For doctors: For dentists:
For optometrists:
For midwives:
For nurse practitioners:
PBS prescription forms for PBS prescribers are supplied free of charge. The inclusion of the prescriber number on a PBS prescription enables the pharmacist to be sure the prescription is from a legitimate prescriber and satisfies State/Territory legislation. A PBS prescription written by a dentist, an optometrist, a midwife or a nurse practitioner must include the person's approval number as a PBS prescriber. PBS prescriptions should be provided to the patient in duplicate, as both parts make up a valid PBS prescription. The patient should be reminded to present both the original and the duplicate copy to the pharmacist. PBS stationery order formsPrescribers are asked not to over order. Getting the right amount of forms helps to reduce the cost to taxpayers and helps to reduce paper wastage. Also, the pads may deteriorate if stored over time. The completed order form should be posted to: Prescription Pad Order Clerk Preparing general PBS prescriptionsDo's and Don't'sA PBS prescription is only valid when it is written by a doctor, a dentist, an optometrist, a midwife or a nurse practitioner. The PBS prescription must be for the treatment of the person named on the PBS prescription. A PBS prescription may only be written for the treatment of one person. A prescriber cannot write more than one PBS prescription for the same pharmaceutical benefit for the same person on the same day. Up to three pharmaceutical benefit items may be included on a single PBS prescription form except for Authority required, Authority required (STREAMLINED) items and optometrist items. These items must be written on individual forms. Pharmaceutical benefits and non-pharmaceutical benefits should not be listed together on the one PBS prescription form. If an item has a particular manner of administration it may not, as a pharmaceutical benefit, be administered in any other way, e.g., an ophthalmic preparation may not be prescribed for topical use. If an item is restricted, and the use for the patient is different from the use specified in the restriction, it cannot be prescribed as a pharmaceutical benefit. The prescriber should write the prescription as a non-PBS private prescription. If a standard PBS prescription form is used for this purpose the 'PBS/RPBS' text must be clearly struck out. It should also be endorsed 'non-PBS'. Prescribers must heed State/Territory laws when prescribing drugs listed as narcotic, specified or restricted in the poisons legislation of the particular State or Territory. Legislative requirements in some States/Territories are such that prescribers may be required to prescribe a drug of addiction on a separate PBS prescription. Prescribers must ensure that prescriptions written under the PBS fall within the limits of the prescribing approval granted to the person under State or Territory requirements. It is the prescriber's responsibility to ensure that PBS prescriptions comply with all aspects of his/her prescriber approval. Inclusion of a PBS medicine for prescribing does NOT confer approval for a particular prescriber to prescribe that medicine if it is not authorised to be prescribed in a particular State or Territory A PBS prescriber cannot prescribe a narcotic drug for him/herself. Prescribers are issued with individual PBS prescription pads by Services Australia for their own use — these pads should not be used by other prescribers. Doctors should, and dentists and optometrists, midwives and nurse practitioners are required to, include their prescriber number on non-personalised PBS prescriptions. The following admixtures are not pharmaceutical benefits:
Writing the PBS prescriptionThe following rules apply for writing PBS prescriptions:
RestrictionsPharmaceutical benefits listed in the Schedule fall into three broad categories: Unrestricted benefits - have no restrictions on their therapeutic uses; Restricted benefits - can only be prescribed for specific therapeutic uses (noted as Restricted benefit); and Authority required benefits - Authority required benefits fall into two categories:
Authority PBS prescriptionsAuthority required benefits fall into two categories - Authority required and Authority required (STREAMLINED). All PBS prescribers (with the exception of dentists) can write authority PBS prescriptions. Authority PBS prescriptions cannot have retrospective approval.
Authority required PBS PrescriptionsApproval of authority PBS prescriptions by Chief Executive may be sought by:
Approval of authority prescriptions by the DVA may be obtained either by posting an Authority Prescription Form to the DVA, or by using the DVA Authority Freecall service (1800 552 580). An authority PBS/RPBS prescription is not valid until it has been approved by Services Australia or the DVA. Without this approval, a pharmacist must not supply the item as a PBS/RPBS benefit. Each Authority required PBS/RPBS item must be written on an Authority PBS/RPBS prescription form, one item per form. Authority PBS prescription forms provide for the following:
Authority required (STREAMLINED) PBS PrescriptionsPrior approval is not required from Services Australia or DVA to prescribe an Authority required (STREAMLINED) item (except where increased quantities and/or repeats are required). Instead the authority prescription form must include a four digit streamlined authority code. This code is listed with the corresponding restriction for each Authority required (STREAMLINED) item and the prescriber must write the code on the authority PBS/RPBS prescription form. An authority prescription for an Authority required (STREAMLINED) item is not valid unless the code is included on the prescription form. Without the streamlined authority code, a pharmacist must not supply the item as a PBS benefit. There are no Authority Required (STREAMLINED) items in the Repatriation Schedule of Pharmaceutical Benefits. Authority required (STREAMLINED) PBS prescriptions must be written on an Authority PBS/RPBS Prescription Form, this includes:
Writing authority PBS prescriptionsThe following rules apply:
Posted applications which lack necessary information, and therefore cannot be approved, will be returned for correction. If the matter can be clarified via telephone, an Authority to Prescribe Form may be prepared by Services Australia or the DVA and sent to the prescriber. In the case of authority PBS prescriptions approved by telephone, the approval number must be included on the PBS prescription to enable the pharmacist to supply the medication. A prescriber who is granted approval but decides not to continue with the therapy should advise Services Australia. In the case of Authority required (STREAMLINED) prescriptions, the streamlined authority code must be written on the PBS/RPBS prescription form. This enables the pharmacist to supply the medication as a PBS benefit. Maximum quantities and repeatsThe maximum quantity and number of repeats allowed for PBS items are recommended by the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC). In the case of RPBS items, the recommendations are made by the Repatriation Pharmaceutical Reference Committee (RPRC). There are no repeats included in PBS listings for items for prescribing by dentists. PBS prescriptions and repeats can be for any quantity up to the maximum. It is not necessary to prescribe the maximum quantity if a lesser quantity is sufficient for the patient's needs. Please clearly indicate the number of tablets, capsules, etc. required and the number of repeats needed, and do not use abbreviations such as 'Max. Qty', 'M.Q.', or 'M.R.'. If a prescriber feels the maximum quantity or number of repeats should be increased for a particular patient, he or she must complete an Authority PBS Prescription Form (see procedures above under 'Authority PBS Prescriptions'). The provision of increased quantities and repeats on authority PBS prescriptions is intended to provide approximately one month's therapy which may be repeated (if clinically appropriate) to provide 6 months' therapy in total. This situation usually arises where higher than normal dosages are required. Approval for increased quantities and repeats of Authority required, Authority required (STREAMLINED) and Restricted benefit PBS items will be granted only where the reason for the PBS prescription is consistent with the indications published in the Schedule. Approval for increased quantities and repeats extends only to the provision of a pharmaceutical benefit for the patient and does not imply approval of any aspects of the patient's care, which are the responsibility of the treating prescriber. Regulation 49Under regulation 49 (previously referred to as regulation 24), original and repeat supplies of pharmaceutical benefits can be supplied at the one time if a medical practitioner, a midwife or a nurse practitioner is first satisfied that certain conditions apply, then endorses the PBS prescription ‘one supply'. RPBS prescriptions may be endorsed 'hardship conditions apply'. The medical practitioner, midwife or nurse practitioner must first be satisfied all the following conditions apply:
Regulation 49 does not apply for supply of pharmaceutical benefits on optometrist or dentist prescriptions. Urgent casesIn urgent cases and where State/Territory law allows, a prescriber may telephone a pharmacist and ask that a PBS prescription be supplied. He/she must then forward the written PBS prescription and duplicate to the pharmacist within seven days of the date of supply. This also applies to 'Authority required' authority PBS prescriptions provided prior approval has been given by Services Australia or DVA. The follow-up written PBS prescription must include the approval number provided over the phone by Services Australia or DVA. Drugs of addictionPrescribers must heed State/Territory laws when prescribing drugs listed as narcotic, specified or restricted and must notify, or receive approval from, the appropriate health authority. When a PBS/RPBS authority application is for a drug of addiction (other than dexamphetamine sulfate), the following guidelines apply:
Prescribers should also state the interval of repeat where repeats are called for, and ensure State/Territory health authorities are notified about ongoing treatment. Prescriber bag suppliesCertain pharmaceutical benefits are provided without charge to prescribers who in turn can supply them free to patients for immediate administration or emergency use. A drug or a pharmaceutical benefit (as a particular form of a drug), may be available for general prescribing and prescriber bag supply, or via prescriber bag provisions only (ie. not for prescribing as a general pharmaceutical benefit). Prescriber bag items are listed according to the PBS prescribers who may obtain and supply them, and may be listed for one or more PBS prescriber types. To obtain supplies, a prescriber bag supply order form must be completed in triplicate, signed, and the original and duplicate given to a pharmacist. Each form is valid for the month indicated on the form. Prescribers may order up to the maximum quantity of an item provided they do not already have the maximum quantity on hand. No more than the maximum quantity can be obtained in a calendar month. Prescribers may order a particular brand of a pharmaceutical benefit. A change to specify another listed brand must be initialled by the prescriber. A receipt must be signed by the prescriber, or by an authorised representative, when supplies are received. Prescriber Bag Supply Order Forms can be requested from the Services Australia (132 290). Improving the capacity of the PBS to meet particular Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health needsThe PBS includes listings to support the treatment of conditions common in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health settings. These listings are specifically for your patients who identify as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander persons. Some listings will be medicines recently added to the PBS; others may contain specific restrictions for existing PBS items. A significant proportion of the higher levels of illness experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders may be addressed through better access to appropriate medicines. The PBS aims to provide greater choice in therapeutic options and to address:
How to prescribe these items?These items are available as "Authority PBS prescriptions". You should obtain approval from Services Australia before prescribing these items for patients who identify as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander persons through the Authority Freecall service [1800 888 333], on line or by mail. All PBS prescribers except dentists can write Authority PBS prescriptions and your patients will be required to pay their normal PBS co-payment. Special arrangements apply in remote area Aboriginal Health Services for supplying these PBS items. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander identificationEstablishing a client's background may have clinical significance and should be part of routine medical history taking. In the case of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, this is also relevant to establish eligibility for services such as health checks, specific immunisation programs, and the some PBS items. Improving the level of identification of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people will also assist in developing initiatives to meet particular needs. For the purposes of these PBS items a person is Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander if the person identifies himself or herself as being an Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander. Clients should be asked to self-identify either verbally or by completing a form.
Asking about Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander identificationPractitioners should ensure that each person attending their practice has the opportunity to identify if they are Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. An environment which maintains confidentiality and provides an explanation for this question if requested will assist this process.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander healthMajor causes of excess mortality in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are:
Causes of morbidity vary but include the risk factors and precursors of all of these. They also include infections of the respiratory system, the ears (in particular, chronic suppurative otitis media), the eyes (trachoma in some settings), the skin and the gastrointestinal system. End-stage renal disease is a major cause of hospitalisations, and much early renal disease remains undetected. In some settings, sexually transmissible infections are common. Living environments affect health and may be compromised by overcrowding, limited access to clean water and sanitation, and poverty. Social and family life may be negatively influenced by an excessive burden of care for family members, by substance use and sometimes by family violence. Communication and cultural issuesAboriginal cultures are numerous and diverse in language, customs, non-verbal and verbal communication, geographical locations and experiences. Torres Strait Islanders are a separate people with a distinctly different culture and identity. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people often perceive health differently from other Australians. For Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' health does not just entail the freedom of the individual from sickness but requires support for healthy and interdependent relationships between families, communities, land, sea and spirit. The focus must be on spiritual, cultural, emotional and social well-being as well as physical health Source: National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Council. National Strategic Framework for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health 2003-2013, Context. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia; 2004. To provide effective primary health care to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients, you need to be aware of the issues surrounding this diversity, and which may have an impact on the delivery of services.
The differences between the cultural and language backgrounds of health service providers and patients, whether urban, rural or remote, may range from minor to extreme. You should:
For more information, Which is an example of a good communication techniques when communicating with an elderly patient?Talk slowly and clearly in a normal tone. Shouting or speaking in a raised voice actually distorts language sounds and can give the impression of anger. Avoid using a high-pitched voice; it is hard to hear. Face the person directly, at eye level, so that he or she can lip-read or pick up visual clues.
How can you open up dialogue with your patient to get complete and accurate information?There are Several Techniques You can Utilize to get Your Patients to Open Up About Their Health. Practice Good Communication Skills. ... . Utilize a Basic Outreach Question. ... . Encourage Patient Engagement. ... . Ask Open-Ended Questions. ... . Enlist Help.. Which is part of the six strategies for achieving openness when communicating with patients?Pharmacists can achieve openness by applying six strategies with patients (listen, acknowledge, wonder) and themselves and professional colleagues (recognize, question, reflect). Conclusion: Patients want to be heard and seen as individuals with unique experiences and responses to medications.
How can you open up dialogue with your patient to get complete and accurate information quizlet?Ms. Belton is a new patient at the pharmacy. To get the most accurate information and open up dialogue, which verbal communication strategy should you use?. Ask open-ended questions.. Ask closed-ended questions.. Speak in a professional tone.. Maintain eye contact while speaking.. |