Why is it important for a speaker to include supporting material in a presentation quizlet?

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202 Multiple choice questions

1. what you want to achieve in your speech, merges your general purpose statement, topic, and audience to identify this goal you want
   1. Speech Parts
   2. Main points
   3. Specific Purpose
   4. Speech Practice
2. fallacy involves misrepresenting a speaker's argument so that little of the original claim remains
   1. Primary Sources
   2. Copyright Laws
   3. Caricature Fallacy
   4. Cause and Effect
3. the question-and-answer session following a group's formal presentation
   1. Forum
   2. Words
   3. Logos
   4. Noise
4. 1. Avoid too much info on a single slide
   2. Choose visual materials carefully, making sure they are relevant to topic
   3. Use visual materials when images will say more than words
   4. Don't use too many images
   5. Balance variety with coherence
   6. Use large lettering
   1. Power of Langue
   2. Speeches of nomination
   3. Basics of Visual Design
   4. Patterns of Organization
5. 1. Empathic--feelings and emotions
   2. Appreciative--enjoyment
   3. Content--information and main points
   4. Critical--evaluation of credibility, ideas, and evidence
   1. Evaluation Criteria
   2. Reasons for Listening
   3. Speeches to entertain
   4. Definitions
6. a word used in place of another word that is viewed as more disagreeable or offensive
   1. Beliefs
   2. Premises
   3. Euphemisms
   4. Thesis
7. pattern allows you to retell events as a story or a series of short stories.
   -This pattern emphasizes the dramatic unfolding of events.
   1. Paraphrasing
   2. Spatial
   3. Fair Use
   4. Narrative
8. 1. Use Presentation software like PowerPoint or Keynote to allow computer users to display info in multimedia slide shows
   2. Use slides sparingly--not too many!
   3. Balance creativity with clarity and predictability with spontaneity
   1. Digital Slide Do's
   2. Visual Language
   3. Types of Sources
   4. Connotative Meanings
9. Four Dimensions:
   1. Competence
   2. Trustworthiness
   3. Dynamism
   4. Sociability
   KEY!!!
   1. Speech Parts
   2. Speaker Credibility
   3. Divided Audience
   4. Manuscript
10. draw the audience to the public speaker
    1. Currency
    2. True
    3. Fair Use
    4. Narratives
11. during this part of the speech, the speaker must get the audience's attention, indicate the purpose and thesis, establish credibility, and preview the main points
    1. Coercion
    2. Introduction
    3. Noise
    4. True
12. this association sets standards of ethical communication for persuasive speakers
    1. Panel Discussion
    2. Evaluation Criteria
    3. National Communication Association
    4. Ethical Communication
13. A process in which the speaker is the channel.
    1. Denotative Meanings
    2. Visual Language
    3. What is Public Speaking?
    4. Negative Audeince
14. during this part of the speech, the speaker's main points and sub points are discussed
    1. Words
    2. Proofs
    3. Body
    4. Pathos
15. a short speech that introduces a person to an audience
    1. Prepare the audience for the main speaker and the occasion
    2. Research the speaker as you would any topic
    3. Make a connection between the main speaker and the audience
    1. Problem Solution
    2. Speeches to inform
    3. Speech of Introduction
    4. Conclusion
16. provides the speaker information about how an audience understands the message based on their responses to the speech
    1. Audience
    2. Language
    3. Feedback
    4. Rhetoric
17. must be clear, relevant, and balanced.
    Organize these in a clear, logical pattern.
    1. Manuscript
    2. Proofs
    3. Environment
    4. Main points
18. pattern allows you to divide your topic into subtopics that address the components, elements, or aspects of the topic.
    -Subtopics become the main points of the speech
    1. Forum
    2. Volume
    3. Spatial
    4. Topical
19. guides the speaker during the initial stages of speech development
    1. Working outline
    2. Positive Audience
    3. Definitions
    4. Power of Langue
20. information that is credible and fits with what other experts have concluded, and the source must be an authority on the topic
    1. Reliability
    2. Parallelism
    3. Examples
    4. Plagiarism
21. The most useful resource for historical information
    1. Body
    2. Volume
    3. Books
    4. Noise
22. Language that is appropriate for your audience
    1. Videoconferencing
    2. Ambiguous Language
    3. Audience Centered Language
    4. Active Language
23. 1. Speeches to inform
    2. Speeches to persuade
    3. Speeches to entertain
    1. Citing Sources
    2. Types of Speeches
    3. Extemporaneous
    4. Group Speeches
24. Phrases or sentences of a similar construction/meaning placed side by side, balancing each other

    Example: "Like father, like son." "Easy come, easy go." "Flying is fast, comfortable, and safe."

    1. Dynamism
    2. Parallelism
    3. Plagiarism
    4. Narrative
25. flow from an individual's standpoint
    1. Proofs
    2. Ethos
    3. Claims
    4. Beliefs
26. provide substance for your speech
    1. Narratives
    2. Examples
    3. Definitions
    4. Testimony
    5. Facts/Stats
    1. Dialogic Ethics
    2. Copyright Laws
    3. Supporting Materials
    4. Citing Sources
27. explain or describe what something is
    1. Transitions
    2. Euphemisms
    3. Persuasion
    4. Definitions
28. used by speakers when they compare two similar objects, processes, concepts, or events and suggest that what holds true for one also holds true for the other
    1. Analogical Reasoning
    2. Connotative Meanings
    3. Ethical Speakers
    4. Fallacies in Reasoning
29. this audience is informed about your topic but split in its views
    1. Demonstrate that you recognize the legitimacy of your arguments for and against the issue
    2. Establish your credibility
    3. Establish common ground among all audience members
    4. Address the objection
    5. Reinforce the position of those who agree with you
    1. Divided Audience
    2. Evidence
    3. Active Language
    4. Uninformed Audience
30. fallacy suggests something is wrong with the speakers character
    1. Appeal to Tradition Fallacy
    2. Guilt by Association Fallacy
    3. Post Hoc Fallacy
    4. Caricature Fallacy
31. during this part of the speech, these are used to move from the intro to the body, from one point to the next, and from the body to the conclusion
    1. Claims
    2. Transitions
    3. Definitions
    4. Oral Citations
32. pattern allows you to divide a topic into subtopics that address its components, elements, or aspects
    1. Topical
    2. Premises
    3. Forum
    4. Beliefs
33. 1. View audience members as partners
    2. Speakers seek to make a connection between what you are saying and to the audience
    3. Analyzing and adapting to the audience is crucial for all types of communicators
    1. Introduction
    2. Audience
    3. Speeches of nomination
    4. Audience-Speaker Connection
34. the fear of speaking in front of an audience
    -begins with uncertainty (7 sources of uncertainty)
    1. Sociability
    2. Speech Parts
    3. Managing Speech Anxiety
    4. Speech Anxiety
35. 1. Know the speech you practice may vary from the speech you give to your audience
    2. Give a version of your speech
    3. Practice your speech in stages
    4. Time your speech
    1. Speeches to inform
    2. Speech Practice
    3. Specific Purpose
    4. Speech Anxiety
36. fallacy that involves concluding that a casual relationship exists simply because one event follows another in time
    1. Post Hoc Fallacy
    2. Loaded Word Fallacy
    3. Psychographics
    4. Red herring Fallacy
37. attempt to describe, explain, or demonstrate something and are designed to increase the audience's knowledge about a topic
    1. Speeches to inform
    2. Speech of Introduction
    3. Persuasion
    4. Specific Purpose
38. others' interpretations or adaptations of primary sources
    1. Narratives
    2. Secondary Sources
    3. General Purpose
    4. Group Speeches
39. pattern allows you to arrange your ideas in a time sequence or trace the history of a topic
    1. Citing Sources
    2. Conclusion
    3. Chronological
    4. Demographics
40. Chronological, spatial, topical or cause-and-effect pattern
    1. Types of Speeches
    2. Speeches on Questions of Fact
    3. Specific Purpose and Thesis
    4. Organizational Patterns for Speeches on Questions of Fact
41. 1. Intro
    2. Body
    3. Transitions
    4. Conclusions
    1. Paper Handouts
    2. Speech Practice
    3. Speech Parts
    4. Oral Report
42. an audience that chooses to attend the event/occasion
    1. Voluntary Audience
    2. Narrative
    3. Vocal Variety
    4. Negative Audeince
43. audience's perception of a speaker's activity level during a presentation
    1. Claims
    2. Dynamism
    3. Ethos
    4. Symposium
44. structures of ordering the main points of your speech (6 of them)
    1. Chronological
    2. Spatial
    3. Topical
    4. Narrative
    5. Cause-and-effect
    6. Problem-Solution

    There is also Monroe's Motivated Sequence

    1. Patterns of Organization
    2. Ethical Communication
    3. Attention Getter
    4. Speech of Introduction
45. This is arbitrary, ambiguous, abstract, and Active
    1. Language
    2. Images
    3. Argument
    4. Volume
46. included in bibliography in APA 6th edition
    1. Problem Solution
    2. Narratives
    3. Written Citations
    4. Persuasion
47. elicit an emotional response from the audience, and improve their ability to recall aspects of your speech
    1. make sure it contributes something truly important to your speech
    2. only 10% of overall speech time
    3. should be treated as an integral part of your speech
    4. Embed within slides
    5. should be unoffensive
    6. Cited
    7. Valid/legitimate
    1. Types of Claims
    2. Video Clips
    3. Thesis
    4. Manuscript
48. 1. Take on the role of the promoter or proponent
    2. Advocate a particular view on a topic
    3. Voice a clear position on a topic
    4. Address three types of questions: fact, value, and policy
    1. Persuasive Speakers
    2. Connotative Meanings
    3. Denotative Meanings
    4. Negative Audeince
49. asks the audience to accept a general claim based on a few cases, or even just one case. Used by speaker when they support a claim with specific instances or examples.
    1. Analogical Reasoning
    2. Outline Formatting
    3. Inductive Reasoning
    4. Negative Audeince
50. begins with audience analysis and creating a speech to achieve their goals as well as your goals
    1. Create an enthusiastic and engaging manner to have your listeners respond the way you expect them to
    2. Involve your audience
    3. Respect the audience's time
    1. Audience Management
    2. Attention Getter
    3. Cause and Effect
    4. Active Language
51. when a person is forced to think a certain way or feels compelled to act under pressure or threat
    1. Currency
    2. Coercion
    3. Books
    4. Ethos
52. 1. False Dilemma
    2. Begging the question
    3. Slippery slope
    4. Ad ignorantiam
    1. Fallacies in Reasoning
    2. Fallacies in responding
    3. Fallacies in Assumptions or Assertions
    4. Speeches on Questions of Value
53. provides a highly detailed description of your ideas and how they are related to one another
    -clearly reflect thinking
    -clearly identifies all pieces of info for the speech, puts ideas in order, and forms the base for developing the presentation outline
    1. Speech Practice
    2. Problem Solution
    3. Captive Audience
    4. Complete Sentence Outline
54. a device used to create interest in your speech during your introduction
    -consider your speech purpose, the amount of time you have to present your intro, creativity, techniques, and presentation media that are related to your topic
    1. Attention Getter
    2. Alliteration
    3. Active Language
    4. Audience
55. used to gather information about your audience's demographics and psychographics
    1. Target Audience
    2. Negative Audeince
    3. General Purpose
    4. Research Questionnaire
56. ask qualitative judgments about something's significance. Addresses individual opinions and cultural beliefs rather than something true or false; timeless issues as well as recent concerns.
    1. Speech Practice
    2. Speeches to inform
    3. Speech Anxiety
    4. Speeches on Questions of Value
57. pattern allows you to show how someone or something has developed or changed over time.
    -Highlight the importance of each step in that development
    1. Claims
    2. Proofs
    3. Rhetoric
    4. Chronological
58. during this part of the speech, the speaker wraps up, reviews the main points, restates the thesis, and provides closure
    1. Claims
    2. Volume
    3. Conclusion
    4. Coercion
59. the supporting materials that provide the foundation of your claims.
    -Logical appeals aka Logos can be the most persuasive type of appeals when presented well
    -Ethos appeals can be highly effective
    -Pathos relies on emotional evidence and stimulation of feelings to influence an audience
    -Mythos appeals rely on the values and beliefs embedded in cultural narratives or stories to influence an audience
    1. Beliefs
    2. Evidence
    3. Models
    4. Fair Use
60. degree to which the audience feels a connection to the speaker
    1. Re-labeling
    2. Testimony
    3. Sociability
    4. Spatial
61. argues from a general principle to a specific instance or case
    1. Active Language
    2. Reasons for Listening
    3. Deductive Reasoning
    4. Fallacies in responding
62. 1. Premises
    2. Conclusions
    1. Sources
    2. Types of Sources
    3. Video Clips
    4. Types of Claims
63. speaker appeals to the audience's credibility or character
    (Think "establish")
    1. Thesis
    2. Ethos
    3. Mythos
    4. Beliefs
64. An expression that has a meaning apart from the meanings of its individual words

    Example: "He's in the dog house." or "Play our cards right"

    1. Images
    2. Idioms
    3. Noise
    4. Models
65. includes the people speakers most want to inform, persuade, or entertain
    (diversity can work as an advantage as well as a disadvantage)
    1. Target Audience
    2. Paraphrasing
    3. Negative Audeince
    4. Captive Audience
66. True or False? You should comment on your speech anxiety
    1. True
    2. Attitude
    3. Idioms
    4. Beliefs
67. helps you adapt your speech to the range of cultural differences represented in your audience
    1. Positive Audience
    2. Captive Audience
    3. Negative Audeince
    4. Analyzing you audience
68. 1. Cite a surprising fact or stat to call attention to your topic
    2. Tell and emotionally arousing but brief human-interest story
    3. Tell a joke
    4. Use the info you have collected about your audience
    5. Ask a question that you want your audience to answer or consider
    1. Speeches of nomination
    2. Preview Main points
    3. Proven Strategies for Attention Getters
    4. Reasons for Listening
69. show you how much you know and what you know about your audience
    1. Active Language
    2. Audience Analysis
    3. Audience Management
    4. Video Clips
70. propose conclusions based on the evidence presented, lay the groundwork for your thesis.
    1. Spatial
    2. Models
    3. Claims
    4. Forum
71. this audience is informed on your topic and holds an unfavorable view of it, so you must...
    1. Establish credibility w/your audience
    2. Take a common-ground approach
    3. Held your audience visualize your topic in positive ways
    4. Prepare for your audience's negative reaction to your position
    1. Target Audience
    2. Webidence
    3. Negative Audeince
    4. Divided Audience
72. Started once your main points are officially presented:
    1. Review main points
    2. Reinforce purpose
    3. Provide closure
    1. Volume
    2. Conclusion
    3. Symposium
    4. Coercion
73. fallacy that occurs when a speaker tries to reduce the choices an audience can make even though other alternatives exist
    1. Caricature Fallacy
    2. False dilemma Fallacy
    3. Ad Ignorantiam Fallacy
    4. Ad Hominem Fallacy
74. the information you access when preparing your speech which should reflect the diversity that you gain when learning/respecting others' viewpoints, should be multiple perspectives of information from these
    1. Sources
    2. Books
    3. Logos
    4. Volume
75. Symbols that trigger meanings that people have in their minds, created by language to challenge your audience to think, reason, contemplate, feel, evaluate, and respond to what you have to say
    1. Words
    2. Books
    3. Proofs
    4. Logos
76. includes all of the external surroundings that may influence a public speaking event
    1. Environment
    2. Testimony
    3. Narratives
    4. Idioms
77. language that gives your speech force and helps your audience picture your ideas:
    1. Similes
    2. Metaphors
    3. Parallelism
    4. Rhymes
    5. Alliteration
    6. Antithesis
    1. Culture
    2. Arbitrary Language
    3. Visual Language
    4. Active Language
78. pattern allows you to describe the physical or directional relationship between objects or places
    1. Spatial
    2. Topical
    3. Narrative
    4. Pathos
79. definitions you find in dictionaries
    1. Presentation Media
    2. Positive Audience
    3. Denotative Meanings
    4. Enthymemes
80. refers to taking someone else's ideas and work and presenting them as your own, whether intentionally or unintentionally
    1. Narratives
    2. Examples
    3. Parallelism
    4. Plagiarism
81. speak your words clearly and pronounce them correctly, if you do poorly on this your audience may not understand you and may question your credibility
    1. Persuasion
    2. Articulation
    3. Alliteration
    4. Occasion
82. Shared values, beliefs, and activities within a group or society
    -learned through communication with family, friends, neighbors, the media, and other social institutions
    1. Mythos
    2. Culture
    3. Forum
    4. Pathos
83. provides a framework for understanding the relationship between communication and ethics as it provides principles for facilitating ethical communication in public speaking contexts
    1. Articulation
    2. Images
    3. Dialogic Ethics
    4. Antithesis
84. a speech that is personally meaningful, presents accurate info, and presents info clearly that is easy to follow
    1. Informative Speech
    2. Negative Audeince
    3. Coherent Speech
    4. Narratives
85. 1. Impromptu
    2. Extemporaneous
    3. Manuscript
    4. Memorized
    1. Primary Sources
    2. Four Delivery Methods
    3. Informative Speech
    4. Definitions
86. occur when the evidence used to support a claim is irrelevant, inaccurate, or insufficient:
    1. Red Herring
    2. Comparative Evidence
    3. Ad Populum
    4. Appeal to Tradition
    1. Positive Audience
    2. Cause and Effect
    3. Evidence
    4. Fallacies in Evidence
87. speakers should provide these brief references to their sources during their speeches when including information

    1. Tell the audience who authored or published a piece of information
    2. cite the source of the material

    1. Oral Citations
    2. Oral Report
    3. Occasion
    4. Articulation
88. the explicit and implicit rules for how members of a culture should behave
    1. Plagiarism
    2. Pathos
    3. Cultural Norms
    4. Citing Sources
89. 1. Words have multiple meanings
    2. Denotative meanings refer to formal meaning (what is found in dictionaries)
    3. Connotative meanings are based on people's experiences
    4. Individuals have their own meanings for words and the concepts those words stand for
    1. Volume
    2. Audience Analysis
    3. Ambiguous Language
    4. Active Language
90. Composed of 5 steps that encourage speakers to focus on audience outcomes while organizing ideas:
    *1. Attention
    2. Need
    3. Satisfaction
    4. Visualization
    5. Action*
    (Al Needed Stuff Very Abruptly")
    1. Negative Audeince
    2. Monroe's Motivated Sequence
    3. Analyzing you audience
    4. Connotative Meanings
91. serves as a standard of behavior
    1. Claims
    2. Value
    3. Volume
    4. Pathos
92. Three important elements: noise, context, and environment
    1. Chronological
    2. Transitions
    3. Transactional Model
    4. Attitude
93. pattern allows you to link points together based on physical relationships
    1. Topical
    2. Feedback
    3. Claims
    4. Spatial
94. this audience is informed about your topic but is not interested in it, so you must...
    1. Gain their attention and pique their interest
    2. Show how the topic impacts them
    3. Show your audience how much you care about the topic through your energy and dynamism
    4. Take a one-sided approach to the topic
    1. Analyzing you audience
    2. Specific Purpose
    3. Evidence
    4. Apathetic Audience
95. the rational appeals based on logic, facts, and analysis
    (Think "logic")
    1. Volume
    2. Logos
    3. Noise
    4. True
96. gives reasoning to support a conclusion
    1. Claims
    2. Premises
    3. True
    4. Examples
97. 1. There is no direct connection between a word and what it represent, different groups of people have different words that stand for the same things (Pop, soda, coke)
    2. There is no direct link between the object that led to your thought, and the words you choose to express that thought
    3. There is no direct link between the object itself and the words you choose
    1. Voluntary Audience
    2. Ambiguous Language
    3. Arbitrary Language
    4. Primary Sources
98. fallacy that occurs when speakers use stats or compare numbers in ways that mislead the audience and misrepresent the evidence included to support the argument
    1. Positive Audience
    2. Comparative Evidence Fallacy
    3. Loaded Word Fallacy
    4. Fallacies in Evidence
99. demonstrates how to do something special on the web immediately
    1. Deductive Reasoning
    2. Active Language
    3. Real-time web access
    4. Positive Audience
100. involves putting a source's information into your own words in order to capture the essence of the information
     1. Paraphrasing
     2. Transitions
     3. Narrative
     4. Narratives
101. Special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand
     1. Argument
     2. Forum
     3. Jargon
     4. Value
102. fallacies that involve errors in how the speaker links the evidence and the claims
     1. Division
     2. Hasty Generalization
     3. Post Hoc
     4. Weak Analogy
     1. Paraphrasing
     2. Deductive Reasoning
     3. Outline Formatting
     4. Fallacies in Reasoning
103. 1. Brainstorm
     2. Consider your interests/what you know
     3. Consider the audience
     4. Consider the resources available
     5. Consider time
     6. Consider the setting
     1. Topic Development
     2. Evidence
     3. Topical
     4. Audience Management
104. fallacy where speakers imply the truth of the conclusion in the premise or simply assert the validity of the conclusion is self-evident
     1. Hasty Generalization Fallacy
     2. Slippery Slope Fallacy
     3. Begging the Question Fallacy
     4. Guilt by Association Fallacy
105. speech that focuses on the qualifications or accomplishments of a particular person
     1. the nominator should be asked to present the nomination speech
     2. The nominator must have accurate, concise, and compelling info about the nominee
     1. Speeches of nomination
     2. Speech of Introduction
     3. Speech Practice
     4. Speaker Credibility
106. 1. Books
     2. Journal, magazine, newspaper
     3. Reference works
     4. Nonprint resources/Internet Resources
     1. Target Audience
     2. Dialogic Ethics
     3. Types of Sources
     4. Video Clips
107. speech expected after an individual is recognized, honored, or awarded
     1. A presenter of an acceptance speech should be thankful and humble
     2. Listeners expect comments made when accepting an award to be brief and to the point
     3. Provide a context for an award by describing activities that led to the award, or tell a story related to the occasion
     1. Target Audience
     2. Occasion
     3. Acceptance Speech
     4. Coherent Speech
108. the differences in cultural backgrounds and practices around the world
     1. Reliability
     2. Sociability
     3. Cultural Diversity
     4. Claims
109. express the authors' original ideas or findings
     1. Main points
     2. Primary Sources
     3. Sources
     4. Images
110. fallacy that results when two things have important dissimilarities that make the comparison inaccurate and the analogy faulty.
     1. Weak Analogy Fallacy
     2. Appeal to Tradition Fallacy
     3. Working outline
     4. Ad Populum Fallacy
111. lets the audience know that the ideas being stated did not originate with/from you
     1. Group Speeches
     2. Citing Sources
     3. Working outline
     4. Chronological
112. an audience that feels/is obligated to attend the event/occasion
     1. Negative Audeince
     2. Apathetic Audience
     3. Captive Audience
     4. Audience
113. the influence of first impressions on later perceptions
     1. Transitions
     2. Coercion
     3. Primacy Effect
     4. Primary Sources
114. 1. One Primary focus that is highlighted
     2. About objects and places
     3. About People or other living creatures
     4. About Process
     5. About events, can highlight specific personal occurrences
     6. About ideas and concepts that can be extensive and complex
     1. Informative Speech
     2. Types of Speeches
     3. Types of Informative Speeches
     4. Effective Informative Speech
115. information that is up to date
     1. Culture
     2. Images
     3. Value
     4. Currency
116. this audience is informed about your topic and has a favorable view of your position, so you must...
     1. Rely on narratives to elaborate on your points
     2. Incorporate engaging evidence that further reinforces the audience's commitment to the topic
     3. Use vivid language and images to heighten your audience's enthusiasm for your topic
     4. Rally your audience to take advantage
     1. Positive Audience
     2. Target Audience
     3. Voluntary Audience
     4. Primacy Effect
117. speaker appeals to cultural beliefs and values
     (Think "My beliefs")
     1. Models
     2. Mythos
     3. Words
     4. Symposium
118. should reflect your general purpose, should clarify your topic for your audience, make it meaningful, express the main idea accurately and pique the audience's interest
     1. Ethical Speakers
     2. General Purpose
     3. Specific Purpose and Thesis
     4. Listening Components
119. Asks whether something is true or false, the speaker tries to persuade an audience that something did or didn't occur, or that one event caused another.
     Addresses:
     1. What is observed or known
     2. How the observations were made
     3. Whether new observations have changed what people once thought of as fact.
     Must provide sound, credible evidence such as facts/stats
     1. Speeches on Questions of Fact
     2. Speeches to entertain
     3. Begging the Question Fallacy
     4. Speeches to persuade
120. seek to provide enjoyment to the audience
     1. Speeches to entertain
     2. Speaker Credibility
     3. Ethnocentrism
     4. Speeches to inform
121. requires little or no preparation
     -General conversation is an example
     -Flexible and completely spontaneous
     1. Impromptu
     2. Mythos
     3. Models
     4. Sources
122. Problem-Solution, Problem-Cause-Solution, Monroe's Motivated Sequence
     1. National Communication Association
     2. Organizational Patterns for Speeches on Questions of Policy
     3. Organizational Patterns for Speeches on Questions of Fact
     4. Begging the Question Fallacy
123. these types of speeches usually involves interacting within the group and speaking on those outside of the group
     1. Group Speeches
     2. Evidence
     3. Euphemisms
     4. Audience
124. fallacy that uses emotionally laden words to distract from the speaker's argument and evaluate claims based on misleading emotional response rather than the evidence
     1. Cause and Effect
     2. Loaded Word Fallacy
     3. Red herring Fallacy
     4. Division Fallacy
125. Utilize...
     -Roman Numerals
     -Capital Letters
     -Arabic Numbers (provide guidance for formatting your complete sentence outline)

     List...
     -Topic
     -General purpose
     -Specific purpose
     -Thesis

     1. Speech Practice
     2. Working outline
     3. Outline Formatting
     4. Inductive Reasoning
126. 1. Managing this well reduces speech anxiety
     2. Dress for the occasion
     3. Display appropriate facial expressions (adjust these according to the content of speech)
     4. maintain good posture
     5. Move with purpose and spontaneity
     6. Avoid Physical barriers
     1. Oral Report
     2. Body management
     3. Images
     4. Body
127. the belief that our cultural view of the world is superior to anyone else's cultural view

     must be avoided in communication situations
     -Influences our evaluations of other speakers' competence and credibility
     -can prevent us from questioning societal and cultural practices that promo discrimination against people

     1. Rhetoric
     2. Plagiarism
     3. Ethnocentrism
     4. Extemporaneous
128. provides support for persuasive speakers' positions on questions of fact, value, or policy.
     Forms the foundation of persuasion, makes a claim and supports it with evidence and reasoning
     1. Beliefs
     2. Logos
     3. Sources
     4. Argument
129. these speakers do not attempt to deceive or manipulate the audience
     1. Effective Informative Speech
     2. Denotative Meanings
     3. Ethical Persuasive Speakers
     4. Digital Design Tips
130. Form of topic development
     1. Generate as many ideas as possible
     2. Write down every idea--whatever comes to mind
     3. Avoid evaluation your ideas
     4. Be as creative and imaginative as possible
     1. Reasoning
     2. Transitions
     3. Brainstorming
     4. Environment
131. a report in which one member of a group presents the group's findings
     1. Oral Report
     2. Re-labeling
     3. Validity
     4. Images
132. can be very effective in some instances, but it is almost always best to wait to distribute these until after your speech (instead of before or during)
     1. Main points
     2. Paper Handouts
     3. Speech Anxiety
     4. Extemporaneous
133. Fallacies that occur when listeners make errors in argument when critiquing a speaker's arguments
     1. Ad hominem
     2. Guilt by Association
     3. Caricature
     4. Loaded Word
     1. Analogical Reasoning
     2. Inductive Reasoning
     3. Videoconferencing
     4. Fallacies in responding
134. authored by Aristotle in which he emphasized the importance of adapting speeches to specific situations and audiences

     audience-centered communication

     1. Rhetoric
     2. Forum
     3. Reasoning
     4. Topical
135. fallacy that plays on popular attitudes without offering any supporting materials
     1. Ad Hominem Fallacy
     2. Ad Populum Fallacy
     3. Caricature Fallacy
     4. Topical
136. information that can be tested by examining the author's conclusions
     1. Validity
     2. Attitude
     3. Plagiarism
     4. Sociability
137. typically used when making a logical appeal
     1. Cause and Effect
     2. Main points
     3. Facts and Statistics
     4. Audience Analysis
138. 1. Language is constantly evolving
     2. New inventions create new words
     3. Specific events change the meanings of words
     4. Communicators continually alter the meanings of words
     1. Visual Language
     2. Active Language
     3. Culture
     4. Power of Langue
139. fallacy that argues that the status quo or current state of things is better than any new idea or approach
     1. Division Fallacy
     2. Guilt by Association Fallacy
     3. Appeal to Tradition Fallacy
     4. Loaded Word Fallacy
140. gives your speech a sense of immediency that static digital images can not achieve
     1. Noise
     2. Webidence
     3. Premises
     4. Testimony
141. summarizes the plan for achieving the specific purpose
     1. Value
     2. Beliefs
     3. Topical
     4. Thesis
142. 1. Transmission
     2. Interactional
     3. Transactional
     1. Models of Human Communication
     2. Types of Claims
     3. Power of Langue
     4. Paper Handouts
143. assume the audience will figure our the premise or conclusion on their own, invites audience participation as they mentally fill in the missing parts of the argument
     1. Images
     2. Enthymemes
     3. Examples
     4. Antithesis
144. allows exact composition of the language you wish you use for your speech, but is more difficult to maintain connection with the audience through this method as you are reading off a script
     1. Manuscript
     2. Images
     3. Audience
     4. Narrative
145. fallacy that suggests that because a claim has not been shown false, it must be true
     1. Ad Ignorantiam Fallacy
     2. Hasty Generalization Fallacy
     3. Weak Analogy Fallacy
     4. Slippery Slope Fallacy
146. posits that an individual's level of anxiety increases when they face an uncertain or unfamiliar situation
     1. Begging the Question Fallacy
     2. Digital Design Tips
     3. Attention Getter
     4. Uncertainty Reduction Theory
147. usually indicates the reason for the speech
     1. Sociability
     2. Occasion
     3. Conclusion
     4. Jargon
148. the overall goal of the speech (speaker should only focus on one type of this and always keep this in mind)
     1. Oral Report
     2. Cultural Norms
     3. Parallelism
     4. General Purpose
149. 1. Reliability
     2. Validity
     3. Currency
     1. Attention Getter
     2. Validity
     3. Audience
     4. Evaluation Criteria
150. Individuals that have gathered in a semi-public setting
     (plaza, theater, stadium) (Radio, TV and internet have this)
     1. Argument
     2. Idioms
     3. Currency
     4. Audience
151. Information about the audience's standpoints, values, beliefs, and attitudes
     1. Symposium
     2. Psychographics
     3. Plagiarism
     4. Rhetoric
152. Fallacy that occurs when a claim is rejected based on the speaker's character rather than the evidence
     1. Caricature Fallacy
     2. Ad Ignorantiam Fallacy
     3. Ad Hominem Fallacy
     4. Ad Populum Fallacy
153. pattern allows you to rely on the ideas of one action leading to or bringing about another action
     1. Paper Handouts
     2. Audience Management
     3. Target Audience
     4. Cause and Effect
154. pattern allows you to show how an action produces a specific outcome
     1. Captive Audience
     2. Active Language
     3. Enthymemes
     4. Cause and Effect
155. a small group presentation in which individuals at multiple physical locations interact in real time orally and visually, using video and high speed computer technology
     1. Videoconferencing
     2. Deductive Reasoning
     3. Evidence
     4. Demographics
156. useful for describing and explaining topics that involve a physical structure
     1. Topical
     2. Models
     3. Proofs
     4. Sources
157. fallacy that is created when the speaker presents evidence that has nothing to do with the claim
     1. Red herring Fallacy
     2. Weak Analogy Fallacy
     3. Re-labeling
     4. Audience Analysis
158. the preview in the introduction of what will be said in the body of the speech that are eventually reviewed in the conclusion
     1. Video Clips
     2. Persuasion
     3. Primary Sources
     4. Preview Main points
159. Studied in Aristotle's book "Rhetoric", defined as the types of support a speaker uses for a specific audience and occasion:
     1. Logos
     2. Pathos
     3. Ethos
     (4. Mythos)
     1. Pathos
     2. Proofs
     3. Mythos
     4. Words
160. make ideas more concrete and personalize the topic
     1. True
     2. Fair Use
     3. Examples
     4. Volume
161. 1. Hearing
     2. Understanding
     3. Remembering
     4. Interpret
     5. Evaluating
     6. Responding
     1. Listening Components
     2. Testimony
     3. Argument
     4. Main points
162. a presentation format in which each member of a group presents a speech about a part of a larger topic
     1. Body
     2. Reasoning
     3. Symposium
     4. Mythos
163. 1. Avoid Expressing personal views
     2. Keep your speech at the level of information sharing
     3. Describe, explain, or demonstrate something without telling the audience what to think, or what to do about it
     4. Establish a context, connect audience to topic

     Inform to educate

     1. Effective Informative Speech
     2. Deductive Reasoning
     3. Inductive Reasoning
     4. Ethical Persuasive Speakers
164. A balancing of two opposite or contrasting words, phrases, or clauses.

     Example: "Patience is bitter, but it has sweet fruit." or "Speech is silver, but silence is golden."

     1. Thesis
     2. Audience
     3. Enthymemes
     4. Antithesis
165. speech that honors people for something they have done, who they were, where they have been, or where they are headed
     1. Emphasize emotion in an appropriate manner
     2. Inspire the audience, as well as praise the person being honored
     1. Cause and Effect
     2. Ambiguous Language
     3. Tributes and Eulogies
     4. Citing Sources
166. 1. Don't use dramatic digital transitions
     2. Avoid relying on text or numbers alone
     3. Limit the number of bullet points per slide
     4. Limit the number of words for each bullet
     5. Make the font large and clean
     6. Use the same digital transitions for each slide
     7. Use colors that produce high contrast between the font and the background
     1. Vocal Variety
     2. Dialogic Ethics
     3. Digital Slide Don'ts
     4. Digital Design Tips
167. allows you to use limited portions of an author's work as long as the source of the information is credited
     1. Forum
     2. Fair Use
     3. Ethos
     4. Proofs
168. these speakers support freedom of expression, appreciate diversity of perspectives, and tolerate opposing viewpoints
     1. Primacy Effect
     2. Secondary Sources
     3. Ethical Speakers
     4. Vocal Variety
169. the audience is unfamiliar with your topic and has no opinion about it, so you must...
     1. Motivate your audience to want to learn more about the topic
     2. Demonstrate your expertise on the topic and fairness in addressing all perspectives
     3. Use repetition and redundancy to reinforce your points
     4. Keep your persuasion subtle
     1. Apathetic Audience
     2. Outline Formatting
     3. Uninformed Audience
     4. Target Audience
170. Repetition of the same consonant sounds

     Example: "A big bully beats a baby boy."

     1. Narrative
     2. Occasion
     3. Transitions
     4. Alliteration
171. rests in its ability to create images in the minds of listeners
     1. Copyright Laws
     2. Types of Claims
     3. Power of Langue
     4. Speech Parts
172. how a person feels about something
     1. Narrative
     2. Audience
     3. Attitude
     4. Volume
173. Technical and material resources that can enhance your speech, can become a core feature of your speech--it encompasses more than just learning technical procedures. There must be a valid reason for including this.
     1. Preview Main points
     2. Definitions
     3. Transitions
     4. Presentation Media
174. any interference in the understanding of a message, internal to the speaker or external
     1. Noise
     2. True
     3. Topical
     4. Books
175. fit this to your topic to evoke emotion in the audience
     1. Conclusion
     2. Vocal Variety
     3. Speech Anxiety
     4. Oral Report
176. Characteristics such as age, sex, income, location, education, and religion
     -used to identify their target audience
     1. Logos
     2. Mythos
     3. Demographics
     4. Sources
177. pattern allows you to attempt to convince your audience members that a specific dilemma is there or a problem requires a particular course of action or solution, must demonstrate that the proposed solution will address the issue described and can be implemented
     1. Problem Solution
     2. Panel Discussion
     3. Conclusion
     4. Video Clips
178. provides the bridge between the claim and the evidence
     1. Jargon
     2. Spatial
     3. Re-labeling
     4. Reasoning
179. 1. Chronological
     2. Spatial
     3. Topical
     4. Narrative
     6. Cause and Effect
     1. Transactional Model
     2. Hasty Generalization Fallacy
     3. Connotative Meanings
     4. Informative Organizational Patterns
180. achieved when speakers connect ideas with transitions--you should use transitions when moving between points and to connect your conclusion
     1. Copyright Laws
     2. Coherent Speech
     3. Informative Speech
     4. Types of Speeches
181. speaker appeals to the audience's emotions
     (Think "passion")
     1. Spatial
     2. Models
     3. Pathos
     4. Images
182. Jargon
     Idioms
     Euphemisms
     Slang
     Cliches
     1. Paraphrasing
     2. Language to Avoid
     3. Citing Sources
     4. Language
183. fallacy that occurs when the speaker makes a claim after offering only one or two examples, or the examples offered do not represent the larger group
     1. False dilemma Fallacy
     2. Hasty Generalization Fallacy
     3. Ad Ignorantiam Fallacy
     4. Weak Analogy Fallacy
184. Asks what course of action should be taken or how a problem should be solved, may reflect current controversies or less continuous topics and range from general to specific. Addresses a wide range of issues at personal, group, institutional, societal, and cultural levels and call for individualized responses. Include a call to action
     1. Speeches on Questions of Fact
     2. Speech of Introduction
     3. Red herring Fallacy
     4. Speeches of Questions of Policy
185. Chronological, Spatial, or Topical
     1. Organizational Patterns for Speeches of Questions of Value
     2. Begging the Question Fallacy
     3. Organizational Patterns for Speeches on Questions of Policy
     4. Speeches on Questions of Value
186. 1. Visualization
     2. Re-labeling
     3. Relaxation
     4. Planning/Preparation
     5. Actions taken on the day prior to speech delivery/ during the speech
     1. Main points
     2. Vocal Variety
     3. Group Speeches
     4. Managing Speech Anxiety
187. created by language to inform, persuade, and entertain audience members
     1. True
     2. Value
     3. Images
     4. Premises
188. requires careful research, organization, and rehearsal before delivery
     -Provides maximized connection with your audience, and the chance of achieving your purpose
     -Form of delivery we use in our class
     1. Models
     2. Extemporaneous
     3. Images
     4. Paper Handouts
189. can be greatly effective if used for small speeches, or for sections of your speech, such as the introduction or key transitions
     1. Sources
     2. Forum
     3. Memorized
     4. Premises
190. you assign positive words or phrases to the physical and emotional reactions associated with speech anxiety
     1. Antithesis
     2. Images
     3. Testimony
     4. Re-labeling
191. Speak loudly enough, audience members should not have to strain to hear you
     1. Words
     2. Forum
     3. Logos
     4. Volume
192. relies on an individual's opinion or experiences related to a particular topic
     1. Ethos
     2. Webidence
     3. Mythos
     4. Testimony
193. a discussion in which expert participants discuss a topic in an impromptu format without an audience present
     1. Audience Analysis
     2. Paper Handouts
     3. Round Table Discussion
     4. Conclusion
194. protect original published and unpublished works (includes visual and audio materials too)
     1. Premises
     2. Spatial
     3. Copyright Laws
     4. Logos
195. fallacy in which an error in deductive reasoning in which the speakers assume that what's true of the whole is also true of the parts making up the whole
     1. Topical
     2. Division Fallacy
     3. Evidence
     4. Webidence
196. personal associations individuals have with a particular word
     1. Positive Audience
     2. Connotative Meanings
     3. Narratives
     4. Videoconferencing
197. embodies the concept of success, relies on: language, images, and other means of communication to influence people's attitudes, beliefs, values, or actions
     1. Persuasion
     2. Plagiarism
     3. Definitions
     4. Reasoning
198. Addresses the moral dimensions of speaking and listening
     1. Articulation
     2. Ethical Communication
     3. Digital Design Tips
     4. Alliteration
199. attempt to reinforce or change the audience's beliefs, attitudes, opinions, values, and behaviors
     1. Specific Purpose
     2. Types of Sources
     3. Speeches to persuade
     4. Persuasive Speakers
200. 1. Slides shouldn't be a distraction from topic
     2. Slides should not be more prominent than you, the speaker
     3. There should not be a lot of slides
     1. Digital Slide Don'ts
     2. Dialogic Ethics
     3. Visual Language
     4. Divided Audience
201. occurs when the speaker says that one event will necessarily lead to another without showing any logical connection between the two
     1. Speech Practice
     2. Slippery Slope Fallacy
     3. False dilemma Fallacy
     4. Guilt by Association Fallacy
202. a discussion in which a moderator asks questions of experts on a topic in front of an audience
     1. Antithesis
     2. Panel Discussion
     3. Premises
     4. Oral Citations

Why is it important to include supporting materials in your speech quizlet?

Why is it helpful to use a variety of support materials quizlet?

Why is it extremely important to use supporting evidence that is directly related to the main points in a speech?

What were the supporting materials used by the speaker in the speech enumerate all of it?