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Master Acute Pancreatitis Assessment with Picmonic for MedicineWith Picmonic, facts become pictures. We've taken what the science shows - image mnemonics work - but we've boosted the effectiveness by building and associating memorable characters, interesting audio stories, and built-in quizzing.DOWNLOAD PDFRecommended PicmonicsAcute Pancreatitis AssessmentAcute-angle Pancreas-on-fire with Assess-man Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammation of the pancreas commonly caused by gallbladder disease or chronic alcohol intake. Symptoms often include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal guarding and rigidity, decreased or absent bowel sounds. Elevated WBCs, generalized jaundice, and hypotension and tachycardia may also be present. Smoking is considered a risk factor. 8 KEY FACTS In the majority of cases, acute pancreatitis is caused by heavy alcohol use and gallstones. Be sure to review our Picmonic on Acute Pancreatitis Causes for more etiologies. Abdominal pain is usually epigastric and commonly radiates to the back because of the retroperitoneal location of the pancreas. This pain is due to distention of the pancreas, peritoneal irritation, and obstruction of the biliary tract. It typically has a sudden onset and is described as severe, deep, piercing, and continuous or steady. Patients may complain of nausea, vomiting, and anorexia, which can lead to weight loss. Abdominal tenderness with muscle guarding is common as is a rigid, board-like abdomen. Bowel sounds may become decreased or even absent, so be sure to perform a thorough gastrointestinal assessment. Hypotension and tachycardia may be present in some patients. It is important to monitor for these symptoms, because life-threatening shock can occur as a result of pancreatic hemorrhage, excessive fluid volume shifts, or toxic effects of abdominal sepsis from enzyme damage. Jaundice, or yellowing of the skin, can occur and is typically generalized. Additionally, other skin assessments to look for include Grey Turner’s spots or sign (a bluish flank discoloration on the flanks) and Cullen’s sign (a bluish periumbilical discoloration on the periumbilical area). Elevated white blood cells, also known as leukocytosis, is another assessment finding. This may be accompanied by a low grade fever. DOWNLOAD PDFTake the Acute Pancreatitis Assessment QuizPicmonic's rapid review multiple-choice quiz allows you to assess your knowledge. Picmonic for Medicine CoversMedicine (MD/DO) *Average video play time: 2-3 minutes Our Story Mnemonics Increase Mastery and RetentionMemorize facts with phonetic mnemonics Unforgettable characters with concise but impactful videos (2-4 min each) Ace Your Medicine (MD/DO) Classes & Exams with Picmonic:Choose the #1 Medicine (MD/DO) student study app.Works better than traditional Medicine (MD/DO) flashcards.HistoryThe cardinal symptom of acute pancreatitis is abdominal pain, which is characteristically dull, boring, and steady. Usually, the pain is sudden in onset and gradually intensifies in severity until reaching a constant ache. Most often, it is located in the upper abdomen, usually in the epigastric region, but it may be perceived more on the left or right side, depending on which portion of the pancreas is involved. The pain radiates directly through the abdomen to the back in approximately one half of cases. Nausea and vomiting are often present, along with accompanying anorexia. Diarrhea can also occur. Positioning can be important, because the discomfort frequently improves with the patient sitting up and bending forward. However, this improvement is usually temporary. The duration of pain varies but typically lasts more than a day. It is the intensity and persistence of the pain that usually causes patients to seek medical attention. Ask the patient about recent operative or other invasive procedures (eg, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography [ERCP]) or family history of hypertriglyceridemia. Patients frequently have a history of previous biliary colic and binge alcohol consumption, the major causes of acute pancreatitis. Physical ExaminationThe following physical examination findings may be noted, varying with the severity of the disease:
A few uncommon physical findings are associated with severe necrotizing pancreatitis:
Rarely, abnormalities on funduscopic examination may be seen in severe pancreatitis. Termed Purtscher retinopathy, this ischemic injury to the retina appears to be caused by activation of complement and agglutination of blood cells within the retinal vessels. It may cause temporary or permanent blindness.
Author Coauthor(s) Chief Editor Acknowledgements Tushar Patel, MB, ChB Professor of Medicine, Ohio State University Medical Center Tushar Patel, MB, ChB is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and American Gastroenterological Association Disclosure: Nothing to disclose. Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference Disclosure: Medscape Salary Employment Noel Williams, MD Professor Emeritus, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Noel Williams, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada Disclosure: Nothing to disclose. Paul Yakshe, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Medical Director of Pancreas and Biliary Clinic, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Fairview University Medical Center Paul Yakshe, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Gastroenterology, American Pancreatic Association, and American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Disclosure: Nothing to disclose. When the nurse is caring for a patient with acute pancreatitis which assessment finding is of most concern?2. Answer: A. Severe abdominal pain. A: Abdominal pain is the major symptom of pancreatitis that causes the patient to seek medical care and this result from irritation and edema of the inflamed pancreas.
Which condition can cause acute pancreatitis Eno?The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is gallstones, which can become lodged in a bile or pancreatic duct and cause inflammation. Other common causes include excessive alcohol use, genetic conditions, and the use of certain medications.
Which symptom is typically experienced by patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease?Article Sections. Gastroesophageal reflux disease typically manifests as heartburn and regurgitation, but it may also present with atypical or extraesophageal symptoms, including asthma, chronic cough, laryngitis, hoarseness, chronic sore throat, dental erosions, and noncardiac chest pain.
Which type of pain is a patient likely to describe as sharp localized pain?Nociceptive pain
People often describe it as being a sharp, achy, or throbbing pain. It's often caused by an external injury.
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Which assessment finding is likely to be present in a patient with acute pancreatitis?
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