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a. Increase the oxygen flow rate.

-Increasing oxygen flow rate will usually improve oxygen saturation in patients with ventilation-perfusion mismatch, as occurs with pulmonary embolism. Because the problem is with perfusion, actions that improve ventilation, such as deep breathing and coughing, sitting upright, and suctioning, are not likely to improve oxygenation.

Device automatically determines how much the cuff should be inflated to reach a pressure that is approximately 30mm Hg above the systolic pressure.

Cuff does not have to be manually inflated and deflated because this function is performed automatically.

Brachial artery does not need to be located, and the bladder of the cuff does not need to be centered over the brachial artery.

Stethoscope and user listening skills are not required to obtain the reading because the electron- ic sensor in the automated device measures oscillations from the wall of the brachial artery to obtain the reading.

Automated devices are less susceptible to external environmental noise than manual devices.

Blood pressure measurement is easy to read on a digital display screen.

Multiple blood pressure measurements can be taken.

Most automated devices come with an internal memory for storing multiple blood pressure measurements.

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Which patient information is obtained through the use of pulse oximetry?

The probe uses light to measure how much oxygen is in the blood. This information helps the healthcare provider decide if a person needs extra oxygen.

What assessment data would you evaluate to determine if your patient has hypoxemia or hypercapnia?

Pulse oximetry and ABGs are the two most important tests used to identify hypoxemia and hypercapnea.

Which assessment findings will the nurse expect when caring for a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome?

The physical examination will include findings associated with the respiratory system, such as tachypnea and increased effort to breathe. Systemic signs may also be evident depending on the severity of illness, such as central or peripheral cyanosis resulting from hypoxemia, tachycardia, and altered mental status.

In which condition will the nurse expect to hear fine and coarse crackles during lung auscultation?

They are caused by mucous in larger bronchioles, as heard in COPD. Fine crackles are heard during late inspiration and may sound like hair rubbing together. These sounds originate in the small airways/alveoli and may be heard in interstitial pneumonia or pulmonary fibrosis.