Why did many northern wage earners not support abolition in the mid-eighteenth century?

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16 Clarence-Smith, Islam pp. 118–19;

17 Sbornik Imperatorskogo Russkogo Istoricheskogo Obshchestvo (Collected works of the Imperial Russian historical society), vol. 41, St Petersburg, 1884, pp. 42–3, 52–3, 104–7, 115–21, 146–57.

18 Toledano, Slavery, p. 8.

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21 Hellie, Slavery, pp. 68–69.

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27 Hellie, Slavery; Kolycheva, Elena I., Kholopstvo i krepostinichestvo, konets XV–XVI vek (The kholopy and enserfment, end of the fifteenth century to sixteenth century), Moskow: Nauka, 1971;Google ScholarViktor M., Paneiakh, Kholopstvo v pervoi polovine XVII veke (Kholopstvo in the first half of the seventeenth century), Leningrad: Nauka, 1984.Google Scholar

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31 Cherepnin, L. V. and Bakhrushin, S. V., eds.,Dokumenty i dogorovnye gramoty velikikh i udel’nykh kniazei XIV–XVI vv. (Documents and acts decreed by princes, fourteenth to sixteenth centuries), Moskow: Nauka, 1950, p. 409–n. 98Google Scholar;

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34 Paneiakh, ‘Ulozhenie 1597’, p. 161.

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40 Petr Ivanovich, Ivanov, Alfavitnyi ukazatel’ familii i lits, upominaemykh v boiarkikh knigach, khraniashchikhsia v l-m otdelenii moskovskogo arkhiva ministerstva iustitsii, (Alphabetical index of families and persons named in the boyari books, conserved in the first section of the Moscow Archives of the Ministry of Justice), Moskow: Ministerstvo Iustitsii, 1853.Google Scholar

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43 Hellie, Slavery, pp. 423–4.

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54 Hellie, Enserfment, p. 142; Daniel Morrison, Trading peasants and urbanization in eighteenth-century Russia: the central industrial region, London: Longman, 1987. RGADA, fond 294, opis’ 2.

55 RGADA, fond 615. John Bushnell, ‘Did serf owners control serf marriage? Orlov serfs and their neighbours, 1773–1861’, Slavic Review, 52, 3, 1993, pp. 419–45.

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57 Ulozhenie, ch. 11, n. 10.

58 Thousands of certificates were delivered every year: RGADA, fond 615; Bushnell, ‘Serf owners’.

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62 RGADA, fond 615 (‘krepostnye knigi mestnyjh uchrezhdenii XVI–XVIII v’ – ‘register of the deeds of local institutions, sixteenth–eighteenth century’, opis’ 1; fond 294, opis’ 1–3.

63 PSZ, series I, vol. 8, no. 5633. See also Blum, Lord and peasant, pp. 358–62.

64 PSZ, series I, vol. 12, nos. 9332, 9367.

65 François-Xavier, Coquin, La Grande commission législative 1767–1768: les cahiers de doléances urbains, province de Moscou, Paris: Publication de la Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines de Paris-Sorbonne, 1972, pp. 110 and 161–3Google Scholar;

66 Moscow Archives (henceforth TsGIAM), fond 54. See also Wirtschafter, Structures, pp. 71–4.

67 Otchet ministerstvo iustitsii za 1845, St Petersburg, 1846, p. xix.

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71 Hellie, Slavery, pp. 194–8; Russkaia istoricheskaia biblioteka, 17, 1898, pp. 106–7, nn. 298–9.

72 A.K. Leont’ev, Obrazovanie prikaznoi sistemy upravleniia v russkom gosudarstve. Iz istorii sozdaniia tsentralizovannogo gosudarstvennogo apparata v kontse XV–pervoi polovine XVI v. (The formation of a chancellery system in the Russian state: history of the formation of the centralized state, fifteenth–sixteenth century), Moscow: Moskovskii Universitet, 1961, pp. 179–92.

73 TsGIAM, fond 54 (Moskovskoe gubernskoe upravlenie), 1783–1917, opis’ 1: for example, delo 56, 284, 966, 1509. Rossiskie Gosudarstvennoie Imperialskie Arkhivi (Russian Imperial Archives – henceforth RGIA), fond 1149, opis’ 2, delo 20 and delo 44. Gosudarstvennie Arkhivi Rossiskoi Federatsii (State Archives of the Russian Federation – henceforth GARF), fond 109, opis’ 3, delo 1885.

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75 RGIA, fond 1149, opis’ 2, delo 90. See also Wirtschafter, Structures, p. 84.

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80 Law of 1847, in PSZ, series II, vol. 22, no. 20825.

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82 Hoch and Augustine, ‘Tax census’; Moon, Abolition.

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