Which of the following describes the greatest obstacle faced by African Americans in asserting their rights during Reconstruction quizlet?

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Conclusion: Thanks in part to policies enacted by radical Republicans in the U.S. Congress, African Americans in the former Confederacy overcame many obstacles to their political participation, created political organizations, and won elected offices.

Evidence: "We, the colored people of the State of South Carolina, in Convention assembled, respectfully present for your attention some prominent facts in relation to our present condition, and make a modest yet earnest appeal to your considerate judgment. We, your memorialists, with profound gratitude to almighty God, recognize the great boon of freedom conferred upon us by the instrumentality of our late President, Abraham Lincoln, and the armies of the United States. . . . We also recognize with liveliest gratitude the vast services of the Freedmen's Bureau together with the efforts of the good and wise throughout the land to raise up an oppressed and deeply injured people in the scale of civilized being, during the throbbings of a mighty revolution which must affect the future destiny of the world."—Source 14.1: Colored People's Convention of South Carolina, Memorial to Congress

Conclusion: Thanks in part to policies enacted by radical Republicans in the U.S. Congress, African Americans in the former Confederacy overcame many obstacles to their political participation, created political organizations, and won elected offices.

Evidence: "While I am sincerely grateful for this high mark of courtesy that has been accorded to me by this House, it is a matter of regret to me that it is necessary at this day that I should rise in the presence of an American Congress to advocate a bill which simply asserts equal rights and equal public privileges for all classes of American citizens. I regret, sir, that the dark hue of my skin may lend a color to the imputation that I am controlled by motives personal to myself in my advocacy of this great measure of national justice. Sir, the motive that impels me is restricted by no such narrow boundary, but is as broad as your Constitution. I advocate it, sir, because it is right. The bill, however, not only appeals to your justice, but it demands a response from your gratitude."—Source 14.3: Robert Brown Elliott, In Defense of the Civil Rights Bill

Conclusion: Thanks in part to policies enacted by radical Republicans in the U.S. Congress, African Americans in the former Confederacy overcame many obstacles to their political participation, created political organizations, and won elected offices.

Evidence: "Here, then, is the outcome, the ripe, perfected fruit of the boasted civilization of the South, after two hundred years of experience. A white community, that had gradually risen from small beginnings, till it grew into wealth, culture, and refinement, and became accomplished in all the arts of civilization; that successfully asserted its resistance to a foreign tyranny by deeds of conspicuous valor, which achieved liberty and independence through the fire and tempest of civil war, and illustrated itself in the councils of the nation by orators and statesmen worthy of any age or nation."—Source 14.4: James Shepherd Pike, The Prostrate State

Conclusion: By the mid-1870s even some radical Republicans had wearied of white resistance to blacks' equality and, swayed by the idea that the interracial Republican governments in southern states were ineffective and corrupt, they began to retreat from Reconstruction.

Evidence: "The results of the war, as seen in reconstruction, have settled forever the political status of my race. The passage of this bill will determine the civil status, not onlyof the Negro, but of any other class of citizens who may feel themselves discriminatedagainst. It will form the cap-stone of that temple of liberty, begun on thiscontinent under discouraging circumstances, carried on in spite of the sneers of monarchists and the cavils of pretended friends of freedom, until at last it stands, in all its beautiful symmetry and proportions, a building the grandest which the world has ever seen, realizing the most sanguine expectations and the highest hopes of those who, in the name of equal, impartial, and universal liberty, laid the foundation-stone."—Source 14.3: Robert Brown Elliott, In Defense of the Civil Rights Bill

Refer to the passage to answer the following question: "Contract made the 3rd day of January in the year 1870 between us the free people who have signed this paper of one part, and our employer, Willis P. Bocock, of the other part. . . . We are to furnish the necessary labor . . . and are to have all proper work done, ditching, fencing, repairing, etc., as well as cultivating and saving the crops of all kinds, so as to put and keep the land we occupy and tend in good order for cropping, and to make a good crop ourselves; and to do our fair share of job work about the place. . . . We are to be responsible for the good conduct of ourselves, our hands, and families, and agree that all shall be respectful to employer, owners, and manager, honest, industrious, and careful about every thing . . . and then our employer agrees that he and his manager shall treat us kindly, and help us to study our interest and do our duty. If any hand or family proves to be of bad character, or dishonest, or lazy, or disobedient, or any way unsuitable our employer or manager has the right, and we have the right, to have such turned off. . . ."

According to the sharecropping agreement, what problems does the landowner fear will arise with the freedmen working his land?

Refer to the passage to answer the following question: "Contract made the 3rd day of January in the year 1870 between us the free people who have signed this paper of one part, and our employer, Willis P. Bocock, of the other part. . . . We are to furnish the necessary labor . . . and are to have all proper work done, ditching, fencing, repairing, etc., as well as cultivating and saving the crops of all kinds, so as to put and keep the land we occupy and tend in good order for cropping, and to make a good crop ourselves; and to do our fair share of job work about the place. . . . For the labor and services of ourselves and hands rendered as above stated, we are to have one third part of all the crops, or their net-proceeds, made and secured, or prepared for market by our force. We are to be furnished by our employer through his manager with provisions if we call for them . . . to be charged to us at fair market prices."

According to the sharecropping agreement, the freedmen are concerned that the landowner will

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