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Terms in this set (41)Ethics is the study of: Proper action Chantelle is studying how teenage mothers interact with their toddlers. She pays them $250 to allow her to tape their interactions for two hours. Why is this approach problematic? Researchers must take care to ensure that they do not exert undue influence when recruiting research participants. The amount of money Chantelle is offering may put undue pressure on mothers who may be struggling financially. Research ethics involves: Coming to a consensus regarding appropriate conduct in research Why did the Milgram obedience study bring the questionable treatment of human participants to the forefront? They endured constant harassment because their names were made public. They experienced shame and embarassment for having behaved inhumaneky toward others; His study participants were instructed to use electric shocks to punish other individuals when they made errors during a learning task (but no shocks were actually given). No physical harm sustained. The National Research Act mandates that: Federal funding for stem cells research is prohibited. Protection of human participants is upheld What 3 basic principles regarding the protection of human subjects are identified in the Belmont Report? 1) Principle of respect (autonomy) for persons requires that individuals should consent to participate in studies 2)Principle of beneficence requires that the researcher maximize possible benefits to participants, minimize risks to participants, and not harm the participants 3) Principle of justice requires fairness in procedures for selecting participants. According to the APA Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (APA 2002, 2010), what characterizes informed consent? Is necessary only if experimental treatments will be used in the study. Informed consent should be obtained using reasonably understood language; Exceptions are activities not needing consent. What is one solution to the dilemma of clinical equipoise? Compare treatments with animal subjects but not with human subjects. Compare treatments when there is uncertainty about which treatment is best; The basic concept of clinical equipoise is that clinicians have an ethical responsibility to provide the best possible treatment for their patients. However, many research studies evaluate and compare different treatment options by randomly assigning patients to different treatments. Conducting studies that compare only equally preferred treatments, such as when a researcher has honest uncertainty about which treatment is best. True or False: Active Deception Application Trey, who tells study participants the experiment focuses on eye functioning, when in fact it is on sexual attraction True
True or False: Active Deception Application Bonnie, who doesn't tell the study participants that they're being videotaped while they perform a memory task False; Passive Deception True or False: Active Deception Application Sergei, who places a microphone in the laboratory without informing the study participants and asks them to repeat words on a screen False; Passive Deception True or False: Active Deception Application Mila, who secretly watches the behaviour of study participants while they play video games with violent content False; Passive Deception In a study involving deception, which APA Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct principle is most compromised? Privacy and
confidentiality Informed consent; In any study involving deception, the principle of informed consent is compromised because participants are not given complete and accurate information. In these situations, a researcher has a special responsibility to safeguard the participants. What are the 7 basic IRB criteria? Minimization
of Risk to Participants, What is 1 basic IRB criteria for studies involving human subjects? Reasonable Risk in Relation to Benefits Reasonable Risk in Relation to Benefits Which research proposal would most likely be classified as a Category I (Exempt Review) proposal by the IRB? - If the research presents no possible risk to adult participants. Which research proposal would most likely be classified as a Category II (Expedited Review) proposal by the IRB? - Classroom research projects Which research proposal would most likely be classified as a Category III (Full Review) proposal by the IRB? - Used for proposals that include questionable elements In the context of a research study, how does error differ from fraud? An error is an honest mistake. How did Milgram's Obedience Study disobeyed the principle of respect? His participants didn't know that they were in an experiment on obediences How did the Tuskegee study disobeyed the principle of respect? Their participants weren't informed that there was an effective treatment for their disease How did Milgram's Obedience Study disobeyed the principle of beneficence? His participants experienced personal distress How did Tuskegee study disobeyed the principle of beneficence? Their participants experienced physical harm. It was too vile that in 1997, Former US Pres. Bill Clinton apologized to survivors and family members for the US govt.'s role in the research study 65 years later How did Tuskegee study disobeyed the principle of justice? Everyone could benefit from understanding syphilis. However, only poor, African-American males were used as participants. Thus, it unduly bore the burden of risk What kind of research was the focus for the most of the early attempts to establish ethical research guidelines? Psychological research with animal objects Medical research with humans Which principle of the Belmont Report corresponds to the guidelines of "No Harm"? Respect Beneficence If a researcher explains what will happen in a research study using language that potential participants probably can't understand, then what ethical guideline is being violated? Confidentiality Informed consent True or False: IRB's responsibility They decide whether the process for selecting participants is fair and equitable True True or False: IRB's responsibility They decide whether it's necessary to have a signed informed consent form for each participant True True or False: IRB's responsibility They decide whether the privacy and confidentially of participants is protected True The guidelines for nonhuman subjects in research are similar to the guidelines for human participants but also include extra provisions concerning what additional topic(s)? Housing All of the above IRB or IACUC: Guess which committee is responsible for it Review of research proposals IRB and IACUC IRB or IACUC: Guess which committee is responsible for it Minimizing risk of harm to those participating in research IRB and IACUC IRB or IACUC: Guess which committee is responsible for it Insuring informed consent IRB IRB or IACUC: Guess which committee is responsible for it Insuring that researchers are qualified IRB and IACUC True or False: In the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Only psychologists who are the principle investigators of a study may handle animals False True or False: In the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Psychologists must perform animal surgical procedures under appropriate anesthesia True; They should also follow techniques to avoid infection and minimize pain during and after surgery True or False: In the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Psychologists must not terminate the life of an animal for the sole purpose of benefitting a study False True or False: In the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Psychologists must not conflict any type of distress/discomfort upon an animal False The US Dept. of Agriculture's requirements for the use of non humans in research can be found in the _________________________________ Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals Institutions that conduct research with animals have an animal-use review board called an _________________________________ Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Other sets by this creatorS1/BIOL 1000: Cell Membranes and Membrane Transport18 terms br0wnb0ba SimUText Quiz: L19 terms br0wnb0ba Chapter 12.220 terms br0wnb0ba Chapter 1274 terms br0wnb0ba Other Quizlet setsAP2 CH 1476 terms bri4n22 Psych 330 Exam 247 terms katie_neary6 Fisiologi integumen34 terms chelssi16 absolutism and enlightenment27 terms Rachel_Blennau What is human participation in research?A human participant in research is a living individual about whom a researcher obtains (1) data through intervention or interaction or (2) identifiable private information.
What is one major reason that researchers use nonhumans as subjects?However, the most important reason why animals are used is that it would be wrong to deliberately expose human beings to health risks in order to observe the course of a disease. Animals are needed in research to develop drugs and medical procedures to treat diseases.
What name is given to the group of individuals from which researchers actually select participants for research studies group of answer choices?A sample is a subset of individuals from a larger population. Sampling means selecting the group that you will actually collect data from in your research. For example, if you are researching the opinions of students in your university, you could survey a sample of 100 students.
Which of the following is one of the basic principles of research involving human participants?Three basic principles, among those generally accepted in our cultural tradition, are particularly relevant to the ethics of research involving human participants: the principles of respect of persons, beneficence and justice.
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Humans who participate in a research study are properly called research subjects Quizlet
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