal-electronic devices, such as Amazon’s Kindle Fire HD and some VOIP-enabled cell phones.

Vonage

1. Vonage is a VOIP service that takes Internet telephony one step further, allowing you to use an actual touch-tone phone. Vonage provides an adapter that connects to your PC or network and contains a standard phone jack. After you select a local phone number, you can dial out and receive calls just as you would with an analog phone. Vonage offers such business services as multiple lines and Internet-routed fax service. Unlike many other VOIP services, Vonage supports 911 emergency access once you register your phone’s location with the service.

1. Video Conferencing
2. Teleconferencing
3. Optical Fibre
4. VOIP

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : VOIP

1. Video Conferencing:

• Video conferencing is a technology that allows users in different locations to hold face-to-face meetings without having to move to a single location together.
• Video conferencing's main advantage over teleconferencing is that users can see each other, which allows them to develop stronger relationships.
• Video conferencing is a live video-based meeting between two or more people in different locations using video-enabled devices. Video conferencing allows multiple people to meet and collaborate face to face long-distance by transmitting audio, video, text, and presentations in real-time through the internet.

2. Teleconferencing:

• A teleconference or teleseminar is the live exchange and mass articulation of information among several persons and machines remote from one another but linked by a telecommunications system.
• Terms such as audio conferencing, telephone conferencing, and phone conferencing are also sometimes used to refer to teleconferencing.
• Internet teleconferencing includes internet telephone conferencing, video telephony, web conferencing, and augmented reality conference.
• Internet telephony involves conducting a teleconference over the Internet or a Wide Area Network. One key technology in this area is Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP).

3. Optical fiber:

• Optical fiber is the technology associated with data transmission using light pulses traveling along with a long fiber which is usually made of plastic or glass.
• Metal wires are preferred for transmission in optical fiber communication as signals travel with less damages
• Fiber optics, or optical fibers, are long, thin strands of carefully drawn glass about the diameter of a human hair. These strands are arranged in bundles called optical cables.
• So, the optical fiber transmits “data” by light to a receiving end, where the light signal is decoded as data

4. VOIP:

• Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), is a technology that allows us to make voice calls using a broadband Internet connection instead of a regular (or analog) phone line.
• VoIP is the technology that converts our voice into a digital signal, allowing us to make a call directly from a computer, a VoIP phone, or other data-driven devices.
• We may also hear it referred to as IP telephony, internet telephony, broadband telephony, or broadband phone service.
• We'll need a reliable internet connection such as DSL, cable, or fiber from an Internet Service Provider (ISP). The standard bandwidth required for VoIP is 100 Kbps per device.

Video-conferencing is a face-to-face interaction between two or more two people while teleconferencing is a live exchange of information among several people connected with a telephonic system. On the other hand, optical fiber is the technology associated with data transmission using light pulses, while VOIP is the technology that converts our voice into digital form, and then call is directly done by a computer system or other data-driven devices. VOIP allows a phone call to be routed over network wires.

Hence, option (4) is correct.

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