A normal breathing rate for an adult at rest is 8 to 16 breaths per minute. For an infant, a normal rate is up to 44 breaths per minute. Show
Tachypnea is the term that your health care provider uses to describe your breathing if it is too fast, especially if you have fast, shallow breathing from a lung disease or other medical cause. The term hyperventilation is usually used if you are taking rapid, deep breaths. This can be due to lung disease or because of anxiety or panic. The terms are sometimes used interchangeably. Shallow, rapid breathing has many possible medical causes, including:
Rapid, shallow breathing should not be treated at home. It is generally considered a medical emergency (unless anxiety is the only cause). If you have asthma or COPD, use your inhaler or nebulizer medicines as prescribed by your provider. You may still need to be checked by a provider right away if you have rapid shallow breathing. Your provider will explain when it is important to go to the emergency room. Call 911 or the local emergency number, or go to the emergency room if you are breathing rapidly and you have:
The provider will do a thorough exam of your heart, lungs, abdomen, and head and neck. Tests that may be ordered include:
Treatment will depend on the underlying cause of the rapid breathing. Treatment may include oxygen if your oxygen level is too low. If you are having an asthma or a COPD attack, you'll receive treatment to stop the attack. Many times, this evaluation will need to be done in an emergency room setting. Tachypnea; Breathing - rapid and shallow; Fast shallow breathing; Respiratory rate - rapid and shallow Kraft M. Approach to the patient with respiratory disease. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 77. McGee S. Respiratory rate and abnormal breathing patterns. In: McGee S, ed. Evidence-Based Physical Diagnosis. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 19. Updated by: Denis Hadjiliadis, MD, MHS, Paul F. Harron, Jr. Associate Professor of Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
Contents loading... Editors loading... Categories loading... When refering to evidence in academic writing, you should always try to reference the primary (original) source. That is usually the journal article where the information was first stated. In most cases Physiopedia articles are a secondary source and so should not be used as references. Physiopedia articles are best used to find the original sources of information (see the references list at the bottom of the article). If you believe that this Physiopedia article is the primary source for the information you are refering to, you can use the button below to access a related citation statement. Introduction[edit | edit source] Respiratory rate (RR) is a non–invasive and useful assessment tool and abnormalities in respiratory rate have been shown to indicate patient deterioration and should be managed accordingly.[1] Respiration is a vital process for humans, supplying oxygen to the mitochondria for ATP production (our bodies energy currency). The main byproduct of this process, carbon dioxide which goes through a process to finally be exhaled form our lungs. The respiratory rate, i.e., the number of breaths per minute, is highly regulated to enable cells to produce the optimum amount of energy at any given occasion.
Image 1: Animation of a diaphragm exhaling and inhaling Norms - Respiratory Rates[edit | edit source]RR is measured by counting the number of breaths a person takes in a one-minute period. The rate should be measured at rest, not after someone has been up and walking about.
Recent evidence suggests that an adult with a respiratory rate of over 20 breaths/minute is probably unwell, and an adult with a respiratory rate of over 24 breaths/minute is likely to be critically ill.[3] Best Practice Procedure[edit | edit source]Points to remember:
Importance[edit | edit source]Changes and anomalies in RR are not simply associated with respiratory conditions, they are a good indicator that a patient is struggling to maintain homeostasis. Respiratory rate is an early, extremely good indicator of physiological conditions such as hypoxia (low levels of oxygen in the cells), hypercapnia (high levels of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream), metabolic and respiratory acidosis. Conditions in altered RR include:
Image 2: Researchers at University College London have developed new algorithms that make it possible to use low-cost thermal cameras attached to mobile phones to track how fast a person is breathing. This type of mobile thermal imaging could be used for monitoring breathing problems in elderly people living alone, people suspected of having sleep apnea or babies at risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Terminology[edit | edit source]Terms to describe abnormal respiratory rate include:
References[edit | edit source]
What is increase in depth of breathing?Some of the public describe tachypnea as any rapid breathing. Hyperventilation is then described as increased ventilation of the alveoli (which can occur through increased rate or depth of breathing, or a mix of both) where there is a smaller rise in metabolic carbon dioxide relative to this increase in ventilation.
What is the depth of breathing called?Each breath contains around 500-600 ml of air, this is called the Tidal Volume (the depth of inhalation). People usually take around 10-15 breaths per minute when resting. This is described as the Respiratory Rate.
Which breathing pattern is characterized by increase in rate and depth of respirations?Kussmaul respiratory pattern occurs due to increased tidal volume with or without an increased respiratory rate. It is a form of hyperventilation.
Which term describes a pattern in which the rate and depth of breathing increases then decreases until the individual becomes apneic?Cheyne-Stokes breathing is typically characterized by: a gradual increase in breathing, followed by a decrease. an apneic, or non-breathing, phase that occurs after a person's breathing gets more shallow. an apneic period that typically lasts 15 to 60 seconds.
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What is the term for the breathing pattern in which the depth of breathing increases?
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