Research has found that both men and women who increased in hostility as they developed from university age to about age 40 experienced all of the following EXCEPT Show
A) obesity. B) social isolation. C) increased time spent in jail. D) greater risk of depression. C) increased time spent in jail. One study reported in the textbook found that the _______ of women in their university yearbook photos predicted their marital satisfaction and personal well-being 30 years later. A) hair style B) clothes C) weight D) facial expression D) facial expression In a cross-sectional study of personality stability over time, which of the following was concluded? A) Both men and women were less emotionally stable after age 20. B) Both men and women were more emotionally stable after age 20. C) Men, but not women, were more emotionally stable after age 30. D) Women, but not men, were more emotionally stable after age 30. D) Women, but not men, were more emotionally stable after age 30. Caring for the mental and physical well-being of one's parents, continuing the family line, and bringing honour to one's family and ancestors is referred to as _________ in Chinese. A) amae B) Tai Chi C) filial piety D) family obligation C) filial piety A meta-analytic study of personality traits suggests that two studies measuring the same traits in the same people will have the highest correlation if A) both tests are conducted while the individuals are relatively young. B) one set of tests are conducted while the individuals are young and one set when they over 50. C) the two procedures are done many years apart. D) the two procedures are done quite close together in time. D) the two procedures are done quite close together in time. All of the following are findings from research attempting to identify universals in personality EXCEPT A) questionnaire measures of the Five-Factor Model reliably replicate across many cultures and languages. B) Openness does not vary significantly from culture to culture. C) in some cultures more than five factors are needed to fully describe personality. D) adjectival measures of the Big Five reveal variations of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness, but not Openness in many different cultures. B) Openness does not vary significantly from culture to culture. When psychologists ask the question, How much do people change in general? they are discussing ______________ change. A) personal B) idiopathic C) normative D) average C) normative Research suggests that men who marry or remarry in late middle age or old age also show signs of a decrease in ______________ with age. A) Neuroticism B) Angst C) Introversion D) Agreeableness A) Neuroticism Studies of university students suggest that A) those who had experienced significant decreases in negative emotions had experienced fewer negative events. B) those who had increases in positive emotions also experienced more negative events and learned from their experiences. C) those who had experienced significant increases in negative emotions had experienced fewer positive events. D) there is no connection between negative events and negative emotions. A) those who had experienced significant decreases in negative emotions had experienced fewer negative events. Jadranka is a beautiful woman. Seema is an average looking woman. According to the research on first impressions of personality, Jadranka's personality traits tend to be judged more accurately than Seema's. Which of the following is the possible reason for this? A) Jadranka's facial features reflect her personality traits. B) People tend to pay closer attention to Jadranka. C) Attractive women tend to be outgoing. D) Attractive women have distinctive personality traits. B) People tend to pay closer attention to Jadranka. You want to actually observe people as they move through life. Your research project will gather information about the personality of individuals over several years. You will be conducting _____________ research. A) experimental B) behavioural C) cross-sectional D) longitudinal D) longitudinal Yumi is psychologically overly dependent on her mother. Which of the following personality traits describes relationships between parents and children in Japan? A) Mamimamo B) Pakikisama C) Fility D) Amae D) Amae Cheung developed the Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory (CPAI) by using a sort of lexical approach to identifying descriptions of Chinese personality. This research led to the identification of 10 trait clusters unique to the Chinese personality and not covered by Western personality inventories. All of the following are among these 10 unique Chinese traits EXCEPT A) Ren Qing (traditional relationship orientation emphasizing give and take and connectedness). B) Ah-Q or defensive mentality. C) Ten Dai (careful, thriftiness). D) Face (reputation, social approval). C) Ten Dai (careful, thriftiness). Research suggests that all of the following traits increase over time EXCEPT A) Conscientiousness. B) Introversion. C) Emotional Stability. D) Agreeableness. B) Introversion. Which of the following statements is true with regard to consistency of personality traits across the life-span? A) Adults are less consistent than teens. B) Teens are more consistent than adults. C) Children are more consistent than teens. D) Adults are more consistent than children. D) Adults are more consistent than children. One research study reported in the textbook found that people who blog tend to be higher in __________ and openness than nonbloggers. A) Psychoticism B) Anxiety C) Extraversion D) Neuroticism D) Neuroticism Which of the following examples illustrates the personality trait called "philotimo"? A) Steve is polite, generous, and funny. B) Mary is aggressive, pushy, and forceful, C) Mike is outgoing, friendly, and playful. D) Jessica is interdependent, relationship oriented, and considerate. A) Steve is polite, generous, and funny. Freud believed that an individual's personality was set by age A) 1. B) 5. C) 12. D) 16. B) 5. Ji-Yea started a blog in which she shared useful information with the readers. She tends to use negative emotion words. Which of the following personality traits is she most likely to possess? A) low in Agreeableness B) low in Conscientiousness C) high in Extraversion D) low in Openness B) low in Conscientiousness A longitudinal study of male veterans aged 43 to 91 found that those who became more neurotic over time showed about a ________ in mortality over men whose level of neuroticism decreased. A) 10% decrease B) 10% increase C) 30% decrease D) 30% increase D) 30% increase In considering the actions of world leaders, the data from the longitudinal study of Harvard graduates would suggest that the decisions made past the age of 50 are more likely to be characterized by______________ than before. A) altruism B) aggression C) avoidance D) fear A) altruism What does the textbook suggest about the nature of life-altering major experiences? A) There is no real evidence that they exist. B) Life-altering events that produce a major change in one's life are very common. C) The impact of such events is real, but overblown. D) Negative life-altering events occur fairly regularly, but positive ones have very little long-term impact. C) The impact of such events is real, but overblown. Research has shown that Francophones were higher in Psychoticism than Anglophones, while Anglophones scored higher than Francophones on Conservatism. Which of the following is the reason for these differences in their personality traits? A) Differences in cognitive styles B) Differences in political orientations C) Differences in cultural influences D) Differences in emotional styles C) Differences in cultural influences You are helping conduct personality research by counting bottles and cans in garbage containers to measure alcohol consumption. What type of data are you gathering? A) Life data B) Observational data C) Test data D) Self-report data A) Life data The textbook defines __________ as the ability of individuals to stand outside their immediate sense of time and place to view life from a larger A) self actualization B) Nirvana C) religiosity D) spiritual transcendence D) spiritual transcendence There are four kinds of data that a personality psychologist might collect. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as such in the textbook? A) Self-report data B) Test data C) Genetic data D) Observation data C) Genetic data When Cheung factor analyzed responses on questionnaires designed for Chinese society, he found six factors: five from the five-factor model plus an indigenous personality factor he called A) interpersonal relatedness. B) obligation. C) somatic anxiety. D) fearful extroversion. A) interpersonal relatedness. In analyzing the data of the longitudinal study of Harvard graduates begun in 1938, psychiatrist George Vaillant discovered that as people matured their defense mechanisms A) stayed the same as when they were younger. B) deteriorated. C) also matured. D) became significantly more obvious. C) also matured. According to one study presented in the textbook, the overall consistency in all five personality factors across 81 studies suggests that about ___% of the variance in one's personality at one point in time can be explained by one's personality at another point in time. A) 5 B) 15 C) 30 D) 50 C) 30 According to the meta-analysis of 92 longitudinal studies by Roberts, et al., which of the following conclusion is FALSE? A) All six traits studied showed changes after the age of 30. B) Young adulthood (20-24) rather than adolescence appears to be the period in life when personality changes most. C) Another critical period for personality change is the years after retirement from a significant job. D) Except for openness and social vitality, all of the other traits became more positive with age. C) Another critical period for personality change is the years after retirement from a significant job. In a study using meta-analysis on 117 previous studies to look at the correlation between personality traits and success among police officers, managers, and professionals, only __________ was related to high performance ratings, productivity, low job turnover, and higher salaries. A) low Neuroticism B) high Conscientiousness C) low Anxiousness D) high Extraversion B) high Conscientiousness Many studies suggest that the five factors start to become consistent at about age ___ and increase consistency until after age ____. A) 1; 25 B) 3; 35 C) 3; 50 D) 12; 65 C) 3; 50 Because the Openness factor does not appear consistently in other languages, it may be that this is a problem with A) research design. B) cultural sensitivity in the researchers. C) how different cultures define Openness in their particular language. D) the types of statistical analysis being used in the studies. C) how different cultures define Openness in their particular language. In the Harvard longitudinal study of personality, which variable was a good indicator of poor adjustment across various domains? A) Aggression B) Low intelligence C) Neuroticism D) Introversion C) Neuroticism In developmental research, changes that affect nearly everybody are referred to as _______________ changes. A) mean-level B) coherent C) baseline D) median A) mean-level Rubinstein and Strul, in a study of Israeli workers, found that artists and lawyers were the highest
in A) Neuroticism. B) Openness. C) Psychoticism. D) Introversion. A) Neuroticism. There is evidence of individual differences in how people perceive and process information about the social world. Some psychologists refer to this as _____________ intelligence. A) perceptual B) emotional C) interpersonal D) social B) emotional The longitudinal study of a child from birth to 18 years old showed that children described as confident tended to score ______ on scales of __________ at age 18. A) low; aggression B) high; danger seeking C) low; dominance D) high; impulsivity D) high; impulsivity Contemporary
personality psychologists tend to believe that if an individual has personality problems that persist until age 30, A) they will be stuck with these or similar problems for the rest of their life. B) they will continue to have a hard time, but if they engage in therapy or similar life changing work they may be able to overcome their problems. C) there is no connection between personality at age 30 and at age 50 so we have no way of predicting if these or similar difficulties will remain. D) the problems could lessen or get worse depending on events because personality is consistent, but not unchanging. It can change as it is affected by events and environments. D) the problems could lessen or get worse depending on events because personality is consistent, but not unchanging. It can change as it is affected by events and environments. Data from the
Harvard longitudinal study of personality suggests that if one had used personality variables measured in university to predict the accomplishments of these individuals, those predictions would have been A) no better than flipping a coin. B) quite accurate. C) almost the opposite of the result. D) unknown. There was no data in the study that could be used for such predictions. B) quite accurate. McAdams suggests that trait models fall short when it comes to all of the following EXCEPT A) adequately describing the richness of a person's life. B) accounting for personality functioning and personality differences between people beyond the surface level. C) predicting adult personality from observations of childhood personality. D) addressing the social context of human experience. C) predicting adult personality from observations of childhood personality In your research, you are looking at the type of music listened to by your participants. Your hypotheses include the suggestion that individuals who prefer blues, folk, classical, and jazz music will score high on which personality factors? A) Neuroticism B) Openness C) Agreeableness D) Conscientiousness
B) Openness When Schmitt and Buss factor-analyzed adjectives referring to sexuality, they found several factors that they referred to as the A) Amorous Eight. B) Sexy Seven. C) Erotic Seven. D) Lascivious Nine. B) Sexy Seven. Peak consistency for personality is around age A) 65. B) 50. C) 35. D) 20. B) 50. A statistical procedure used to look at personality effects by combining the data from many different studies is known as ____________ analysis. A) multi factorial B) meta- C) combinatorial D) factor B) meta- In the research
correlating music preference with personality traits, people high on _____________ were more likely to engage with music in an emotional way to use it to change their mood. A) Neuroticism B) Extraversion C) Openness D) Optimism A) Neuroticism The textbook suggests that women who continue to smoke marijuana into midlife, or people who continue to engage in stealing
or fighting into midlife are exhibiting A) increases in Neuroticism. B) irregular changes. C) the effects of brain damage. D) non-normative development. D) non-normative development. Perhaps the most famous longitudinal study of personality is the Grant Study of ________ Graduates begun in 1938. A) Mills B) Harvard C) Terman D) Wisconsin B) Harvard Which of the following statements is FALSE about personality traits across the life-span? A) Personality is less consistent than income. B) Personality is about as consistent as cognitive ability. C) Blood pressure is less consistent than personality. D) Income is less consistent than personality. A) Personality is less consistent than income. For your thesis, you have decided to use multiple methods within a single research project. You are using a process referred to in the textbook as A) multi phasic. B) triangulation. C) compound. D) LOTS. B) triangulation. Research on the personality traits associated with
successful astronauts suggests that the two most highly correlated traits were A) low Psychoticism and high Extraversion. B) high Conscientiousness and high Agreeableness. C) low Conscientiousness and high Agreeableness. D) high Neuroticism and high Extraversion. B) high Conscientiousness and high Agreeableness. During a job interview, Katie shook hands with an
employer. The employer noticed that she made eye contact and had a firm handshake. Which of the following personality traits is she most likely to have? A) High level of Neuroticism B) High level of Extraversion C) Low level of Openness D) High level of Agreeableness B) High level of Extraversion Which of the following is most true? A) Neither cross-sectional nor longitudinal studies suggest that personality changes much after age 25. B) Cross-sectional studies show changes in personality over time, but longitudinal studies do not. C) Longitudinal studies show changes in personality over time, but cross-sectional studies do not. D) Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies show similar and consistent personality changes over time. D) Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies show similar and consistent personality changes over time. The results of the Harvard longitudinal study of personality found that __________ in young adulthood drove career and monetary success, whereas _____________ was related to adjustment and the inability to quit smoking in adulthood. A) Extraversion; Psychoticism B) Intelligence; Introversion C) Openness; Neuroticism D) Extraversion; Neuroticism D) Extraversion; Neuroticism Ken has a high level of emotional intelligence. According to research on emotional intelligence and personality traits, which of the following personality traits is he most likely to possess? A) Agreeableness B) Extraversion C) Conscientiousness D) Openness B) Extraversion When an underlying personality trait stays the same but the way it is expressed changes, it is called personality ____________ by psychologists. A) stability B) stasis C) coherence D) consistency C) coherence It is generally accepted in the field that children have differing ____________, or individual
differences, that emerge during the first year of life. A) temperaments B) personalities C) phenotypes D) egos A) temperaments Schmitt and Buss discovered that sexuality factors overlap by almost ___% with the five factors, suggesting that they ________ separate factors. A) 80; are not B) 60; are not C) 45; are D) 30; are A) 80; are not William James believed that by age 30 our character A) was almost completely established and would change little in the future. B) was just beginning to firm up. C) had been stable for a decade or so, and was now beginning to change. D) was very changeable as it is throughout one's life span. A) was almost completely established and would change little in the future. Cheung developed the Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory (CPAI) by using a sort of lexical approach to identifying descriptions of Chinese personality. This research led to the identification of 10 trait clusters unique to the Chinese personality and not covered by Western personality inventories. All of the following are among these 10 unique Chinese traits EXCEPT A) Ren Qing (traditional relationship orientation emphasizing give and take and connectedness). B) Ah-Q or defensive mentality. C) Ten Dai (careful, thriftiness). D) Face (reputation, social approval). C) Ten Dai (careful, thriftiness). During a job interview, Katie shook hands with an employer. The employer noticed that she made eye contact and had a firm handshake. Which of the
following personality traits is she most likely to have? A) High level of Neuroticism B) High level of Extraversion C) Low level of Openness D) High level of Agreeableness B) High level of Extraversion When psychologists ask the question, How much do people change in general? they are discussing ______________ change. A) personal B) idiopathic C) normative D) average C) normative According to the meta-analysis of 92 longitudinal studies by Roberts, et al., which of the following conclusion is FALSE? A) All six traits studied showed changes after the age of 30. B) Young adulthood (20-24) rather than adolescence appears to be the period in life when personality changes most. C) Another critical period for personality change is the years after retirement from a significant job. D) Except for openness and social vitality, all of the other traits became more positive with age. C) Another critical period for personality change is the years after retirement from a significant job. Which of the following examples illustrates the personality trait called "philotimo"? A) Steve is polite, generous, and funny. B) Mary is aggressive, pushy, and forceful, C) Mike is outgoing, friendly, and playful. D) Jessica is interdependent, relationship oriented, and considerate. A) Steve is polite, generous, and funny. In analyzing the data of the longitudinal study of Harvard graduates begun in 1938, psychiatrist George Vaillant discovered that as people matured their
defense mechanisms A) stayed the same as when they were younger. B) deteriorated. C) also matured. D) became significantly more obvious. C) also matured. In a cross-sectional study of personality stability over time, which of the following was concluded? A) Both men and women were less emotionally stable after age 20. B) Both men and women were more emotionally stable after age 20. C) Men, but not women, were more emotionally stable after age 30. D) Women, but not men, were more emotionally stable after age 30. D) Women, but not men, were more emotionally stable after age 30. It is generally accepted in the field that children have differing ____________, or individual differences, that emerge during the first year of
life. A) temperaments B) personalities C) phenotypes D) egos A) temperaments What has research found about the stability of traits over ones lifetime?What has research found about the stability of traits over one's lifetime? Personality stability is lowest in young children. Personality stability is highest in adults over 50. Age-related personality changes may have a biological basis.
At what time of life does personality tend to change the most quizlet?Personality traits continue to change across the life course and change most in young adulthood. Most of the change is positive until old-old age. Although there are small gains in adolescence and early young adulthood, these increases are countered by declines in openness to experience in midlife and old age.
Which of the following summarizes the Big Five theory of personality?Abstract. The five-factor model of personality is a hierarchical organization of personality traits in terms of five basic dimensions: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience.
Which of the following assessment tools explores individuals personalities by asking them to examine a series of ink blots and describe what they see in the ink blot?The Rorschach test, used in conjunction with other diagnostic tools, is a projective measure for identifying a person's state of mind and various personality traits. The inkblots have up to 300 different reported interpretations for each blot.
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Research on the development of personality traits across the life span has revealed that Quizlet
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