Difference between psychoanalytic and humanistic approachSigmud Freud in the psychoanalytic theory viewed human nature in a negative and pessimisticmanner while the humanistic approach is more optimistic about the same. There are differencesin thought about the influence of the immediate society to a individual’s personality development(Lahey, 2009). The psychoanalytic defines the human personality in terms of Id, Ego and theSuper ego. The Id is regarded as the evil inside part of a man it interacts with the with thepleasure principle solely and it is not fully connected to reality. The humanistic approachhowever focuses on the potentiality of a man rather not the evilness.The Humanistic approach doesn’t claim that we have no control over our development (Comer etal, 2013). It states that by trying to fulfill certain needs through motivation a personality isachieved. The psychoanalysts claimed that motivation comes from the urge of the id which isusually sexual in nature. Show
There is no clear explanation of how personality develops in both approaches. Psychoanalytictheorists suggest that development occurs in a series between infancy and adulthood due topsychosexual development, the basic driving force of the id,where sexual energy moves frombody part to body part (Siegelman &Rider, 2012) the humanists view personality as developmentthroughout the life until they reach a point of self actualization is achieved (Tay & Diener, 2011). Newly uploaded documentsPsychodynamic and humanistic perspectives have been remarkably essential in understanding behavior. Psychodynamic perspective focuses on the influence of unconscious psychological processes while humanistic perspective investigates the impact of our free will, the importance of personal worth, and the centrality of human values. The following discussions further delve into their distinctions.  What is Psychodynamic Perspective?The psychodynamic perspective pertains to the therapeutic approach and theories developed by Sigmund Freud (the founder of psychoanalysis) and supported by his followers. The neo-Freudians agreed with the fundamental principles of the psychoanalytic theory such as the influence of the unconscious and childhood experiences. However, they disagreed with some of his concepts; generally, they deemphasized the role of sex and acknowledged the impact of social environment. Some of the neo-Freudians are the following:
Adler, an Austrian psychiatrist, developed “Individual Psychology”. He was initially a part of Freud’s inner circle of colleagues. However, Adler disagreed with Freud’s emphasis on sexual and aggressive urges. He believed that individuals are driven by feelings of inferiority in childhood and that they should be studied as a whole.
Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist, developed “Analytical Psychology”. He had a close friendship with Freud but it ended due to their differing concepts. Jung described Freud’s theory of the unconscious as incomplete and too pessimistic. For example, Jung suggested the existence of the “collective unconscious” which is transpersonal and deeper. However, Freud dismissed such concepts as being irrational.
Horney (“horn-eye”), a German psychoanalyst, is credited for her feminist psychology. She disagreed with the concept of “penis envy” ( Freud explained that young girls experience anxiety when they realize that they do not have a penis). Horney then explained that men go through “womb envy” (men are actually envious of women’s capability to bear children). She also believed that neurosis is attributed to the basic anxiety which stem from interpersonal relationships. The core assumptions of the psychodynamic perspective are the following (Bornstein, 2020):
The psychodynamic perspective explains that our psychological processes our largely unconscious. For instance, we are not consciously aware of most of our feelings, motives, memories, and other mental activities.
Psychodynamic theorists view childhood experiences, including those that occur during the first weeks of life as crucial in shaping personality. For instance, not experiencing sufficient care from a primary caregiver can negatively affect one’s behavior, even decades later.
The psychodynamic perspective suggests that behavior is caused by certain biological and psychological processes. Hence, every thought, feeling, or motive does not just happen by chance; everything has a meaning. For instance, dreams are not merely meaningless images or stories, they may say something about your desires, fears, past, etc. What is Humanistic PerspectiveThe humanistic perspective emphasizes free will, empathy, self-actualization, holistic approach, and the goodness of each human being. It is also known as the “third force”, it arose in the 1950s in response to psychoanalytic and behavioral perspectives which are described as too deterministic. For instance, it sees the psychodynamic perspective as having too much focus on the unconscious. It also sees behaviorism as having too much emphasis on reinforcement, punishment, and animal research. Humanistic psychologists include Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, and Fritz Perls. The following are humanism’s basic assumptions (McLeod, 2020):
Humans have the capacity to choose how they will respond to stimuli. For instance, we can choose to be happy despite challenging situations.
Good intentions are the driving force of behavior; however, individuals may deviate from their innate goodness when facing adverse situations. We can then change for the better and will ourselves to overcome challenges.
People continuously seek to achieve growth, satisfaction, and fulfillment.
Instead of focusing on the unconscious, rewards and punishments, thinking, or the human brain, we should look into how people interpret events, each individual’s unique understanding of the world.
As compared to laboratory experiments and surveys, the use of diary accounts, open-ended questionnaires, in-depth and unstructured interviews and observations are more productive in studying behavior. Humans can be better understood by genuinely talking with them, being open, and empathetic.
Humanism views studies on animals as insignificant since they do not tell us much about how humans feel, think, and experience events. Difference between Psychodynamic Perspective and Humanistic PerspectiveDefinitionThe psychodynamic perspective pertains to the therapeutic approach and theories developed by Sigmund Freud (the founder of psychoanalysis) and supported by his followers. It emphasizes the influence of the unconscious and childhood experiences in shaping one’s behavior. In comparison, the humanistic perspective emphasizes free will, empathy, potential, holistic approach, and the goodness of each human being. It is also known as the “third force”, it arose in response to both psychoanalytic and behavioral perspectives which are described as too deterministic. Core AssumptionsThe core assumptions of psychodynamic perspective are: primacy of the unconscious, importance of early experiences, and psychic causality (Bornstein, 2020). On the other hand, the basic assumptions of humanistic perspective are: people have free will, humans are innately good, we are motivated to self-actualize, conscious subjective experiences are more important, qualitative methods over quantitative methods, and rejection of comparative psychology (McLeod, 2020). PsychologistsThe neo-Freudians advanced the psychodynamic perspective which was based on Freud’s psychoanalysis. They include Adler, Jung, Horney, and Erikson. As for the humanistic psychologists, they include Maslow, Rogers, and Perls. Psychodynamic Perspective vs Humanistic PerspectiveSummary
Jean Brown is a Registered Psychologist, licensed professional teacher, and a freelance academic and creative writer. She has been teaching social science courses both in the undergrad and graduate levels. Jean has also been a research adviser and panel member in a number of psychology and special education paper presentations. Her certifications include TESOL (Tampa, Florida), Psychiatric Ward Practicum Certification, and Marker of Diploma Courses. Loading... Cite What are the similarities between humanistic and psychoanalytic?Although both theories differ in many important ways, they are also highly similar to one another. The Psychoanalytic and Humanistic theories both have very individualistic themes. They both place the individual at the center of their theories.
What is the difference between humanistic and psychoanalytic approaches?Differences between the two approaches
Firstly, the psychoanalytic theory states that human nature is viewed in a very negative and pessimistic manner whilst the humanistic approach is more optimistic about human nature.
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What are the similarities and differences between psychoanalytic and humanistic approaches to psychotherapy?
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