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Terms in this set (79)Psychology the scientific study of mind and behavior Scientific Method systematic procedure of observation, measurement, and experimentation Hypothesis a tentative explanation to explain a phenomenon Theory well-developed set of ideas that propose an explanation for observed phenomena Empirical method grounded in objective, tangible evidence that can be observed time and time again, regardless of who is observing What was psychology's intellectual parents? Philosophy and Physiology Wilhelm Wundt German scientist and professor that made psychology an independent discipline Wilhelm Wundt Established 1st formal psychology lab Wilhelm Wundt Established 1st journal devoted to psych research 1879 When was the first formal psychology lab 1881 When was the first journal devoted to psych research developed Structuralism analyze basic elements of consciousness and investigate how they are related to each other Who was Edward B. Tichener A student of Wundt Contents of mental process The focus of structuralism was on ___ rather than their functions Sensation and Preparation vision, hearing, touch Functionalism investigate the function or purpose of consciousness, rather than the structure/components Leader of the functionalism movement William James Principles of Psychology Book by William James Influenced William James Darwin Natural Selection Heritable characteristics that provide a survival or reproductive advantage are more likely to be passed on to subsequent generations over time. Stream of consciousness Experience is continuous and constantly unique
Criticism of Structuralists Focusing on static points of consciousness misses the point Practical slant how people adapt to their environment Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud Developed Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Psychoanalysis Hinged on the idea of the Unconscious Unconscious thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but nonetheless greatly influence thoughts and behaviors Began to treat patients suffering from "hysteria" and neurosis Sigmund Freud Eventually developed his psychoanalytic theory Sigmund Freud Psychoanalytic Theory Explains personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior and childhood experiences. The psychoanalytic theory was a stray from previous beliefs because people were not masters of their kinds and behavior is greatly influenced by coping with sexual urges Carl Jung and Alfred Adler notable followers of Freud, later deviated from Freud's theories and developing their own Freud and Psychoanalytic Theory well knows by the 1920's Medicine, the Arts, Literature Psychoanalytic theory continued to flourish influencing many other areas of study: Gestalt is a German word for what? whole Immigrated to US from Germany to escape Nazis Wertheimer, Koffka, Kohler Introduced US to Gestalt principles Wertheimer, Koffka, Kohler Premise Scientific psychology should study only observable behavior Behavior any observable response or activity by an organism.
Wilhem Wundt Sought to identify the components of consciousness Introspection Process by which someone examines their own conscious experience in an attempt to break it into its component parts Why consciousness works rather than how What did William James study? What type of patients did Sigmund Freud treat Patients suffering from hysteria Why were psychologist skeptical about pschyoanalytic theory It was not founded in pure science and was based more on philosophy Gestalt Principles Sensory experience to individual parts and how these parts relate to each other as a whole is what the individual perceives Gestalt picture therapy Ivan Pavlov used his dog to test conditioned responses John Watson Who thought the idea of studying consciousness should be abandoned Nature Genetic influence Nurture Environmental Influence (Experiences) Watson argued that behavior was determined almost entirely by environmental influences Wilhem Wundt Which individual wrote Principles of Physiological Psychology and is credited with establishing a scientific laboratory of Psychology at the University of Leipzig? Skinner box A(n) ________ , also known as an operant chamber, is an instrument that isolates an animal from the external environment and allows a researcher to control that animal's rewards and punishments studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________. Humanism Which perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans. Proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior For which concept is Abraham Maslow best known? Gestalt psychology A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principals of ________. the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ________. Select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest perspective listed first. structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism biopsychologist Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a ________. conscientiousness When studying personality traits, someone who is hardworking, dependable, and organized will score high on the ________ trait. forensic Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation A dissertation Which of the following is a common requirement of a PhD across different schools and/or countries? Innovative treatment patient takes a lead role in therapy Cognition mental processes used to acquire knowledge the study of internal mental events Psychology must include ___ to fully understand behavior Noam Chomsky Strong critic of B. F. Skinner's behaviorist theory of the acquisition of language Noam Chomsky Proposed the idea of Language Acquisition Device Noam Chomsky Reduced influence of behaviorism and gave strength to cognitive psychology Biopsychology how our biology influences our behavior Sensation physiological (sensory receptors detect sensory stimuli) Perception psychological (organization, interpretation and conscious experience) Developmental Psychology Scientific study of human development across a lifespan Developmental Psychology Physical changes associated with
aging object permanence Understanding that objects continue to exist even when unable to be observed Personality Psychology The patterns of thoughts and behaviors that make individuals unique Social Psychology How we interact and relate to others Forensic Psychology Branch of psychology that deals with questions of psychology relating to the criminal justice system. Carl Rogers Who developed client-centered therapy Recommended textbook solutions
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Who is credited for founding the first psychological laboratory?The 1st psychology lab in the U.S.A. was established in 1883 at Johns Hopkins University by G. Stanley Hall.
Who opened the first Experimental Psychology lab at the University of Leipzig in 1879?In 1879, at the University of Leipzig, Wundt established the first psychology laboratory. It is because he started the experimental tradition in psychology that Wundt is considered to be one of the founders of psychology.
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Who is credited with establishing a scientific laboratory of psychology at the University of Leipzig?
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