Which of the following describes the best way for elementary students to learn decoding skills?

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Students in Mr. Tulip's class have just finished a unit, learning about the persuasive techniques used in commercials. What activity below would help solidify his students' understanding of how commercials use persuasive techniques to convince consumers?

a project where students write and film a commercial for a made-up product of their own

During a parent-teacher orientation, Mrs. Levell wants to discuss the use of media in the classroom and at home with the students' parents. Which of the following suggestions is best for Mrs. Levell to make to parents, regarding students' television viewing and internet use at home?

Ask parents to view and monitor children's media consumption and discuss with students what they see and hear.

Various forms of informational media include:

documentaries, newspaper articles, and magazines.

Which of the following would be the best strategy to teach an elementary student the various forms of persuasive media?

Have students research a political cartoon, a computer editorial, and a highway billboard concerning environmental issues.

Which of the following is the most beneficial reason for a sixth-grade teacher to show her students various video clips, TV ads, posters, magazine ads, etc.?

to demonstrate some of the functions/purposes of media such as persuasion, information, entertainment, and education

Various forms of educational media include:

language software, language games, and textbooks.

An elementary teacher is expected to model and teach students to comprehend, interpret, and use which of the following?
Select all answers that apply.

- charts
- maps
- timelines

A fifth-grade science lesson is preparing students for the required skill of comparing/contrasting information. Which of the following strategies would best provide practice for this skill?

Deliver a lesson on various plants and have the students create a Venn diagram.

Diego and his family moved to the US a few months ago. Diego has a low-intermediate level of English. Back in Mexico, Diego and his family read and discussed the news every day. Diego's parents want to use Diego's love of the news to help him practice his English, but they aren't sure what to do. Which of the following media literacy activities would be appropriate for his teacher to suggest for a student at Diego's level?
Select all answers that apply.

comparing the headlines describing a particular news event from various newspapers around the country

Various forms of entertainment media include:

movies, television programs, and video games.

Various forms of persuasive media include:

newspaper ads, political cartoons, and online ads.

Ms. Farris' sixth-grade social studies students are finding in their textbook numerous graphic representations which they have to analyze and understand. These graphic representations may be in the form of diagrams, charts, graphs, timelines, and maps. Which of the following activities would likely be the most helpful to teach her students about analyzing, understanding, and using information from the textbook?

Model through "thinking aloud," how to analyze and understand specific graphic sources including maps, globes, diagrams, pictures, timelines, and charts.

Mrs. Adams has asked her class to upload the final drafts of their essays to the class website so they can share their hard work with one another. Which of the following formats should the students use when saving their work to best support this process?

PDF

After reading Cloudy With a Chance of Meatballs by Judi and Ron Barrett, the teacher shows a short film clip of the animated feature film by the same title. This least enhances the comprehension skill of:

story recall and retelling.

Which of the following is the most important benefit of using a wiki during peer editing?

It provides the opportunity for multiple people to edit one document at the same time.

Which of the following is the first strategy a student should use in the process of interpreting graphs or charts containing numerical information?

Review the title, headings, and legends to develop an understanding of the content presented in the graph or chart.

According to TEKS benchmarks, a first-grade student should be able to do which of the following?

Use a search tool to access digital information.

Which of the following strategies would help a group of students develop an understanding of text directionality?

The teacher reads to the class daily from oversized books, discussing the front and back covers before beginning, and pointing to the words as she reads them.

At the beginning of the year, during open house, a preschool teacher always welcomes her class by reading aloud one of her favorite books. She holds the book up for everyone to see the words and pictures, and she uses her finger to move along the text as she reads. She then encourages parents to also track their progress through books at home by tracing the line of text as they read. Which of the following is the teacher's reason for this suggestion?

to help students develop an understanding of print orientation

Which of the following is not a component of print concepts?

phoneme awareness

Which of the following is the most appropriate way for a teacher to help young students develop an understanding of print elements?

Provide direct and indirect instruction on concepts like punctuation, the progression of text, and the difference between letters, words, and sentences.

Which of the following would NOT be described as a sight word in a second-grade classroom?

missed

A first-grade teacher creates a fun, engaging story and writes the story on flashcards. The teacher writes unfamiliar words larger than the familiar words so they are easy for students to identify. As the teacher reads to the class, the teacher points to each word as he reads it. After reading through the story one time, the teacher reads the flashcards a second time and tells the students when he points to a word written in big letters to say the word along with him. Which of the following is this activity most likely to help first-graders learn?

C
sight vocabulary

A first-grade teacher creates a fun, engaging story and writes the story on flashcards. The teacher writes unfamiliar words larger than the familiar words so they are easy for students to identify. As the teacher reads to the class, the teacher points to each word as he reads it. After reading through the story one time, the teacher reads the flashcards a second time and tells the students when he points to a word written in big letters to say the word along with him. Which of the following reading skills is this activity most promoting?

word recognition

The following sets of words could be used to demonstrate which of the following principles?
-ful
-ment
bountiful
merriment
grateful
judgment
pitiful
enlightenment
careful
embodiment
boastful
management

A root word that ends in y is usually changed to i when a suffix is added onto the end.

A student is attempting to determine the pronunciation and meaning of a word while reading a sentence. Which of the following could help with this unfamiliar word?
Select all answers that apply.

- structural analysis
- contextual analysis

Which of the following describes a way that spelling instruction can support the decoding skills of early readers?

Memorizing common letter patterns through spelling can then be applied to unfamiliar words with similar structures when reading.

Which of the following is the most appropriate way for a teacher to help students develop the ability to break words into individual sounds?

Have students practice breaking apart simple words of two or three letters.

Which of the following strategies should be incorporated into the classroom to help students determine the meaning of unknown words while reading?
Select all answers that apply.

C
using context clues

For their morning work, a fifth-grade teacher has students dissect the word "disconnected." The students are required to break the word into a prefix, root word, and suffix. Students then hypothesize the meaning of the word. Which of the following skills will this help develop?

decoding

While reading, a student comes across the unknown word "extracellular." He notices the prefix "extra-" and determines that the word means something like "having more cells." While he did not correctly define the word, which strategy did he use in his attempt to define the unknown word?

defining meaning from structural clues and morphology

When teaching decoding skills, what kind of words should a teacher use to introduce the concept?

single, closed-syllable words

Strategies that can be used to best build growth in word analysis and identification include all of the following except:

"popcorn" reading in which one student starts reading a passage in front of the class and another says "popcorn" and continues the reading.

An ESL teacher presents an activity to her beginning-level ELLs in which she introduces predictable spelling patterns in word families to ELLs. Which of the following skills is this activity mainly helping the students develop?

decoding skills

Ms. Paul, a fourth-grade English teacher, is planning a lesson in which students will listen to a narrative and write down all the homophones they hear. This activity best supports students' development by linking which of the following?

spelling to word meaning

A teacher notices that students are struggling to decode words such as "moon", "groan", and "boat". Which of the following areas of instruction should the teacher plan to support students' decoding skills?

vowel digraphs

Word building blocks, blocks designed to represent groups of letters that are used by students to build words from the word wall, are effective building skills in:

sight words.

Vowel digraphs are defined as:

two vowels that make only one sound.

A teacher might ask students to compare the words go, goes, and undergo in order to support an understanding of:

morphemes.

Which of the following words contain a closed syllable?
Select all answers that apply.

- resign
-pan

Which of the following words should a teacher use to demonstrate structural analysis for vocabulary development?

unknown

Which of the following are acceptable resources to verify the meaning of unfamiliar words?
Select all answers that apply.

- glossary
- print dictionary
- online dictionary

A teacher has determined her 2nd-grade student's reading level is below grade level due to comprehension issues related in part to fluency. The student is struggling with high frequency, irregular sight words. Which of the following would best address this issue?

Develop an individualized in-class plan focused on high frequency, irregular sight words.

Mr. Sims is planning a spelling unit using phonetically regular words. His class has learned to identify individual phonemes and to blend onsets and rimes. Which of the following would be the most appropriate unit to teach next?

short and long vowels

A student reads the following sentence aloud.
I went to the dentist yesterday. He asked me to open my mouth very wide. It did not hurt.
Which of the following pronunciation mistakes represents an error decoding vowel digraphs?

reading mouth as moth

Jairo and his family moved to the US last year from Spain. Jairo is having trouble with his English pronunciation. He does well with the decodable words, or words that are phonetically regular and can be blended or 'sounded out,' but struggles to remember the words that are irregular and have to be learned as whole words. His teacher, Mrs. Calihan, recommends that he practice this second category of words at home with his family. What are these words called?

sight words

Which of the following best represents a direct benefit of learning common spelling patterns?

improved accuracy when reading

Which of the following word sets would best support a lesson on structural analysis?

visit, revisit, visitor, visiting

In order to support his student's development of word recognition skills, the teacher should strive to develop their abilities in which of the following areas?

application of phonics generalizations

Which is the first phonological awareness skill that students will most likely be able to do?

showing awareness that the word "ball" sounds like "fall" and "tall"

The teacher reads a passage and asks students to listen for rhyming words. At the end of the reading, the teacher asks the students to think of sets of rhyming words. Which of the following would this activity be used in assessing?
Select all answers that apply.

--

A second-grade teacher uses the following handout to introduce a new topic.
Choose ONE of the following words to correctly complete BOTH of the following sentences.

bus train teach show car

I rode in a ________ to visit my grandmother.

I hope to ________ my dog to roll over.

Now work with a partner to write two sentences. Each sentence must show a different meaning of the word right.
Which of the following concepts is the teacher introducing to her class?

homographs

A second-grade teacher assigns a spelling pretest early in the year to guide spelling instruction. The following is a portion of one student's spelling pretest. Based on this list, which area of spelling instruction would be most beneficial to this student?

vowel-consonant-e

A student who is learning to read is struggling to recognize the three different sounds that make up the word "dog." To improve the student's decoding, the teacher should provide additional instruction primarily focused on:

word analysis and decoding skills.

Students will learn to read phonetically regular words in a simple to complex progression. Of the skills provided, which of the following skills would most likely be the earliest skill mastered?

blending onsets and rimes

Mr. Fischer assigns his students to list ten commonly used words that can either stand alone or be combined with another word to make a new word. Which of the following concepts does this activity best promote?

making compound words

While reading, a student comes across the unknown word "hydration." She thinks about other words she knows that sound similar, like hydrant and hydrate. She determines that "hydration" must have something to do with water. Which strategy did she use to define the unknown word?

defining meaning using phonetic awareness

Which of the following best describes the segment "able" in "unforgettable."

suffix

Billy is having a difficult time reading a multisyllabic word. He asks his teacher for help. Which of the following strategies would best support Billy's learning to decode multisyllabic words independently?

highlighting the different syllables of the word and then sounding out the word by syllables

While working one-on-one with a student, the teacher administers a nonsense word test. Which of the following skills is the teacher most likely trying to assess?

word analysis

A teacher is providing instruction on root words. Which of the following is not a good example of root words to use with the class?

boyhood, childhood, neighborhood

Beyond word memorization, students must learn to read new words using which of the following skills?
Select all answers that apply.

- using structural cues such as prefixes, suffixes, and roots
- using decoding skills
- using context clues

Which of the following best describes the segment "un" in "unbelievable."

prefix: A prefix is a letter or letters at the beginning of a root word that changes its meaning. "Un" changes the meaning of "believe" in this word.

Teaching students to use contextual analysis when reading unfamiliar words is likely to help their fluency by helping the student:

verify the accuracy of their reading by considering the word's meaning within the sentence.

While reading, a student comes across the unknown word "sanitize." He notices in the sentence the words "dirty, " "but," and "now clean." He determines that sanitize must be the opposite of dirty. Which strategy did he use to define the unknown word?

defining meaning from context clues

While reading a new passage, a student raises her hand and asks, "What does this word mean?" Instead of defining the word for her, the teacher should encourage the student to determine the meaning of the word by:

searching the sentence and surrounding sentences for context clues like synonyms, antonyms, or examples

Which of the following best describes the segment "pre" in "prescribe."

prefix

Which of the following phonemic awareness skills would be the last skill a student should be expected to master?

deleting phonemes

The words trying, writing, happening, heating demonstrate which of the following principles?

Depending on the ending letter of the root word, the addition of a suffix may impact the spelling of the root.

Multiple times a year a third-grade teacher administers a formal assessment of her students' oral reading fluency. While assessing a student's reading, she notices that the child performs well on the portion of the test that asks the student to read a paragraph, but struggles when reading many of the same words in list form. Which of the following would best describe a strength of this student?

using context clues to determine a word

Through phonics instruction, students learn to analyze phonetically regular words in a simple to complex progression. Based on this understanding, which lesson topic listed below would be taught last?

syllable types

Which of the following best describes decoding?

Students sound out the phonemes of the word and associate the sound of the word to the correct definition.

The following sentence is missing several words.
It can be ___(1)___ to find a moment to ___(2)___ your thoughts into the ___(3)___ when there are many people participating in a ___(4)___.
A word with the prefix inter- would best fit in which of the following blanks

(2)

Which of the following activities would best support a student's ability to decode multisyllabic words?

Provide practice matching prefixes, roots, and suffixes to create new words.

Which of the following are appropriate ways for a teacher to encourage home involvement in promoting word analysis skills?
Select all answers that apply.

- weekly communication through email with information about the week's literacy focus in class
- hosting a parent night at which the teacher shares ways to improve phonological awareness

Which of the following describes the best way for elementary students to learn decoding skills?

Students should practice decoding words in books that are at their reading level.

Cindy continues to write the word "hole" when she means "whole." Cindy needs further instruction in:

homophones.

During a decoding exercise of rhyming words, a first-grade teacher noticed Billy could not decode new words when particular suffixes were added to the word. Billy would most benefit from which of the following instruction?

sounding out the words

An ELL student says the following:
"What address should I address the letter to?"
The student makes an error in the pronunciation of the noun and verb form of "address."
The error in pronunciation of these words indicates a problem with:

word stress patterns.

A third-grade teacher writes the following sentence on the board:
Despite being the last to use the bathroom pass, the student emphatically denied being the one that lost it.
She asks the students to write down the meaning of the word emphatically without looking it up in the dictionary. How does the teacher expect the students to determine the word's meaning?

Use context clues to predict the word's meaning.

Which of the following is the best approach for demonstrating the importance of independent reading to your students?

Set aside specific in class reading time, where they will also see you reading, while also establishing expectations for independent reading at home.

Which activity would fit in a unit focusing on enhancing student abilities in phonics and word recognition?

After studying some common prefixes, suffixes, and high frequency words, play a game where students generate as many words as possible that use a specific root, prefix, or suffix.

Which of the following would be the most appropriate activity to support kindergarten students' letter-sound understanding?

making a letter sound while tracing the letter with a pencil and paper

Mrs. Peterson, the principal at Northside High School, is a proponent of summative assessments. She has told Mr. Stephens that he needs to include more summative assessments in his ESL curriculum. Which of the following would Mrs. Peterson recommend?

more end of unit or chapter tests

A teacher needs to make accommodations to a nonfiction reading comprehension assignment for an English language learner who is in the beginning stages of language development. Which accommodation would be most appropriate for this student's ability level?

Provide a graphic organizer and simple, direct instructions.

A third-grade ELL student who normally performs well on assessments unexpectedly struggled with a recent reading assessment of a passage titled "Fourth of July Memories." Which of the following is most likely to have caused this unexpected challenge?

The student may lack the schema that supports other students' understanding of the text.

Which of the following skills is NOT assessed using a reading fluency assessment?

comprehension:Fluency assessments do not provide information about whether or not a student comprehends (understands) what he or she has read.

Which of the following activities is the best way for elementary students to demonstrate their graphophonemic knowledge?

identify a word based on a sequence of letter-sound correspondence

Which of the following is the best rationale for using formative assessment?

Students will show what skills they have mastered and what skills still need to be practiced.

Which of the following are acceptable ways to assess vocabulary?
Select all answers that apply.

- Provide quizzes with two columns, one for newly-studied vocabulary words and the other for synonyms of each word, for students to match up.
- An assessment of academic vocabulary that is multiple-choice or fill in the blank at the end of a unit.
- Make lists of a few words that contain common prefixes. Then have students divide the words into parts and write the meanings of the entire words.

A third-grade teacher is facilitating literature circles for her class with books that tie into their current social studies unit. The class will be allowed to choose a title from a set of books that she has pre-selected. The teacher introduces each option by showing the front cover, reading the title, and reading the back of the book. Once students choose their book and begin reading it, they will be given opportunities to meet with other students who are reading the same book. All group members are encouraged to use direct quotes from the text to support the ideas they share with their group.
Which of the following would be most important for a student to consider when choosing their book from the provided options?

the book's readability using the 5 finger test

Mr. Franklin believes that ongoing assessments are particularly important for English language learners, but that standardized tests in English don't always reflect ELLs' true content knowledge or abilities. Instead, he is a strong proponent of performance-based assessments. Which of the following would be an appropriate performance-based activity for Mr. Franklin to use to assess ELLs' speaking or reading skills?
Select all answers that apply

- debating, either one-on-one or taking turns in small groups
- giving descriptions or instructions using visual or written prompts

Which TWO strategies can be used to assess a student's reading comprehension skills?
Select all answers that apply.

assigning a short essay question which requires students to include three details from the text

Which of the following would be an appropriate summative assessment for fourth grade students who are learning about parts of speech?

having students independently label each part of speech for words in a given sentence

A fifth-grade teacher would like to preserve instruction time by only testing the class's reading level twice, once at the beginning of the year to guide instruction and once at the end of the year to measure their growth. Which of the following best explains why this is would not be a reasonable change in testing expectations?

Testing a student's reading level during the year provides data on whether current instructional practices are working and presents the opportunity for teachers to better match students with appropriately leveled texts.

A sixth-grade teacher assessed a student's reading level at the beginning of the school year and found that the student was reading on a fifth-grade level. The student was assessed again at the end of first semester and continued to read on a fifth-grade level, but with improved fluency and fewer sound errors. When assessing the student during the third quarter, the teacher found that the student was now reading at a 5.5 grade level with improved fluency and zero sound errors. Which of the following techniques is being used to assess the student?

running record

In a general education classroom that includes some ELL students, which of the following should be considered when choosing a passage for a summative assessment?

The subject of the passage should aim to be accessible to all students despite different backgrounds and schemas.

After completing an oral fluency and comprehension assessment of a student, the teacher determines that the student's errors indicate "word calling" instead of comprehension. Which of the following best describes a possible issues that the teacher observed in order to form this assessment?

The student read the passage at a reasonable rate and with few mistakes, but she lacked prosody and struggled to answer the reading comprehension questions correctly.

An ESL teacher finds that many of her students, despite showing improvement in the classroom, don't do very well on formal assessments. She thinks it's because they get nervous when they know they are being tested. She wants to find another way to assess them. Her colleague should recommend:

having the students keep journals or learning logs.

Which of the following statements best describes a formative assessment?

Formative assessments measure what students know along the way.

Formative assessments provide information that can be used for which of the following?

to change and improve instruction

The semester exam administered to students at the end of the term is considered to be a:

summative assessment.

Which of the following texts would be the best choice to accurately assess a third grade ELL student's reading comprehension?

a story about an elementary student struggling with friend conflict in school

Which of the following is the best way to assess the fluency skills and reading levels of sixth-grade students?

having students read aloud while the teacher listens and counts the number of words read correctly

While reviewing a student's ELA work, the teacher asks herself these questions:
Is the textbook too difficult for this student to understand?
Are there any students who do not understand sentence formation?
Is the student encountering difficulty with more than one word out of every twenty?
Which of the following is the teacher most likely trying to do?

analyze the student's errors to determine possible changes in instruction

Mr. Clark teaches a diverse population of students, including English Language Learners. Despite their necessity in many situations, Mr. Clark isn't a proponent of summative assessments. Mr. Clark would most likely support which of the following?

daily submission of homework assignments and weekly student-teacher feedback sessions

Which of the following are good examples of formative assessment?
Select all answers that apply.

- This is an example of formative assessment because the teacher will use the information to guide instruction.
- observations in the form of close monitoring and feedback while students are working
- listening to a student read aloud, one-on-one, then discussing what was read

While listening to a student read, a teacher records the following errors in pronunciation.
Word
Student Pronunciation
Cologne
ku-log-neh
Sword
s-WOR-d
Raspberry
RASP-ber-rie
Based on the errors in all three words, the student is struggling with which spelling pattern?

silent letters

A teacher is administering a reading assessment to determine what level of books students should be reading independently. Which of the following types of assessments would be best for this purpose?

a criterion-referenced test

A first-grade teacher can formally and informally assess the development of his/her students' phonemic awareness in all of the following ways except:

having the student read silently and write down certain syllables.

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of having a student retell a story they read?

measuring the student's level of comprehension

A fifth-grade science teacher wants to determine if the reading from the textbook and some assigned outside readings are on the correct reading level for her students. She asks the campus reading specialist what she can do to find out if the materials are on the instructional reading level, in particular with several students who are English Language Learners. Which of the following is the most likely response by the reading specialist about how to decide the appropriate reading level?

Students read aloud a passage of 80 words while the teacher counts to see if they make more than 8 errors in their reading.

Mrs. Crow provides her students a self-assessment rubric to complete after a semester-long group research project. Which of the following does a self-assessment rubric best promote among students?

understanding and taking responsibility for their learning

Which of the following methods could be used to test a student's decoding abilities?

asking a student to read a grade level paragraph aloud

Students in upper-elementary grades need to be able to ask appropriate questions about their own writing, such as "Did I capitalize all proper nouns and the beginning of sentences?", "Did I use proper punctuation?", and "Did I use parts of speech correctly?"
Which of the following best explains the importance of this questioning?

Help students learn the process of editing their own and each other's writing.

The campus administrator wants the ELL students to take a standardized test that covers basic reading skills. The test will be translated from English into each student's native language. Which of the following would best explain why such a test is unlikely to yield accurate results?

Translations from English to a native language cannot account for cultural differences which can lead to confusion among students.

Mrs. Langston is an English teacher and requires her students to keep a portfolio of their writing assignments, which includes drafts and final copies. The greatest benefit to the portfolios is that:

students can view how their writing has improved over time.

Mr. Rose has two students who are struggling with writing in his fourth-grade class. He has them write two sentences which he dictates to them. From these papers, he checks their spelling and writing development. Which skill would NOT be assessed by the checking of these writing/spelling papers?

understanding of expository text

An English teacher ends each class with an exit ticket of 1-4 short questions related to the topics discussed in class that day. Students write their responses on sticky notes and place them on the teacher's door before leaving the classroom. The teacher reviews all notes and uses students' responses to determine warm-up activities for the next day of class. Which of the following methods of assessing student understanding is being used?

formative assessment

Ms. Ciernia decides to do a project-based assessment with her fifth-grade class in which they design their own society. Her class consists of ELLs of varied levels. She sets clear parameters using a rubric with targeted standards and skills. In which way will this assessment benefit the ELLs in her class?

It will provide opportunities for ELLs to apply what they have learned in a student-centered project.

Which of the following could be evidence of bias in a formal, standards based assessment?

Students of differing cultural backgrounds who have been performing similarly when informally assessed, unexpectedly score very differently from each other.

Why is oral reading often used instead of silent reading when assessing a student's reading skills and determining their reading level?

Hearing the frequency and types of errors can help the teacher determine why the student struggled with the passage.

A third-grade teacher has just taught a lesson on identifying and describing the setting when reading a story. Which of the following activities could be used as a formative assessment to assess this new skill at the end of class?

giving students a one-page story and asking them to describe the setting in one sentence

A fourth-grade teacher is administering a student's mid-year fluency assessment. Her data shows that the student's miscues are within the range of normal for the grade level, but the student did not self-correct any errors while reading aloud. Of the following questions, which should be the first to consider when evaluating instructional strategies for this student?

Is the student able to correctly answer reading comprehension questions despite the miscues?

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of incorporating self-assessment and peer-assessment into the students' writing process?

Students can help in grading writing assignments for the teacher.

Ongoing assessment is extremely important in writing and the writing process. Which of the following is the least important reason for ongoing assessment?

ensuring that there are many scores so no one low grade will too significantly impact their average

What is the primary goal of summative assessments?

measuring student achievement

An ESOL teacher has read a writing sample from a new ELL. The student can present his thoughts in an organized manner that is easily understood. He can use the most common grammar structures, but some errors are present. The ESOL teacher may deduce that the student is at what stage of writing?

intermediate

Mr. Harper wants to assess his students' reading fluency by listening to each student orally read a section from a selected text. Which of the following would NOT be a good indicator for Mr. Harper to use in assessing the students' reading fluency?

how clearly students are able to pronounce words

When students self-select books, the teacher requires them to use the five finger rule. Which of the following goals is the teacher most likely trying to achieve?

teach students to independently assess the readability level of a text

Which of the following describes the best use of a running record?

to track student reading fluency over a year

Which of the following interventions would be most appropriate for a student who continues to struggle to learn how to read grade level texts fluently?

Working with a reading specialist daily to practice decoding skills and reading strategies.

Mrs. Smithers has just completed a beginning-of-the-year assessment of her student's reading fluency skills. The results revealed that she has students with reading skills ranging from significantly below grade-level to above grade-level. To accommodate these different skill levels, Mrs. Smithers should:

differentiate instruction, offering both remediation and enrichment.

Mr. Parks records a short sample of his students reading the same passage. He listens to all student recordings and takes notes. When it is time to assign grades, he assigns a 100% to the student who read the passage with the least errors, and continues to grade by comparing the rest of the class to the student who received the highest mark. What type of assessment is Mr. Parks using?

norm-referenced

Which of the following is a similarity between a norm-referenced assessment and a criterion-referenced assessment?

They both formally assess a test-taker's knowledge in a specific area.

While asking student to draw pictures of objects that start with the letter M, the teacher walks around the room observing what students are drawing to determine how much more time needs to be spent on that skill. Which of the following describes is the teacher most likely trying to do?

informally assess student mastery of the phoneme /M/, and use the data as a formative assessment to guide instruction

Which of the following is not an effective method of utilizing classroom data?

using growth measures as rationale to move on to new skills

using growth measures as rationale to move on to new skills

provide students with opportunities to interact and demonstrate command of various types of visual media.

Mr. Chalmers wants to evaluate the learning progress of his English language learners over the past few weeks. Since there are no major formal assessments scheduled in the upcoming week, which of the following would be the most appropriate informal assessment of the students' learning progress?

Listening in on the ELL students' group activities

Ms. Hardy demonstrates the five finger rule to her students and explains how to use the rule to select the students' independent reading material. Which of the following is Ms. Hardy most likely trying to develop in her students?

the ability to gauge the readability level of texts

Which of the following best describes a value specific to assessing with an authentic task?

Authentic tasks assess a skill being used in a context that has meaning and value outside of the classroom context.

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How do you teach decoding skills?

Here is an overview of some of the strategies..
Use Air Writing. As a part of their learning process, ask students to write the letters or words they are learning in the air with their finger. ... .
Create Images to Match Letters and Sounds. ... .
Specifically Practice Decoding. ... .
Attach Images to Sight Words. ... .
Weave In Spelling Practice..

What is decoding in elementary?

Decoding is the ability to apply your knowledge of letter-sound relationships, including knowledge of letter patterns, to correctly pronounce written words. Understanding these relationships gives children the ability to recognize familiar words quickly and to figure out words they haven't seen before.

Which of the following methods could be used to test a student's decoding abilities?

What skill should the teacher revisit to help improve this student's decoding skills? Which of the following methods could be used to test a student's decoding abilities? Listening to a student reading assesses both fluency and decoding.

What are decoding strategies?

Here are the 6 decoding strategies included:.
Look at the whole. ... .
Look for parts or chunks you might know. ... .
Put your finger under the beginning of the word. ... .
Move your finger from left to right..
Slowly stretch out the sounds and/or chunks in the word..
Blend the sounds together to read the whole word..